The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

The Medieval Catholic Church The Medieval Catholic Church (500-1500 AD)(500-1500 AD)

Church-only way to Church-only way to being saved and going being saved and going to heaven was through to heaven was through the the Roman Catholic Roman Catholic ChurchChurch

However, with the new However, with the new ideas of Renaissance ideas of Renaissance humanism people humanism people within and outside the within and outside the church began to church began to questionquestion the Church’s the Church’s teachings and practicesteachings and practices

The Medieval Catholic The Medieval Catholic ChurchChurch

Popes and monarchs Popes and monarchs (kings and queens) were in (kings and queens) were in a a power strugglepower struggle

Italian Papal states fought Italian Papal states fought against France, Spain, against France, Spain, Naples and Venice and the Naples and Venice and the German-ruled Holy Roman German-ruled Holy Roman EmpireEmpire

One One Pope Julius IIPope Julius II actually rode into battle actually rode into battle against a French king and against a French king and wore a suit of armor as the wore a suit of armor as the head of the Papal armieshead of the Papal armies

Popes would Popes would excommunicate excommunicate kings kings and queens as way to keep and queens as way to keep power power over themover them

Corruption in the Medieval Corruption in the Medieval Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Anger against the Anger against the Church got to the point Church got to the point where the French where the French kidnappedkidnapped the 86- the 86-year-old Pope year-old Pope Boniface VIIBoniface VII –he died –he died from the traumafrom the trauma

French set up the French set up the papacy in papacy in AvignonAvignon (SE (SE France)-Babylonian France)-Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchCaptivity of the Church

Medieval Church AbusesMedieval Church Abuses

PriestsPriests supposed to be educated, but many supposed to be educated, but many could could notnot read or write read or write

Priests and nuns Priests and nuns having sexhaving sex with each with each other and with parishionersother and with parishioners Popes raised Popes raised illegitimateillegitimate children children (Innocent VII and Alexander VI)(Innocent VII and Alexander VI)

Bishops and cardinals Bishops and cardinals lived liveslived lives of of luxuryluxury-(gold robes and sumptuous meals) -(gold robes and sumptuous meals) while the common people were desperately while the common people were desperately poorpoor

More Church Abuses and More Church Abuses and Corrupt PracticesCorrupt Practices

In order to help pay for In order to help pay for their extravagant their extravagant lifestyles, church leaders lifestyles, church leaders came up with some came up with some corruptcorrupt practices practices

Church charged money for Church charged money for people to see holy relics- people to see holy relics- Mary’s “Mary’s “breast milkbreast milk”, ”, fragments of Jesus’ cross, fragments of Jesus’ cross, straw from straw from Jesus’ Jesus’ mangermanger, Moses burning , Moses burning bushbush

SimonySimony- church positions - church positions went to highest bidderwent to highest bidder

Mary’s “Breast Mary’s “Breast Milk’Milk’

The most controversial and The most controversial and corrupt Practice- corrupt Practice- Selling of Selling of

IndulgencesIndulgences Started in 1200sStarted in 1200s ChristiansChristians would pay would pay

money to church money to church officials to have their officials to have their sins forgivensins forgiven, get , get time off from time off from purgatory and then purgatory and then get to heavenget to heaven

Some priests even had Some priests even had some of their people some of their people paying paying for for dead dead familyfamily members to members to get to heaven get to heaven

Early Calls for ReformEarly Calls for Reform

Who were some of the first to Who were some of the first to speak out against the church speak out against the church

corruption and teachings?corruption and teachings?

John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe Thought Christians Thought Christians

didn’t need the Church didn’t need the Church or sacraments or sacraments (communion, baptism, (communion, baptism, etc.) to achieve etc.) to achieve salvationsalvation

Regarded Regarded BibleBible as most as most important important sourcesource of of religious authorityreligious authority

Completed Completed first first translationtranslation of the Bible of the Bible into our into our EnglishEnglish languagelanguage

Outcome: the Church Outcome: the Church persecuted his followers persecuted his followers as heretics as heretics

Jan Huss of the Czech Jan Huss of the Czech RepublicRepublic CriticizedCriticized the the

wealthwealth of the of the churchchurch

Believed that Believed that religious servicesreligious services should be held in should be held in language of the language of the common people, not common people, not LatinLatin

Spoke out against Spoke out against the indulgencesthe indulgences

Result: he was burned Result: he was burned alive at the alive at the stakestake

Saint Catherine of Siena, Saint Catherine of Siena, ItalyItaly Mystic and Mystic and nunnun- belief - belief

that any Christian that any Christian could experience could experience GodGod on their own through on their own through prayer and direct prayer and direct meditation in God’s meditation in God’s presencepresence

Viewed as a Viewed as a threat threat because she taught because she taught that the Church was that the Church was unnecessary for a unnecessary for a fulfilling lifefulfilling life

Result: she actually lived Result: she actually lived a long life and many in a long life and many in the church secretly the church secretly followed her teachingsfollowed her teachings

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Who was Martin Luther?Who was Martin Luther?

German Catholic German Catholic monkmonk, turned , turned priest turned priest turned protestant ministerprotestant minister

Left the church and Left the church and got marriedgot married

Founder of the Founder of the LutheransLutherans

Why did he protest?Why did he protest?

Being Being savedsaved is not by is not by being good, but by being good, but by faithfaith in Jesus’ death in Jesus’ death and resurrection and resurrection (redemption)(redemption)

ForgivenessForgiveness of sins of sins should be by one’s should be by one’s own personal own personal confessionconfession directly to directly to God by His mercy, not God by His mercy, not confession to priestconfession to priest

Angered by the sale of Angered by the sale of indulgencesindulgences

How did Luther’s criticisms expand How did Luther’s criticisms expand into an effort to form a new into an effort to form a new

church?church? Wrote the Wrote the 95 Theses95 Theses to to start debate on Church start debate on Church corruption and question corruption and question church teachingschurch teachings

He Said:He Said: Church congregations Church congregations

should be able to choose should be able to choose their their own ministersown ministers

WorshipingWorshiping saints and saints and the Virgin Mary was the Virgin Mary was sinfulsinful

Church Services and the Church Services and the Bible should be in one’s Bible should be in one’s own language, own language, not Latinnot Latin

Let the priests get Let the priests get marriedmarried

Luther’s Ideas Spread Luther’s Ideas Spread Throughout EuropeThroughout Europe

What other groups separated What other groups separated from the Catholic Church and from the Catholic Church and

formed new religions?formed new religions?

What allowed for Luther’s What allowed for Luther’s ideas to spread so quickly?ideas to spread so quickly?

Many leaders Many leaders wanted to escape wanted to escape the power of the the power of the churchchurch

People tired of People tired of corruptioncorruption

Rising literacy rates Rising literacy rates and the invention of and the invention of the the printing pressprinting press allowed for rapid allowed for rapid spread of spread of ideasideas

AnabaptistsAnabaptists In 1525 founded by In 1525 founded by GermansGermans

and Swiss who wanted to take and Swiss who wanted to take Luther’s ideas even fartherLuther’s ideas even farther

Christians should not be Christians should not be baptized until baptized until adulthoodadulthood

True Christians should go off True Christians should go off and live and live separatelyseparately and be and be pacifists (peace, no war)pacifists (peace, no war)

In the Netherlands, In the Netherlands, Menno Menno SimonsSimons, gave up his position , gave up his position as a priest in the Catholic as a priest in the Catholic church, and embraced the church, and embraced the Anabaptist beliefs. In 1676, Anabaptist beliefs. In 1676, his followers became the his followers became the MennonitesMennonites..

Jacob Jacob AmmanAmman broke away broke away from the Mennonites and from the Mennonites and formed the formed the AmishAmish

The Amish, Mennonites and The Amish, Mennonites and Brethren came from Brethren came from Anabaptism- many of whom Anabaptism- many of whom fled to fled to AmericaAmerica

Anglicans (1534)Anglicans (1534) Founded by Founded by King Henry King Henry

VIIIVIII of England of England Henry was angry at Pope Henry was angry at Pope

Clement VII’s decision not to Clement VII’s decision not to grant him a grant him a divorcedivorce from from Queen Catherine of AragonQueen Catherine of Aragon

Believed the King, not the Believed the King, not the pope, was the pope, was the supreme supreme religiousreligious authority in authority in EnglandEngland

Broke away from the Broke away from the catholic church, but beliefs catholic church, but beliefs kept very similarkept very similar

Formed the Formed the Church of Church of England (The Anglicans)England (The Anglicans) in America it branched off in America it branched off into Episcopalian, Methodist, into Episcopalian, Methodist, and the and the WesleyanWesleyan churches churches

CalvinistsCalvinists Founded in 1546 by Founded in 1546 by John John

CalvinCalvin in in GenevaGeneva, , SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Believed in Believed in predestination-predestination-God had predetermined God had predetermined before creation who would be before creation who would be savedsaved

Believed a disciplined and Believed a disciplined and strict life were for those who strict life were for those who were chosen by Godwere chosen by God

Ideas popular in France, Ideas popular in France, Holland, Scotland and EnglandHolland, Scotland and England

BaptistsBaptists, Pentecostals, , Pentecostals, Assemblies of God, Church of Assemblies of God, Church of God, God, PresbyteriansPresbyterians and the and the Church of Christ came from Church of Christ came from CalvinismCalvinism

The Catholic Church’s The Catholic Church’s Response to the Response to the

ReformationReformation

Catholic Church Changes Catholic Church Changes (sort of)-The Catholic (sort of)-The Catholic

ReformationReformationPositive changes:Positive changes: MissionaryMissionary work by the Jesuits- spread work by the Jesuits- spread

message of Christ into Asia, Africa and message of Christ into Asia, Africa and the Americasthe Americas

Outlawed Outlawed simony and indulgencessimony and indulgences Got Got rid rid of immoral priests and nunsof immoral priests and nunsBut….But….• The The InquisitionInquisition (1542)-imprisoned, (1542)-imprisoned,

exiled or executed those who had exiled or executed those who had “heretical views”“heretical views”

Still Still BibleBible and Church service should be and Church service should be in in Latin onlyLatin only

Censored (1539) the Protestant Bibles Censored (1539) the Protestant Bibles and writings of scientists like and writings of scientists like Copernicus and GalileoCopernicus and Galileo

This is the Catholic church in Philadelphia This is the Catholic church in Philadelphia where I was baptized as a baby. My parents where I was baptized as a baby. My parents

left when I was 6 and we became left when I was 6 and we became

ProtestantsProtestants