THE OPIUM WAR TO THE MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT 1839-1919

Qing Dynasty 1644-1911• It was old! Outdated and

hadn’t industrialized

• Foreign policy relied on the tribute system• Modified mercantilism

• Religious and culture diversity• Lead to strife and rebellion

• Confined Europeans to ports in Guangzhou

• China dictated trade and was still world’s largest economic power

The British import Chinese labor, raw materials, silk, tea, and porcelain.

The Chinese “import” British gold and silver reserves

How are the British going to reverse the flow of British money to China and create a F.B.o.T.?

GB sells opium Abused by Chinese War between GB and China And the winner is?

The Opium War

Who is going to win?

Why?

What is going to happen next?

Why?

Modernized Country vs. Traditional Country

Review of the Opium War 1839-1842

Trade imbalance

Opium is an addicting drug

Qing write GB to stop importation

Opium War breaks out

Smuggled in Opium

By 1835 12 million addicted. From 1729 to 1838 imports rose from 200 to 40,000 chests per year

GB refuse – why?

GB wins – why?

Causes Effects

Treaty of Nanjing - 1842 British receive Hong Kong

Five trading ports open

Extraterritoriality

Opium trade continues

“Unequal Treaty”

During the second half of the 19th century European exploitation continues unabated.

18421898

New foreign policies continue to exploit the Chinese

Area where a nation controlled trade and investment

Japanese and European footholds

US attempt to keep China open

China’s borders open

to merchants of all nations

Sphere of Influence Open Door Policy

What’s going on here? What are you looking at?

Who is portrayed? What is the main idea?

– Adding Insult to Injury– Open Door Policy and Spheres of Influence

AT THIS POINT IN THE STORY WHO IS GOING TO BE UPSET WITH THE STATUS QUO?

Boxer Rebellion: “Death to the foreign devils”

Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists•Nationalists attempt to kick out foreigners•Defeated by a multinational force

Result?

Qing weak and divided

Exploitation continues

Carnage of War

"The villages had been burned and looted by the allied columns, the people had fled from their homes... the banks of the Peiho were reeking with the stench from the floating bodies of dead Chinamen.“

- US Army General

WHO IS TO BLAME NOW?After the Boxer Rebellion Chinese lead a popular uprising against the Qing

• •Qing Dynasty ends

• Poor Puyi!• Dr. Sun Yet San (Sun Yixian) forms the new Republic of China• “Three Principles of the People”

• Nationalism • People’s rights (Democracy)• People’s livelihood (economy)

•

1911

A Government in Crisis – Post WWI (1917)

•Ignored at T of V

•Students revolt• Reject old customs and

ways

• Rise in revolutionary thought

• Expulsion of literati• Rise of communist thought

•Country devolving into two factions

• What two groups are going to battle for power?

Student protests at the Temple of Heaven

May Fourth Movement• Student demonstrations • Outrage at Versailles Treaty• Attempt to eliminate old customs/ways from society• First attempt to modernize • Intellectual turning point • Rise of Communist thought

The End…