PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4º ESO

1

THE SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

1.- THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

2.- SKELETON FUNCTIONS

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4º ESO

3.- JOINT TYPES AND RANGE OF MOVEMENT

FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF JOINTS

LIGAMENTS - tough fibrous tissue that joins bone to bone to stabilise the joints.

TENDONS - attach muscle to bone and allow movement.

CARTI LAGE - is a tough but flexible tissue. Articular cartilage forms a protective

covering on the ends of the bones that helps to cushion the bone by acting as a shock

absorber.

SYNOVIAL FLUID- lubricates the joint.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4º ESO

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4º ESO

4.- THE HUMAN SKELETON

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4º ESO

5.- THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4º ESO

6.- MUSCLES AND MOVEMENT

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4º ESO

7.- MUSCLE FIBRES

There are two types of fibres present in voluntary muscle:

Fast twitch fibres - these are white and work quickly for short-term power and

strength activities.

Slow twitch fibres - these are red with a good oxygen supply and contact slowly for long-

term endurance activities and events.

The levels of fast and slow

twitch fibres in our bodies are

hereditary , so no amount of

training can affect the distribution of

them.

Obviously, a higher

percentage of fast twitch fibres

helps a sprinter and a higher

percentage of slow twitch fibres

helps a marathon runner. This

explains why some people seem to be

'natural' sprinters with inherited speed,

while others struggle to gain any more

speed no matter how hard they might

train.