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The Profile of the The Profile of the Suicide Terrorist: Suicide Terrorist:
An Empirical An Empirical Analysis of Analysis of Palestinian Palestinian
Terrorism in IsraelTerrorism in Israel
Suicide Terrorism - Suicide Terrorism - DefinitionDefinition
Operational method in which Operational method in which the very definition of the the very definition of the attack is dependent upon the attack is dependent upon the death of the perpetrator.death of the perpetrator.
Suicide Terrorism - Suicide Terrorism - AdvantagesAdvantages
The terrorist himself chooses the time and The terrorist himself chooses the time and place of action, according to the prevailing place of action, according to the prevailing circumstances.circumstances.
Simple and low cost operation - requiring Simple and low cost operation - requiring no escape routes or complicated rescue no escape routes or complicated rescue operations.operations.
There is no danger of the terrorist being There is no danger of the terrorist being captured and giving away important captured and giving away important information.information.
Immense impact on the public and the Immense impact on the public and the media.media.
Comparative and Comparative and Theoretical AspectsTheoretical Aspects
Suicide TerrorismSuicide Terrorism In the PalestinianIn the Palestinian
context most terrorists context most terrorists are males, but are males, but regarding the LTTA regarding the LTTA and the PKK they are and the PKK they are mostly females. mostly females. (Gunartana, 2000).(Gunartana, 2000).
The age of the terrorists The age of the terrorists is between 17-27. (Joshi, is between 17-27. (Joshi, 2000).2000).
Non-Suicide TerrorismNon-Suicide Terrorism Terrorists are both Terrorists are both
male and female male and female (Miller, 1977)(Miller, 1977)
Left-wing terrorists are Left-wing terrorists are mostly young, whereas mostly young, whereas in the right-wing, age in the right-wing, age is more varied is more varied (Neidhart, 1992). (Neidhart, 1992).
Comparative and Comparative and Theoretical AspectsTheoretical Aspects
Mostly unmarried Mostly unmarried and religious. and religious. (Ganor, 2000)(Ganor, 2000)
Low SES (Ergil, Low SES (Ergil, 2000)2000)
In the Palestinian In the Palestinian context most context most terrorists are terrorists are fundamentalists, fundamentalists, but in the PKK and but in the PKK and the LTTE all are the LTTE all are nationalists. ( Joshi, nationalists. ( Joshi, 2000; Ergil, 2000)2000; Ergil, 2000)
Mostly Mostly unmarried and unmarried and secular. (Miller, secular. (Miller, 1977)1977)
Partial university Partial university education and education and upper class upper class families. (Miller, families. (Miller, 1977)1977)
Marxist and Marxist and revolutionary revolutionary ideologies. ideologies. (Miller, 1977).(Miller, 1977).
HypothesesHypothesesH1H1- The suicide terrorist is expected to be - The suicide terrorist is expected to be unmarried and significantly younger, unmarried and significantly younger,
compared to the compared to the non suicide terrorist.non suicide terrorist.
H2H2- The SES of suicide terrorist is expected to be - The SES of suicide terrorist is expected to be significantly lower than that of non suicide significantly lower than that of non suicide terrorist.terrorist.
H3H3- The suicide terrorist is expected to have a - The suicide terrorist is expected to have a more more
religious background (religious education and religious background (religious education and
ideology) than the non suicide terrorist.ideology) than the non suicide terrorist.
MethodMethod
All the events that were included All the events that were included are defined as acts of violence that are defined as acts of violence that had a political goal or context and had a political goal or context and intend to create fear and threat. intend to create fear and threat.
The data base includes 80 suicide The data base includes 80 suicide terrorists and 663 non suicide terrorists and 663 non suicide terrorists. terrorists.
Data was collected mainly from the Data was collected mainly from the “Ha’aretz” daily and coded into a “Ha’aretz” daily and coded into a statistical software (SPSS). statistical software (SPSS).
The Growth in Suicide The Growth in Suicide Terrorism (1993-2002)Terrorism (1993-2002)
02468
10121416
JanJ
une
1993
July
-Dec
199
3
Jan-J
une
1994
July
-Dec
199
4
Jan-J
une
1995
July
-Dec
199
5
JanJ
une
1996
July
-Dec
199
6
Jan-J
une
1997
July
-Dec
199
7
Jan-J
une
1998
July
-Dec
199
8
Jan-J
une
1999
July
-Dec
199
9
Jan-J
une
2000
July
-Dec
200
0
Jan-J
une
2001
July
-Dec
200
1
Jan-F
eb 2
002
Percentage of bombs Percentage of bombs carried on the body / carried on the body /
carried by car carried by car
carried on body77%
car23%
Against which targets do Against which targets do suicide attacks take placesuicide attacks take place??
shopping centers
38%
public transportation
30%
bus/railway stations
23%
non-urban targets
9%
Gender of TerroristGender of Terrorist
99%
1%
97%
3%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
suicide non suicide
Male Female
Age of TerroristAge of Terrorist
36%
53%47%
35%
17%12%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
16-21 22-27 30-
suicide non suicide
Terrorist’s Type of Terrorist’s Type of EducationEducation
17%
36%
83%
64%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
secular education religious education
suicide non suicide
Terrorist’s IdeologyTerrorist’s Ideology
76%
21%
9%
32%
1%
36%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
religious nationalist left-national
suicide non suicide
Terrorist Organizational Terrorist Organizational AffiliationAffiliation
6,5% 15%
54%
39%
32%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
PLO Hamas PIJ
suicide non suicide
Terrorist’s Marital StatusTerrorist’s Marital Status
84% 80%
16% 20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
unmarried married
suicide non suicide
Previous Experience in Previous Experience in Terrorist ActivityTerrorist Activity
80%
65%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
suicide non suicide
Socio Economic Status of the Socio Economic Status of the Terrorist’s Place of Residence Terrorist’s Place of Residence
(average on 1-10 scale)(average on 1-10 scale)
5,78
6
5,65
5,7
5,75
5,8
5,85
5,9
5,95
6
suicide non suicide
One Way Analysis of One Way Analysis of Variance of Research Variance of Research
VariablesVariablesResearch Variables
F / Chi-Square
Sig.
Age 3.048.083Gender .533.466Ideology30.465.000SES 5.012.026Marital Status8.733.002First Event 2.096.149Level Of Education
.701.409
Type Of Education
3.325.05