The Roaring ’20s and The Roaring ’20s and the Great Depressionthe Great Depression

Chapter 20-23Chapter 20-23

SSUSHS

• SSUSH16 The student will identify key developments in the aftermath of WW I.

• a. Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States led to the Red Scare and immigrant restriction. (20.1)

• b. Identify Henry Ford, mass production, and the automobile. (17.1, 20.3)

• c. Describe the impact of radio and the movies. (21.3, 23.4)

• d. Describe modern forms of cultural expression; include Louis Armstrong and the origins of jazz, Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance, Irving Berlin, and Tin Pan Alley. (21.4)

SSUSHS

• SSUSH17 The student will analyze the causes and consequences of the Great Depression.

• a. Describe the causes, including overproduction, underconsumption, and stock market speculation that led to the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression. (20.1, 22.1)

• b. Explain factors (include over-farming and climate) that led to the Dust Bowl and the resulting movement and migration west. (22.2)

• c. Explain the social and political impact of widespread unemployment that resulted in developments such as Hoovervilles. (22.2-3)

SSUSHS• SSUSH18 The student will describe Franklin

Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the depression and compare the ways governmental programs aided those in need.

• a. Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a works program and as an effort to control the environment. (23.1, 23.5)

• b. Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism. (23.2)

• c. Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as a part of the second New Deal. (23.2, 23.5)

• d. Identify Eleanor Roosevelt as a symbol of social progress and women’s activism. (23.1-3)

• e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “court packing bill,” and the Neutrality Act. (23.1-2, 23.5, 24.1)

GPS Words to Know• Communism Dust Bowl• Socialism Hoovervilles• The Red Scare Migration• Henry Ford New Deal• Mass Production Franklin D. Roosevelt• Radio Tennessee Valley Authority• The Movies Wagner Act• Jazz Unionism• Louis Armstrong Social Security Act• Langston Hughes Eleanor Roosevelt• Harlem Renaissance Huey Long• Irving Berlin “Court Packing Bill”• Tin Pan Alley The Neutrality Act• Stock Market• Stock Market crash of 1929• The Great Depression

Politics of the Roaring Twenties

Chapter 20

Section 1—America Struggles with Post War Issues

The Effects of Peace on the Public• War leaves Americans exhausted • Economy adjusting: cost of living doubles; farm, factory orders down

- Returning soldiers face unemployment or took their old

jobs away from women/minorities • Nativism—prejudice against foreign-

born people—sweeps nation• Isolationism—pulling away from world affairs—becomes popular

Fear of CommunismThe Red ScareThe Red Scare• Communism—economic, political

system, single-party government- ruled by dictator- no private property

• 1919 Vladimir Lenin, Bolsheviks, set up Communist state in Russia

• U.S. Communist Party forms• Bombs mailed to government,

businesses; people fear Red conspiracy

• Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer takes action with Palmer Raids-hunts down Communists, anarchists

RED SCARE

• Fear led to the

government looking

for suspected

Communists and

Socialists

Limiting Immigration: Keep America for

AmericansAnti-Immigrant Attitudes• Nativists believe: fewer

unskilled jobs available, fewer immigrants needed

• Many think immigrant anarchists and socialists are Communist

The Quota System• sets maximum number can

enter U.S. from each country

• 1924-Limited people from eastern and southern Europe

Racial Tension• White soldiers returning compete w/ African

Americans for jobs, housing.• Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan becomes national force

targets blacks, immigrants, Jews, Catholics, Communists

We interrupt this program for the special question….

The growth of The growth of communismcommunism in in the United States during the the United States during the early 1900’s early 1900’s directly led todirectly led to: :

A. A reform of labor lawsB. A restriction of immigrationC. An extreme decline in

nationalismD.An increase in public support of

unions

Section 3-The impact of the Automobile

• During the 1920s, Americans enjoyed a new standard of living. Wages increased and work hours decreased.

• Mass production or large-scale product manufacturing usually done by machinery, increased the supply of goods and decreased costs.

• The assembly line, used by carmaker Henry Ford, greatly increased manufacturing efficiency by dividing up operations into simple tasks that unskilled workers could perform.

Henry Ford

• Ford changed American life with his affordable automobiles. Small businesses— garages, gas stations opened. The isolation of rural life ended. People could live farther away from work-creating the auto commuter.

The Model T

"People can have the Model T in any color – so long as it’s "People can have the Model T in any color – so long as it’s black." –Henry Fordblack." –Henry Ford

Superficial Prosperity

Production And Buying Goods On Credit

• During the 1920s, as workers produced more goods, businesses grew

• To sell the overproductionoverproduction of goods, Installment PlanInstallment Plan encouraged—buy goods on credit, pay over a period of time at low interest rate– Aimed to solve problem of

underconsumptionunderconsumption=consumers’ reluctance to buy products

– Americans start spending more than they have…

The Roaring Life of the 1920s

Chapter 21

Section 1-The Prohibition Experiment and Organized Crime

(Pgs. 642-643)Passage of Prohibition (18th Amend)

Saloons closed

Public arrest for drunkenness down

No money for enforcement

Illegal alcohol production (bootleggers, speakeasies)

Organized crime increases (Al Capone)

Prohibition repealed (21st Am)

Cities struggle with prohibition and organized crime

Section 2The Twenties Woman

How have women’s clothing changed!

• 1800s 1900s

The New Woman

Let’s Watch Bernice Bobs Her Hair

• Read page 664 for background information and copy the quiz.

1. Title of film?2. Time Period? 3. Who is the author? 4. What is the social class of the main characters?

poormiddle classrich

5. How does the main character reflect the time period? Cite examples6. What is a modern woman?7. Explain how Bernice has the last laugh?8. How does the film relate to Chapter 21?

Section 3—Impact of Radio and the Movies

• 2 important developments of the 1920s-RadioRadio and MoviesMovies– Radio unites the nation and gives

political leaders direct access to the people

– KDKA-first commercial radio station– Movies: Silent pictures then movies

with sound (talkies) appear on big screen

– Movies help define national culture: people copy movie stars looks, clothes, cars

Radio and Movies

Did You Know?• During the 1920s, cosmetic sales soared as women

tried to copy the look of Hollywood movie stars. The average American woman used about one pound of face powder a year.

Section 4 –The Harlem Renaissance

• In New York City’s neighborhood of HarlemHarlem, African Americans created literary and artistic work that demonstrated racial pride and a sense of community. This became known as the Harlem Renaissance

• Langston Hughes’s poems

describe difficult lives of working class African Americans (P.665)

- many written in jazz, blues tempo

African Americans and the Jazz Age

• JazzJazz becomes popular form of music after WWI out of New Orleans (mixes ragtime and blues)

• Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong, a trumpeter & singer, among most famous jazz musicians

• Jazz crosses boundaries-black and whites both love it

• In Harlem’s Cotton Club, famous African American musicians like Duke Ellington got their start

Louis Armstrong

Musicians and Writers

Tin Pan AlleyTin Pan Alley

• Tin Pan Alley is the nickname given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters in the late 1890s.

• Irving Berlin was a Jewish American songwriter– Berlin eventually composed over

3,000 songs, many of which (e.g. "God Bless America", "White Christmas", "Anything You Can Do", "There's No Business Like Show Business")

The Great The Great Depression Depression

BeginsBegins

Chapter 22Chapter 22

Warm upWarm up

• The year is 1929. The year is 1929. • The US economy has collapsed. The US economy has collapsed. • Farms and businesses are failing Farms and businesses are failing

everywhere, causing massive everywhere, causing massive unemployment and poverty. unemployment and poverty.

• You are out of work with little You are out of work with little prospect of finding a job. prospect of finding a job.

• What would you do to feed your What would you do to feed your family?family?

The Nation’s Sick EconomyThe Nation’s Sick EconomyRead pages 670-673Read pages 670-673

Describe each area of the economy Describe each area of the economy that helped cause the Great that helped cause the Great

Depression on the chart.Depression on the chart.

IndustryIndustry AgricultuAgriculturere

ConsumConsumerer

SpendinSpendingg

DistributioDistributionn

of wealthof wealth

Stock Stock MarketMarket

Section 1-Causes of the Great Depression

• Overproduction/Underconsumption led to falling prices

• Consumerism-spending more than you save (installment plans)

• Buying risky stocks on speculation and “Buying on the Margin”

• Stock Market Crash of 1929 ("Black Tuesday”)

The Great Depression and the Stock Market

• Great Depression=period from 1929-1940 in which the economy plummeted and unemployment soared

• Speculation- buying stocks on the chance of a quick profit, ignoring the risks

• Buying on the Margin-paying a small percentage of a stock’s price as a down payment and borrowing the rest

The Great Depression and the Stock Market

• Stock Market Crash of October 2929, 1929-prices drop, people who bought stock on margin or speculation lose everything!– Was not the only cause, but

marks the beginning of the Great Depression

• Banks and businesses fail, jobs lost, and the world suffers– Unemployment goes from 3% in

1929 to 25% in 1933– By 1933, 11,000 of the nation’s

25,000 banks had closed

Hoover #31 RepublicanHoover #31 Republican

Section 2-3—Hardship and Suffering during the

Depression• Homeless built shacks in Shantytowns, which they

referred to as “Hoovervilles” because they blamed President Hoover for their financial trouble.

• Soup kitchens and breadlines- provided free food.

• Farmers: In 1932, A terrible drought in the Great Plains, caused the region to become a “ Dustbowl”– Farmers also overfarmed the land and grasslands not

suitable for farming– 1,000s of farmers pack up and move west to CA

Pictures of the Depression

Shanty Towns-Hoovervilles

Images from the Depression

The New DealThe New Deal

Chapter 23Chapter 23

Warm up-The New Deal• The administration of FDR was often

referred to as the “Alphabet Soup Alphabet Soup AdministrationAdministration” because it created many new, acronym friendly gov’t agencies, including the CCCCCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) and the WPAWPA (Works Progress Administration).

• Look on P. 706P. 706 and list three three more agencies and what their purposepurpose was.

Section 1—A New Deal Helps Fight Depression

• In 1932, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) becomes president

• The New Deal was the name that FDR gave to his package of economic programs to help the Depression.

• The New Deal had 3 goals—3 R’s: – giving Relief to the unemployed

and badly hurt farmers – Reform of business and financial

practices – promoting Recovery of the

economy• The First Hundred Days of his

administration FDR pushes programs through

New Deal-Alphabet Soup…

First New Deal: Tennessee Valley Authority

• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – Helped depressed Tennessee River Valley

area– Renovated 5 dams & built 20 new dams

• Created 1,000s of jobs,• Provided cheap electricity for rural areas in

South• Provided flood control, hydroelectric power

• Take a look at P. 726-727hydrodam.pdf

Challenges to FDR’s New Deal & his Court Packing Bill

• The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937, (court-packing bill), was an attempt by FDR to add more justices to the Supreme Court to swing more support in favor of New Deal programs– It would have granted

the President power to appoint 6 new Supreme Court justices

– Congress protests bill and strikes it down

Challenges to FDR: Huey Long

• Senator Huey Pierce Huey Pierce LongLong (The Kingfish) challenges FDR’s New Deal with his own social program “Share-Our-Wealth”– Disagrees with deficit

spending– Wants to run for

president– Long is assassinated in

1935

Senator Huey Long of Louisiana (March 7, 1935).

Section 2-The Second New Deal Takes Hold

First lady Eleanor Eleanor Roosevelt Roosevelt

• She supported the New Deal policies of her husband, FDR, and assumed a role as an advocate for civil rights for women and minorities

• She urged the President to appoint women to gov’t positions

Improving Labor Conditions

The Wagner Act The Wagner Act (National (National Labor Relations Act)Labor Relations Act)

• Protects the right of workers to join unions and collective bargaining with employers

• Prohibits unfair labor practices such as threatening workers, firing union members, stopping union organizing

• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) set up to hear unfair practices

• Fair Labor Standards Act sets max working hours—40 hrs a week and minimum wage

The Second New Deal—The Social Security Act

• 1935, Social Security Act creates Social Security system; provides:

- insurance for retirees 65 or older- unemployment compensation- aid to disabled, families with children