Upload
benita
View
57
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The Persian Wars. Wars between Greeks and Persians in 5 th century BC Roughly from 492 – 448 BC Two main invasions of Greece by Achaemenid kings of Persia Herodotus – primary historian. Map pf Persian Empire. Battle of Marathon. Ionian revolt and other battles - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Persian Wars
• Wars between Greeks and Persians in 5th century BC
• Roughly from 492 – 448 BC• Two main invasions of Greece by
Achaemenid kings of Persia• Herodotus – primary historian
Map pf Persian Empire
Battle of Marathon
• Ionian revolt and other battles• 490 BC - Darius I “The Great” sent about
25,000 men to plains of Marathon• Darius preceded by Cyrus the Great and
Cambyses• 10,000 Athenians and Plataeans under
Callinachus and Miltiades• First victory for Greeks
Battle at Thermopylae
• 480 BC• Xerxes – King of Persia, son of Darius I• 70,000 Persians bridged the Hellespont• 10,000 “Immortals”• Themistocles led navy at Athens• Athens and Sparta form alliance• Decide to defend at Thermopylae• Leonidas I and 300 Spartans and 1000 Boetians
Map of Thermopylae invasion
Battle of Salamis, also 480 BC
• Athens evacuated after Thermopylae• Athens burned• Navy waiting around island Salamis• Themistocles’ ruse• Confined waters around Salamis• Egyptians, Phoenecians, Ionian Greeks• 40 Greek ships lost, 200 Persian ships lost• Queen Artemisia of Halicarnassus
Map of Battle of Salamis
Battle of Plataea, 479 BC
• Xerxes I had left a land army under Mardonius • Spartans and Athenians rode up • Met at isthmus of Corinth• Mardonius fled
The Delian League, 478 BC
• Ionian city-states joined for mutual protection• Treasuary on island of Delos, Aristides leads
Athens• Athens in charge due to naval supremacy• Pericles leads Athens during Golden Age• Parthenon, Long Walls built• Sparta captures Athens in 404 BC
Peloponnesian Wars
• Begins in 431 BC between Athens and Sparta• 429 BC – Pericles dies of plague• Three stage war• Most of Delian League sided with Sparta• 404 BC – Sparta wins war with defeat of Athenian
navy at Aegospotami by Lysander with help from Persia
• Lysander installs 30 rulers at Athens, later known as the “30 Tyrants”
The Thirty Tyrants
• Spartan hegemony• Long Walls destroyed• Athenian oligarchy appointed by Sparta led by
Critias• Leading democrats exiled• Council of 500 were the judiciary• Only 3000 Athenian had citizenship• Many sentenced to hemlock
End of Thirty Tyrants
• Other city-states helped exiled democrats• Retook Piraeus by force• Sparta did not come to help• Democracy restored in 403 BC
Rise of Macedonia
• Philip II