The Second Inaugural Address

By Celia, Sophia, and Grace

Let’s Start with...

The Election of 1864!

The Election of 1864• The election of 1864 was between Abraham Lincoln and George McClellan.

• Lincoln won 91% of the electoral college votes and 55.03% of the popular votes.

• Lincoln won by so much because southern states were not voting after seceding.

George Brinton McClellan● George Brinton McClellan was

born December 3, 1826 in Philadelphia

● ex-general for the Union● Was appointed after Bull Run● Ran against Lincoln in 1864● Had no intention with messing

with slavery but wanted the Union to stay together.

Andrew Johnson• Andrew Johnson was the Vice Presidential Running mate for Lincoln in the Election of 1864.

• Johnson replaced Hannibal Hamlin, a Northerner.

• Johnson was from Tennessee, which was a Confederate state.

• Johnson replaced Lincoln on April 15, 1965, after he was assassinated.

Vice President

• Lincoln chose Johnson because he thought Johnson would be more appealing to the South because Johnson was southernern.

• On the day of the second inaugural address, Johnson gave a drunken speech.

The VotesPresidential Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Votes Party

Abraham Lincoln

2,211,317 = 55.03% 212 = 91.0% Republican

George McClellan

1,806,227 = 44.95% 21 = 9.0% Democrat

Popular Vote Electoral Votes

This is a map of the united states with the electoral vote information included

Lincoln

McClellan

Lincoln’s Victory

• Lincoln’s second victory meant a continued effort to keep the Union together.

• Was influenced by Sherman’s success after capturing Atlanta and Savannah.

• All of the Union’s energy would be put into the army and regaining control over the South.

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Oath of Office

Now...

The war!

Lincoln and the War

• Lincoln knew that the Civil War would be over soon and the North would win, but he couldn’t predict the duration. The predicted Union win also affected the election of 1864.

• He said that all didn’t want the war, but it came as a punishment for the nation’s long slavery life, and it’s the country’s fault.

The Second Inaugural Address•On March 4th, 1865, Lincoln gave his second inaugural address. In his speech, these are the main points:

1. The cause of the war.2. The duration of the war.3. The purpose of the war.4. Recap of the war.5. How slavery was bad in the eyes of God.

Hi, I am Lincoln. I am the president!

The Cause of the War: SLAVERY• Slavery was one of the main causes of the war.• The abolishment of slavery was passed by Congress on January 31st of that same year*, just two months earlier. However, The law was not yet adopted until December 6th.

• Lincoln even states in his speech that it is odd that the cause of the war is gone but the war is still going.

*The date that lincoln gives his speech

The Duration of the War:?

Lincoln admits to ignorance. He states in his address that he can’t estimate how long the war will take.

“With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it so ventured.”

Lincoln’s Goals● Reunite the nation:● He was not an abolitionist, but he did think slavery was

morally wrong. ● He needed to keep the Union together.

" If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. ". A. Lincoln.

What do you think this quote reveals about Lincoln's priorities?

William Tecumseh ShermanUnion General

William Tecumseh ShermanWilliam T. Sherman was a ruthless killer in the fight against the secessionists. Born in Lancaster, Ohio, Sherman believed that war isn’t just fought between armies but also between societies that supported each.

He tried banking, the military and worked for the president, but had no success in life.

He had some success when serving under Ulysses S. Grant at Vicksburg and Gettysburg.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Sherman led 62,000 Union soldiers across Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah on his march to the sea. His goal: to

demolish Confederate logistics and crush Southern morale.

Sherman’s March to the Sea• November 15 -December 21, 1864• Sherman wanted to terrorize the cities in his path in order to force Confederates to surrender. He destroyed a stretch of 60 miles when marching.

• He chose Atlanta to Savannah because of the major railroad hub, and the important port city.

• Sherman’s March modeled war today, rather than the more civil and almost proper wars that were fought then.

What does this picture symbolize?

Talk with a neighbor, what do you see in this image?

Sherman’s March to the Sea

• Sherman splits army into two “wings”, which split into more and more “wings”.• One seemed to head to Augusta for a battle, but did not.• The other headed toward Macon.• They met up again at Milledgeville and split again until they got to Savannah.• These confused Confederates because they didn’t know where Sherman was going to have a battle at, and the troops were spread all over Georgia.

Growing Southern Desperation• The Anaconda plan• Starvation • The burning of crops• Sherman’s March left southerners to live in fear, hunger and ashes.

Appomattox Intro Ulysses S. Grant

• Union general of Potomac

• Fought in the Mexican War,

Robert E. Lee• Confederate general of Northern Virginia

Vicksburg, and Gettysburg

• Won the election of 1868 against Andrew Johnson

• Fought at Harper’s Ferry

•Surrendered to Sherman at Appomattox.

Battle of Appomattox Court House• Fought on the morning of April 9th, 1865 near Wilmer McLean’s house

• Last campaign for Richmond, Virginia• One of the last battles of the Civil War• Confederate States Army General Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia vs. Lt. Gen. Grant’s Union Army.

• The Union wins!

Left: The comparison between the size of both armies at Battle of Appomattox.

Above: Wilmer McLean’s House in Appomattox, Virginia

Tactics• General Lee made final attempt to reach supplies at Lynchburg and escape Lt. Gen. Grant after surrounding Lee at Battle of Appomattox Station.

• Confederates advanced on Sheridan’s cavalry but reinforcements cornered them.

• Lee was surrounded on three sides.

Surrendering April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House

After Lee surrendered because he was cornered, they met in McLean’s parlor and discussed the army’s fate:

• No one imprisoned• Extra food rations• Allowed to keep and take home horses and mules.• Released to observe paroles and keep away from other conflicts, and won’t be disturbed by U.S. authority.

The Surrender and Signing of Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant in Wilmer McLean’s house

Intro to The Reconstruction Era• 1865-1877• Under the new leadership of Andrew Johnson

• The reconstruction of the south after the civil war and the organization of some four million newly freed slaves into the workforce.

• Radical Reconstruction; 1867

Questions?