The Restless Continents

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGcDed4xVD4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Have you ever looked at a map of the world?

O Did you notice how the coastlines of continents on opposite sides of the oceans appear to fit together like the pieces of a puzzle?

Is this a coincidence?O How is it that the coastlines fit

together so well?

O Is it possible that the continents were actually together sometime in the past?

Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis

O One Scientist who looked at the pieces of this puzzle was Alfred Wegener in the early 1900’s

O He wrote about his hypothesis: Continental Drift

Continental DriftO The hypothesis

that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.

Continental Drift explained a few puzzling questions

O Why do the continents seem to fit together like a giant puzzle?

O Why are fossils of the same plant and animal species found on continents that are on different sides of the Atlantic Ocean?O Mesosaurus – SA, AfricaO Glossopterous –Antartica,

Africa, AustraliaO Why are rocks with different

magnetic alignments found in the same place (paleomagnetism)?

The HypothesisO Wegener made many

observations before proposing his hypothesis of continental drift.

O He thought that all the present continents were once joined in a single, huge continent called Pangaea

PangaeaO “Pangaea” means “all

earth”O It existed about 245

million years agoO It split into two huge

continents about 180 million years ago

O LaurasiaO GondwanaO These two continents split

again about 65 million years ago to form the continents we know today

But Wegener’s theory of continental drift was not widely accepted during his lifetime….O Many scientists would not accept his

hypothesis.O They said that the calculated

strength of the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust would not allow the crust to move in that way.

O Many years later, other evidences were presented that supported his theory.

What do you think…O Our continents will look like in the

future?

O Will we move back together?

O Will we be further apart?

O What evidence will future scientists use to show our current day locations?

Demonstration of Sea Floor Spreading

O Fold your 1 meter of paper in half to form a “V”

O Slide the paper between two tables. Have them close enough to grip the paper, but far enough apart so that the paper can slide through the crack.

O Using the ruler, slide the paper out 10 cm one each side.

O Draw a vertical line on the paper at the table’s crack. Label this area “1” on both sides of the paper

O Measure out 10 more cm, draw your line and label this area “2”on both sides of the paper

O Continue this until you have 5 sections on each side

The Restless Planet: Sea Floor

SpreadingUnit 2: Sixth Grade

So what did Wegener believe was moving the continents?

O Sea-floor Spreading !O It was proposed that as the tectonic plates

move apart, it creates a rift that allows magma to rise to the surface of the ocean floor and solidifies.O Mid-Ocean ridges are places where sea-floor

spreading takes placeO Mid-Atlantic Ridge

O This creates new crust in that area, further pushing the continents apart.

O Evidence: older crust is farther away from the mid-ocean ridge than newer crust is.

Sea-Floor Spreadinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyMLlLxbfa4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

DebateO We will be debating the most compelling evidence

to support the theory of continental drift.O There will be three groups.

O Group 1: Fossil SimilaritiesO Group 2: Landform SimilaritiesO Group 3: Sea Floor Spreading

O You will have 20 minutes to form your argument.O Use notes, ITs, netbooks to find infoO Write your points on the construction paper as bullets

O Groups will then present their arguments to the class

Other evidence to support continental drift

O Stratigraphy: studying the layers of the Earth, showed that the geologic columns in Antarctica and India were similar

O Glaciation: Glacial deposits in Canada were also found in India and southern Africa

O Marine CoralsO Mountain Belts: ancient mountains in

South Africa and near Buenos Aires, Argentina align when the two continents are fitted together.

More evidence to support Sea-Floor Spreading

O Magnetic ReversalsO Throughout Earth’s history, the north and south

poles have changed places many times.O The molten rock at the mid-ocean ridges contains

tiny grains of magnetic minerals.O They act as compasses, lining up with the

magnetic field of the Earth.O When the magma cools, these tiny compasses are

preserved in the rock.O When the poles reverse, the mineral grains are

aligned in with the “incorrect” pole.O Paleomagetism

Magnetic Reversals