THE NEXT GENERATION OF LIBRARY AUTOMATION:

NEW PRODUCTS, CONCEPTS, ARCHITECTURES, & DATA MODELS

Marshall BreedingDirector for Innovative Technology and ResearchVanderbilt University LibraryFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding29 Aug 2011 Northwestern University Library

Abstract

Marshall Breeding will describe the next generation systems library management systems, including general characteristics, architecture, and features.  He will illustrate the role of the new library services platform facilitating the interoperability of a variety of vendor products, open source systems and how they can integrate with university systems, such as human resources, financials, identity management, course management as well as other external systems (e.g. HathiTrust). Breeding will describe the difference between the cloud and on-premise installations and their relative advantages and disadvantages.

Library Technology Guides

www.librarytechnolog

y.org

Library Journal Automation Marketplace

Published annually in April 1 issue Based on data provided by each vendor Focused primarily on North America

Context of global library automation market

Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts,

minds and tech dollars 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

LJ Automation Marketplace

The New Frontier…

new phase of competition following a period of research and development that aimed to provide alternatives to libraries, both in back-end automation and end user discovery. A variety of new solutions have emerged, often representing quite different conceptual models. In a continued trend, librarians seek solutions that immediately improve the experiences of their users, especially via discovery products.

Key Context: Academic Libraries in Transition

Shift from Print > Electronic E-journal transition largely complete E-books now in play

Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases

Academic libraries seeing long-term declines in print circulation

Need better tools for managing electronic resources Need better tools for access to complex multi-format

collections Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

Key Context: Library Users in Transition

New generations of library users: Millennial generation

Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance, Not necessarily skilled at information seeking

and management Perceive themselves as competent to use

information tools without help Web savvy / Digital natives Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts Inherently collaborative work styles

Key Context: Technologies in transition

XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture Beyond Web 2.0

Integration of social computing into core infrastructure Local computing shifting to cloud platforms

Application Service Provider offerings standard New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service Move infrastructure management out of the local

premises Full spectrum of devices

full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of

device and interface cycles

Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management

Moving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata

Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed

Manage metadata in bulk when possible E-book collections

Highly shared metadata E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.

Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data Very little progress AACR2 > RDA. Will Library of Congress abandon MARC?

Phase of realignment

Strong need to realign library automation with current library realities

Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no longer in step with library priorities.

Need systems that allow libraries to allocate personnel in proper proportion to collection

Separate automation platforms for print and electronic have not proven successful

Status Quo Sustainable?

ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with

ILS) OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to

full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,

DigiTool, etc.) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library

collections No effective integration services / interoperability among

disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene

Evolutionary ILS

Revolutionary ILS

Open source and Proprietary alternatives

http://www.uoguelph.ca/theportico/science/people/

Evolutionary path

Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms

Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services SirsiDynix

Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony Innovative

INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore/Sierra Civica

Urica > Spydus(Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)

Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Millennium / Sierra, Symphony, Polaris, Aleph, Voyager BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus

Traditional Open Source ILS Evergreen, Koha

Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready) Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE, Sierra (?)

Cloud-based automation system OCLC Web-scale Management Service Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution

Competing Models of Library Automation

Rethinking library automation

Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital + Electronic

Traditional print-dominant ILS model not adequate for modern academic library realities

Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content

New discovery layer services replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS

Working toward a new model of library automation Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA

applications Comprehensive Resource Management

“It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

Open Systems

Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies

Open source Open API’s Demand for Interoperability Libraries need to do more with their

data Ability to improve customer experience

Benefits of APIs to Libraries

Extensibility Interoperability Allows the LMS to connect with other automation

components Create a matrix of interconnected systems rather

than isolated silos with redundant data and functionality

LMS maturity means similar levels of functionality LMS products increasingly differentiated by extent

and quality of APIs and interoperability support

Legacy LMS Model

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransact

User Vendor Policies$$$

Funds

Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Interfaces

BusinessLogic

DataStores

`

Legacy ILS Model / API

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransact

User Vendor Policies$$$

Funds

Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Interfaces

BusinessLogic

DataStores

Application Programming Interfaces

Legacy ILS Model / protocol

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransact

User Vendor Policies$$$

Funds

CatalogingAcquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Application Programming Interfaces

Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH

Self-Check

Self-Check

Interlibrary

LoanSystem

Interlibrary

LoanSystem

Legacy ILS Model / External API

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransact

User Vendor Policies$$$

Funds

CatalogingAcquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services

Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH

ExternalSystems

& Services

ExternalSystems

& Services

Flexible Interoperability

Legacy ILS Model / Extended Discovery

`

API Layer

LMS

Con

solid

ate

d in

dex

Search Engine

Discovery ServiceSearch:

Digital Collectio

ns

ProQuest

EBSCOhost

…JSTOR

Other Resourc

es

Con

solid

ate

d in

dex

Search Engine

Discovery ServiceSearch:

Digital Coll

ProQuest

EBSCO…

JSTOR

Other Resour

ces

New Library Management Model

`

API Layer

Library Management

System

LearningManageme

nt

LearningManageme

nt

Enterprise ResourcePlanning

Enterprise ResourcePlanning

StockManageme

nt

StockManageme

nt

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Authentication

Service

Authentication

Service

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

LMS as Middleware

LMS provides strategic core of automation

Less involved with end-user contact Discovery for Web-based collection

discovery and user services Self-service stations for loans and returns Smart-card and payment systems

Academic Library Issues

Greater concern with electronic resources

Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows

Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content

LMS / Electronic Resource Management

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransact

User Vendor Policies$$$

Funds

CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Application Programming Interfaces

`

LicenseManagement

LicenseTerms

E-resourceProcurement

VendorsE-Journal

Titles

Protocols: CORE

LMS / Electronic Resource Management

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransact

User Vendor Policies$$$

Funds

Cataloging Acquisitions Serials + e-resources

Online Catalog

Public Interfaces:

Application Programming InterfacesLicense

manager

LicenseTerms

Print +Electronic

Public Library Issues

Enhance the experience of library patrons

Management and access to physical resources

Self-service through the Web portal: View current loans, perform holds,

renewals, pay fines and fees Self-service in the physical library

RFID-based self-issue and returns Helps the library deploy service personnel

for highest impact

Library Services Platform

Possible new term for the successor to the ILS

ILS now viewed as print-centric Next Generation systems must serve as

platforms to connect external systems as well as to deliver internal functionality

Delivered Functionality + library created extensions + interoperability

Cloud Computing

Major trend in Information Technology Few organizations have core competence in

large-scale computer infrastructure management Essentially outsourcing of server housing and

management Usually based on a consumption-based business

model Most new automation products delivered through

some flavor of cloud computing Many flavors to suit business needs: public,

private, hybrid

Library Automation in the Cloud Almost all library automation vendors

offer some form of cloud-based services Server management moves from library

to Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription

payment Offsets local server purchase and

maintenance Offsets some local technology support

Application Service Provider

Vendor hosting of traditional ILS Technically Application Service Provider

though marketed as SaaS Continued reliance on Graphical Clients

deployed on each staff workstation that need to be updated and synched

Vendor maintains individual instances for each library / site

Software as a Service

Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple

sites Software functionality delivered entirely

through Web interfaces No workstation clients

Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments

Data as a service

SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models

WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries

Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central

KnowledgeWorks: Shared knowledgebase of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions

General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows

Infrastructure as a Service

Access to hardware provisioned from remote providers

Examples: Amazon Elastic Compute (EC2) Cloud and Simple Storage Service (S3)

Many library automation vendors use IaaS to deploy their offerings

New Generation Library Management Options

OCLC Web-scale Management Services

Full complement of automation functionality delivered through enhanced WorldCat platform

Cataloging: (initially Connexion) Discovery: WorldCat Local Resource Sharing: OCLC ILL Circulation: new functionality based on holding

and item record extensions Acquisitions: Globally shared vendor file License management for content subscriptions APIs to extend functionality and support

interoperabilityIn Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends WorldCat Local To Launch New Library System

Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/2009

http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6653619.html

OCLC WMS technology stack Java 6 Apache 2 Tomcat 6 MySQL 5.1 Suse Linux jBPM 4 WebSphere MQ 6 Mule 2

Kuali OLE

Mellon funded project to create new enterprise level automation platform for research libraries

1-year planning project led by Duke University

Manage resources of all formats More than an ILS / Less than an ILS Community Source / Open Source

OLE Project: Phase I

Planning and Design Phase Develop Vision + Blueprint Work with consultants with expertise in

SOA and BPM Instill community ownership of OLE Recruit partners for Phase II

Kuali OLE Project: Phase II

2-year build project led by Indiana University $2.38 million from Mellon matched by capital

and in-kind contributions by development partners

Community source reference implementation Create software based on OLE blueprint from

current project Early software in 18-24 months High level of investment and commitment to

implementation

Kuali OLE technology stack

Kuali Rice, middleware: forms routing, messaging, integrations, identity, queues, alerts, audit.

Kuali Financial Subsystem (subset) Java SDK Spring Framework Struts Apache OJB Oracle DB

Ex Libris Alma

New automation framework based on concept of Unified Resource Management

Workflows to accommodate digital, electronic and print resources

Delivered through Software as a Service Community Zone: shared data stores

maintained on behalf of all Alma sites Extended version of SFX knowledge base Shared bibliographic repository

Library Zone: data pertaining to individual implementations

Alma technology stack

Java (J2EE) Oracle: search within Alma uses Oracle

Text as indexer/search JBOSS application JBMP workflow engine (business process

management)

Deployment Schedules

Alma: General release planed for early 2012

Kuali OLE: Version 1 release July 2012 Implementations to be underway at partner

sites (not necessarily ready for full ILS

replacement) OCLC Web-scale Management Services

Libraries in production in circ and acquisitions since July 2010

General release July 2011

Serials Solutions Web-scale Management Solution

New automation platform announced at ALA Annual

Extends automation models in existing products oriented to electronic subscriptions to print and digital materials

Software as a service Goal to allow the library to unplug their ILS Print component based on shared bibliographic

database Initially targets mid-sized academic libraries Initial availability planned for end of 2012

Decoupled Discovery?

Decoupled interfaces emerged from broken online catalogs Poor interfaces, inadequate scope

Inefficient integration between automation and discovery platforms

New wave of more tightly integrated suites: Ex Libris Alma > Primo OCLC Web-scale Management Services > WorldCat Local Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution >

Summon Still possible to decouple, but more effort, worse

results

Delivering library services to mobile devices

Increased expectationfor access to services through mobile

Library services: Mobile web Apps

Transmit library notices through SMS

Carefully selectfunctionality appropriatefor mobile

Tablet computing

Tablet computers have been around for a while, but the introduction of Apple’s iPad increases popularity

High-qualitydevice for content consumption

Access to library services and content

http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2010/0524/A-rundown-of-the-best-iPad-astronomy-apps

Questions and discussion

Thanks!