The Original Terms for Describing Ethernet - TERENA · 2 Nortel Confidential Information Carrier Ethernet Overview Gerard Jacobs Senior Solutions Architect November 2007

1 Nortel Confidential Information

This diagram was hand drawn by Robert M. Metcalfe and photographed by Dave R. Boggs in 1976 to produce a 35mm slide used to present Ethernet to the National Computer

Conference in June of that year

The Original Terms for Describing Ethernet


Carrier Ethernet OverviewGerard JacobsSenior Solutions Architect

November 2007

Agenda

> Why Ethernet? > Carrier Ethernet (IEEE802.1ah PBB)> Ethernet Standard Status> Provider Backbone Transport (IEEE802.1Qay PBB-TE)> Summary


>It is rapidly becoming the link layer of choice…everywhere!>Far faster than we would have predicted

>Alignment of consumer, enterprise and carrier food chains>Ruthlessly specified, commoditized and ubiquitous

>Ethernet inherently is more capable than other L1/2/3 technologies

>All other modes of connectivity can be derived from basic Ethernet behavior of “broadcast and filter”

>AND . . . it can be made to address carrier concerns :>Complex packet technologies are difficult to integrate into an OSS, require complex configuration, and fault finding is difficult and requires skilled staff>Ethernet provides the industry best scalability and cost points

Why Ethernet?

Layer 0 – Wavelength

Layer 2 – Ethernet – PBB/PBT

Layer 3 – IP

Layer 0 – Wavelength

Layer 1 – SDH

Layer 2 – ATM, FR, Ethernet

Layer 3 - IP

Layer 1.5 – GFP, LCAS, VCAT

TODAY

Layer 2.5 – MPLS

The Nortel Network Vision

FUTUREEthernet

Agenda


Carrier Ethernet VPNs

Ethernet Considerationsin the Carrier Space:

>Scalability>Security:

>Delineation>Customer Separation>Attacks

>Reliability>QoS and SLA>OAM

HeadquartersCOMPANY B

Campus SiteCOMPANY A

Branch OfficeCOMPANY B

Branch OfficeCOMPANY B

Ethernet VPNs“Virtual Switches”

Data CenterCOMPANY A

EthernetUNI

Customer Data

Customer Data

OE Header

OE Header

Customer Data

Customer Data

SP Network

Customer Data

Customer Data

Location A Location B

Optical Ethernet UNIThe OE UNI defines attributes and properties for

connecting the user to an OE network:

> Service Delineation> Security and customer separation

Nortel’s unique OE UNI feature will enable service providersto clearly differentiate their offering in a scalable, secure fashion

> Scalability> Customer Address transparency

MiM / 802.1ah / PBB>Customer frame is transparently

tunnelled from UNI to UNI hiding customer SA in PBB network

>Customer separation based on a especial label (I-SID)

>Addressing separation:>SP core network only learns UNI MACs>No DoS or MAC explosion

CECE

PBBPBBnetworknetwork

UNIMAC=A

UNIMAC=B

X YX Y A BA B

MAC XMAC Y

DADASASA

PayloadPayload

BB--DADABB--SASABB--VIDVIDII--SIDSID

CC--VIDVIDEthertypeEthertype

EthertypeEthertype

EthertypeEthertype

EthertypeEthertype

802.1ah802.1ahProvider Provider BackboneBackboneBridgesBridges

SA = Source MAC DA = Destination MACVID = VLAN IDC-VID = Customer VIDI-SID = Service IDB-VID = Backbone VIDB-DA = Backbone DAB-SA = Backbone SA

Ethernet VPN’sNNI

Metro Ethernet

UNI

NNI

Metro Ethernet

UNINNI

E-LAN

E-TREE

E-LINE

Metro Ethernet

UNI

Agenda


Nov, 2001:Nortel Introduces PBB

2001-2004:Nortel Tops 30,000 InservicePBB Enabled Ports

July, 2004:Nortel Leads Formal IEEE PBB Project

Aug, 2005:IEEE Issues first 802.1ah PBB Draft

Sept 2005:Nortel enhanced PBB with Deterministic Engineered Circuits (PBT)

13

DraftApproved

Y.1731 Ethernet OAM MechanismsG.8031 Ethernet Protection

802.1AB Discovery802.1ad Provider Bridges 802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management 802.1ah Provider Backbone Bridges 802.1Qay PBB-TE

Standards Project Under Discussion

Standards Body

Standards Summary

PBT (IEEE802.1 Qay) on target to be standardised in 2008

Agenda



What is Provider Backbone Transport?

> A simple point-to-point Ethernet tunneling technology> Tunnels can be engineered for diversity, resiliency or load spreading> Deliver end-to end deterministic QoS> Offer 50 ms recovery

Carrier Ethernet Network

Traffic Engineered PBT Trunks

Provides “SDH like” guaranteed performance & SLAs

Provider Backbone Transport (PBT)

>Variation of IEEE 802.1ah which allows carriers to engineer deterministic point-to-point Ethernet connections through the OSS.

>Turn off specific bridging functions>No Broadcast and multicast>No MAC learning functionality>No Spanning Tree Protocol>No Flooding of unknowns

>Give control of the forwarding tables to the management plane and hence control forwarding behaviour. >If “VLAN id exists” AND “DA exists” THEN forward ELSE drop.

PBT is a solution for simple and effective traffic engineering

How Does PBT Work? Determining the path

MAC SA: PE1MAC DA: PE3VLAN 50

Nationwide Edge/Access Metro Network

PE1

PE2 PE3

End Customers

End Customers

Explicit path



Path Merge

& Traffic

Multiplex

PP

P

P P

Path diverge


PE5


Ethernet becomes Carrier Grade

>Turn off MAC learning, Broadcast Unknown and STP>Use MAC-in-MAC hierarchy to separate customers from the carrier network,>and add hierarchical dataplane OAM for instrumentation and protection.

CustomerNetwork

CustomerNetwork

Standard Ethernet UNI

MAC-in-MACencapsulation

eg Q-in-Q for core handoff


>Place under a Carrier-grade Management system>and introduce auto-discovery within the carrier network itself

Service and Network Management

CustomerNetwork

CustomerNetwork


CustomerNetwork

CustomerNetwork


>Place under a Carrier-grade Management system>and introduce auto-discovery within the carrier network itself

>Management sets up connections, populating switch bridging tables :>the VLAN tag is no longer a network global :- removes scaling issues;>VLAN tags now used to set up per destination alternate paths for protection.

>Both paths are monitored by 802.1ag control frames>if 802.1ag measures active path down, switchover to backup in 50ms

Service and Network Management

SA: PE1DA: PE3VLAN 45

SA: PE1DA: PE3VLAN 50


PE1 PE3X

PBB/PBT Mixed Mode Operation

>PBT can operate on the same network as non-PBT traffic.

>OEL2 and MIM TDIs may be configured on the same UNI

>The segmentation is done by VLAN

Industry OAM Comparison

ITU I.610

ATM

MPLS

Ethernet

Technology Options

IETF VCCV

IETF LSP Ping

ITU Y.1731

IEEE 802.1ag

ATMF Specs

Con

tinui

ty

Che

ck

Loop

back

(p

ing)

Path

/Tun

nel

Trac

e

Con

nect

ion

Trac

e

AIS

/RD

I

Perf

orm

ance

Mon

itorin

g

OA

MH

iera

rchy

Ethernet OAM

>IEEE 802.1ag:>Rapid notification of end-to-end connectivity failure.

→ Faults found & fixed quicker & more easily.>ITU-T Y.1731 measures:

>Frame delay, delay variation, frame loss>AIS

→ Diagnostics/monitoring to support premium high-QoS services>Resiliency and Protection switching (ITU G.8031):→ Provides 50ms protection switching>IEEE 802.1ab Auto-discovery→ Fast and accurate network topology view

IEEE 802.1ag - OAM Functionality

1. Continuity Check (CC)a) Multicast/unidirectional heartbeat b) Usage: Fault detection

2. Loopback – Connectivity Checka) Unicast bi-directional request/responseb) Usage: Fault verification

3. Traceroute (i.e., Link trace) a) Trace nodes in path to a specified target nodeb) Usage: Fault Isolation

4. Alarm Indication Signal (AIS): Under discussion in .1aga) Propagate data path fault notificationsb) Usage: Alarm suppression

Y.1731 Ethernet SLA

1. Performance of Service a) Frame Loss Ratio (FLR) parameter is the number of service frames

marked green on a per {VID, P, CoS} basis that are delivered by the Provider network versus the total sent.

b) Frame Delay (FD) Measurement of round trip frame delay by ultiizingthe OAM frames as defined in 802.1ag

c) Frame Delay Variation (FDV-Jitter) Measurement of delay using time stamps of consecutive OAM frames.

2. Availability of Service a) AoS is currently defined in Y.17ethoam as the amount of time that the

PoS (i.e., FLR, FD, FDV for a given service) is satisfied versus the overall period of time in service.

3. Utilization of Service a) UOS is a proposed parameter derived from the OUTOCTETS count

on a per {VID, P, CoS} basis The counter is read periodically (e.g., every second) and binned to some intermediate value (e.g., 1 minute), when an average utilization metric can be calculated

b) Usage: Tracks bandwidth usage over time, fault detection,

What Can .1ag be applied to?

> Links> PBB vlans (not shown in diagram)> PBB-TE trunks> Services (PBB-TE & non-PBB-TE exactly

the same)> At I-SID level> At client level (i.e. as customer traffic)

EdgeSwitch

EdgeSwitch

TransitSwitch

Adapt Adapt

NNILink

NNILink

UNILink

UNILink

Link OAMTrunk OAM

Service OAM (SID)

customer demarcs

Link OAM Link OAM


Provider Backbone Transport IEEE 802.1Qay PBB-TE

> Security

> MAC explosions

> Spanning Tree challenges: • Stranded bandwidth • Poor convergence

> Traffic engineering

> Customer Segregation

> Service Scalability

Ethernet Challenges: 260 Service Scalability

Full segregation in P2P model

End to End TE With QoS & 50 ms recovery

Disable STP No blocked links

Fast 802.1ag convergence

MAC Explosions Eliminated

Customer BPDUstransparently switched

Agenda



> Customer separation> Scalability – millions of unique

service instances

> Service agnostic> Connection oriented > Traffic engineering, hard QoS, 50ms> Guaranteed SLA

> Rapid resolution to network issues > Differentiated services / SLAs > Bringing operational values of

circuit-based networks to Ethernet

Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB, 802.1 ah, Mac-in-Mac)

Provider Backbone Transport(PBT)

Ethernet OAM(IEEE 802.1ag, ITU Y.1731)

Keeping Ethernet Simple & Cost Effective


Questions?

Documents

The Original Terms for Describing Ethernet - TERENA · 2 Nortel Confidential Information Carrier Ethernet Overview Gerard Jacobs Senior Solutions Architect November 2007