The New England, The New England, Middle, and Southern Middle, and Southern

ColoniesColoniesUnit 1, Lesson 3Unit 1, Lesson 3

Essential IdeaEssential Idea

The New England colonies were largely The New England colonies were largely settled for religious reasons.settled for religious reasons.

Following the English Civil War, the Middle Following the English Civil War, the Middle and Southern colonies were settled. and Southern colonies were settled.

Religious Problems in EnglandReligious Problems in England Puritans- wanted to Puritans- wanted to ““purifypurify”” the Anglican Church through reform the Anglican Church through reform Separatists- decided the Anglican Church was too corrupt to be reformed Separatists- decided the Anglican Church was too corrupt to be reformed

and left Englandand left England Pilgrims- this group of Separatists sailed to America in 1620Pilgrims- this group of Separatists sailed to America in 1620

Pilgrims ArrivePilgrims Arrive On the On the MayflowerMayflower, the Pilgrims and others sailed for Virginia but landed at , the Pilgrims and others sailed for Virginia but landed at

what is now Massachusettswhat is now Massachusetts The colonists signed the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to establish a The colonists signed the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to establish a

government ruled by majoritygovernment ruled by majority The colonists formed Plymouth (1620), led by William Bradford The colonists formed Plymouth (1620), led by William Bradford

Early TroublesEarly Troubles Plymouth suffered from a plague that left only 50 alive Plymouth suffered from a plague that left only 50 alive The colonists also struggled to grow food in the cold and rocky environmentThe colonists also struggled to grow food in the cold and rocky environment Squanto, from the Wampanoag tribe, taught colonists how to grow foodSquanto, from the Wampanoag tribe, taught colonists how to grow food In 1621, the Wampanoag and colonists celebrated a successful harvest (basis In 1621, the Wampanoag and colonists celebrated a successful harvest (basis

for Thanksgiving) for Thanksgiving)

Massachusetts Massachusetts Bay ColonyBay Colony

In 1630, Puritans (non-In 1630, Puritans (non-Separatist) left England Separatist) left England to escape persecutionto escape persecution

They formed They formed Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay Company and left for Company and left for America, led by John America, led by John WinthropWinthrop

Winthrop wanted the Winthrop wanted the colony to be a Christian colony to be a Christian model for the world, model for the world, calling it a calling it a ““city upon a city upon a hillhill””

Puritans MigratePuritans Migrate Great Puritan Great Puritan

Migration- over Migration- over 20,000 Puritans left 20,000 Puritans left England for America England for America

Eventually (1691), Eventually (1691), Plymouth was Plymouth was absorbed into the absorbed into the much larger much larger Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay colonycolony

Boston became a Boston became a major city and major city and eventually the eventually the beginning point of the beginning point of the American Revolution American Revolution

Massachusetts Bay GovernmentMassachusetts Bay Government The General Court and churches were governed separately but were closely relatedThe General Court and churches were governed separately but were closely related The General Court passed laws regulating moral behavior and supporting churches The General Court passed laws regulating moral behavior and supporting churches

with taxeswith taxes Churches were governed by Churches were governed by ““church memberschurch members”” who had had who had had ““conversion conversion

experiencesexperiences””

The Puritans The Puritans and Heresyand Heresy

Puritans had no tolerance Puritans had no tolerance for heretics, (people who for heretics, (people who disagreed with the church)disagreed with the church)

Roger Williams was Roger Williams was banished from banished from Massachusetts for heresyMassachusetts for heresy

Williams helped establish Williams helped establish Rhode Island, where he Rhode Island, where he allowed religious freedomallowed religious freedom

Anne Hutchinson was also Anne Hutchinson was also banished when she banished when she challenged the authority of challenged the authority of Puritan leaders Puritan leaders

New Hampshire (and Maine)New Hampshire (and Maine)

The land above The land above Massachusetts was split Massachusetts was split into New Hampshire into New Hampshire and Maineand Maine

New Hampshire New Hampshire became a royal colonybecame a royal colony

Maine was considered Maine was considered part of Massachusetts part of Massachusetts until 1820 until 1820

Connecticut Connecticut

Thomas Hooker Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut founded Connecticut so non-church so non-church members could members could participate in participate in government toogovernment too

Fundamental Orders Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- of Connecticut- first first written Constitutionwritten Constitution in America in America

War with Indians (again) War with Indians (again) Overall, these northern Overall, these northern

colonies (future states) colonies (future states) became known as became known as ““New New EnglandEngland””

The Wampanoag and The Wampanoag and New Englanders initially New Englanders initially got along through got along through trading for furs trading for furs

Over time, New Over time, New Englanders wanted more Englanders wanted more land and wanted the land and wanted the Wampanoag to adopt Wampanoag to adopt English laws, customs, English laws, customs, and Christianity and Christianity

King PhilipKing Philip’’s s WarWar

Tension peaked with the Tension peaked with the outbreak of King Philipoutbreak of King Philip’’s War in s War in 16751675

The Wampanoag were led by The Wampanoag were led by ““King PhilipKing Philip”” (Metacomet) (Metacomet)

The colonists killed King Philip The colonists killed King Philip and destroyed many Indian and destroyed many Indian villagesvillages

King PhilipKing Philip’’s War represented s War represented the last major stand of Indians the last major stand of Indians against New Englandersagainst New Englanders

How did Chesapeake and New How did Chesapeake and New England colonists compare in England colonists compare in their relationships with American their relationships with American Indians? Indians?

New England in 1650New England in 1650

The Dutch Settle in America The Dutch Settle in America The Middle Colonies are Settled:The Middle Colonies are Settled: The Dutch (Netherlands) settled the area between The Dutch (Netherlands) settled the area between

EnglandEngland’’s New England and Chesapeake colonies s New England and Chesapeake colonies Henry Hudson explored the region that the Dutch Henry Hudson explored the region that the Dutch

claimed as claimed as ““New NetherlandNew Netherland”” The main settlement, on Manhattan Island, was called The main settlement, on Manhattan Island, was called

““New AmsterdamNew Amsterdam””

England Takes New NetherlandEngland Takes New Netherland The English Civil War The English Civil War

had disrupted English had disrupted English settlement in Americasettlement in America

Following its Civil War, Following its Civil War, England used its England used its superior military to superior military to easily take New easily take New Netherland from the Netherland from the Dutch Dutch

New Netherland became New Netherland became ““New YorkNew York”” and New and New Amsterdam became Amsterdam became ““New York CityNew York City””

New York City, like New York City, like Boston, became a major Boston, became a major trading area trading area

New York New York

QuakersQuakers

A religious group arose A religious group arose in England known as in England known as the Quakers (Society of the Quakers (Society of Friends)Friends)

Quakers were pacifist Quakers were pacifist (anti-violence) and (anti-violence) and believed in religious believed in religious tolerationtoleration

Quakers thought Quakers thought everyone had an everyone had an ““inner inner lightlight”” and believed all and believed all sexes and races were sexes and races were equalequal

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

The English king granted William Penn, a Quaker, The English king granted William Penn, a Quaker, land in America that became Pennsylvania land in America that became Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania had complete religious and political Pennsylvania had complete religious and political freedom and Philadelphia was the capital freedom and Philadelphia was the capital

Pennsylvanians respected Indians and coexisted with Pennsylvanians respected Indians and coexisted with them peacefully (unlike most English colonies) them peacefully (unlike most English colonies)

A wider variety of European immigrants came to A wider variety of European immigrants came to Pennsylvania than any other colonyPennsylvania than any other colony

Quakers in Pennsylvania Quakers in Pennsylvania

The Carolinas The Carolinas

Carolina: Carolina: Carolina was Carolina was

established as a established as a single colony but single colony but developed into two developed into two separate regionsseparate regions

South Carolina South Carolina Had good harbors and wealthy port cities (like Had good harbors and wealthy port cities (like

Charles Town)Charles Town) The slave trade flourished hereThe slave trade flourished here

North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Bad harbors, Bad harbors, contained many contained many poor farmers poor farmers and few slavesand few slaves

Independent-Independent-minded people minded people moved in from moved in from Virginia and Virginia and South CarolinaSouth Carolina

Georgia Georgia Georgia was Georgia was

settled as a refuge settled as a refuge for Englandfor England’’s poor s poor peoplepeople

Slavery and Slavery and alcohol were alcohol were initially bannedinitially banned

Georgia was a Georgia was a ““buffer colonybuffer colony”” between English between English colonies and colonies and Spanish-owned Spanish-owned Florida Florida