American Economic Association

[The Negro in Africa and America]: Table of ContentsSource: Publications of the American Economic Association, 3rd Series, Vol. 3, No. 2 (May,1902), pp. iii-viPublished by: American Economic AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2485873 .

Accessed: 25/05/2014 20:45

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

.

American Economic Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access toPublications of the American Economic Association.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Sun, 25 May 2014 20:45:47 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PREDFAcE--------------------------------------------------- i-ii IND£RODUCTION ._ __ ___ _ __ __- _ __ __ _ _ __ I-5

PART I. THE NEGR0 IN WEST AFRICA.

CHAPTER I. WEst AFRICA__________________________________ 6-20

Physiography of Africa, 6-area of NVest Africa, 7 subdivisions of upper and lower Guinea, g climate, Iits influence upon men, I3- fauna alld flora, I5 minerals, I9.

CHAPTER II. E?HNOLOGY AND ETHNOC;RAPHY_____________ 2I-27

Negro origin undetermined, 2I migrations, 2I Sudanese and Ban- tus, 22 principal tribal groups, 23 kind and degree of civilizatioIl, 24 physical and psychic characteristics, 26.

CHAPTBR III. INDUSYRIAL ECONOMY. _____ __ _ _ ___ _ ___ 28-45

Collditions adverse to industrial development, 28-natural selectioll, ,status of industry, 3I division of labor, 3I paucity of labor- saving apparatus, 33 currency, 37 producls of itldustry, food, shel- ter, clothing, 38.

CHAPTER IV. BrES? AFRICAN RELIGION ___ ____ _____ ___46-59

Religion of Senegambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, 46 basis of West Africatl religion, 48 sacrifices at the btlrial of the dead, 49

sacrifices to the gods, 5I priesthood, 53 charms, 55 witcheraft, 56-religion not connected with social morality, 58.

CHAPTER V. SOCIAL LIFE AND ORGANIZATION ___ _ _ __ 60-79

Position of women, 60 polyganly prevails, 60 adultery and se- duction, 62 why strong sexual instincts have been developed, 64- faulily relations, 65 attitude toward useless members, 67 thiening, 67-cheating, 68 robbery and murder, 69 destructive M ars, cruelty, 7I cannibalism, 72 impulsive kindness, 72 the " Yam Custom ", 73 I;he " Annual Custouls ", 73 love of crowds, 74- ceremonies connected with birth, 75 marriage, 75 fuIlerals, 76.

C:EIAPTER VI. GOVERNMENY, LAW, AND MIr#IYARY SYS?EM---889

LC)W political development, 8tribal orgallizatioll, 8I-exceptional C ases of Ashanti and Dahomey, 82 military organization, 82

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Sun, 25 May 2014 20:45:47 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

1V Cov fevGs.

methods of warfare, 85-laws, 85 regulations of property and per sonal relations, 86-succession to property, 87 slaves, 88 primitive ature of law and government, 89.

CHAP?ER VII. PSYCHIC NAYURE ____ ____ _ _ __ _ 9FIOI

Difficulties in discussing this subject, go very slight development in the arts, 90-what this indicates, 9I environmellt and selection, 9I inferiority in cranial capacity, 92 fineness of brain structure, 93 period of plasticity, 93 yet mtlch development possible, 96 temper- amental characteristics, 96 weakness of will, 97 cheerfulness, 98- love of music, 99 daI1CeS, IOO.

PART It. THE NEGRO UNDE;R AMERICAN SI,AVELRY.

CHAPTER I. GENBRAL NAYURE OF YHE CHANGE __ __ IO2-IO5 Number of slaves, IO2 COI1tiI1UanCe of African slave-trade, IO3-

character of physical heredity, Io4f social heredity, IO5 positive forces at work, IO5.

CHAP?ER II. SELE3CTION-------------------------- - ------IOSII2

Selection by migration, IO6-selection of negroes for the American slave-trade, Iomethods of slave^hunting, IO7 selection by slave- buyers, IO7 the " nliddle passage," IO8 effects of these selective processes, IO8 eontinuance of selective processes in America; artifi- cial selection by the slave-owners, IO9 selective effect of the interllal slave-trade, III modification of natural selection by chalzge of en- vironment, I I I.

CHAPTER III.-AMALOAMAYION _ _____ __ _ _ __ I I3-I 22

Two kinds of amalgaulation, I 13 intertribal amalgadation on American soil, II3- amalgamation N7ith whites, II4 its extent, II5- probable effects ulson the race, II6-opinions on this pOillt, II6- conclusion regarding the Teutcxtlic-Negro hybrid, I20.

CHAP?ER IV. THE CHANGE IN PHYSICAL CONDIXIONS _ I 23-I34

West Africa and the United States compared in temperature alld hUN1iditY, 123 the new conditions of life for the different classes, 125

diet, I27 c]othitlg, I28-shelter, I3I medical care, I32.

CHAP?ER V. INDUSYRIAL DEVELOPMEN? IJNDER SLAVERY I35-I49

Relation of s]avery to t}le Negro's industrial developmellt, I35 his foruler industrial incompetencys I37 diSculty of overcoming this, I37-defects of slavery as all industrial traitling school, I37-training of the house servants, I39 of field hands, I4of tnechanics and sub- overseers, I4I sigllificance of this differentiation, I43-persistence of the llegro's illdllstrial itlferiority, I45 reasons for this, I46.

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Sun, 25 May 2014 20:45:47 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

CovSe^sts. v

CI-IAPTS,R VI. RELIGIOUS DEVE:LOPAIEN? _ __ _-___ __ I50-I56

Diflicult7 of readjustment to C:hristiaIlity, 150 disintegration of the African religion, I5I this bY no n}eans complete, I 5I con- scious and unconscious influences z}nder slas-ery, IS2 conscious ef- forts to inculcate Christianity, I53 Negro preachers, I53 missionary activity among the slaves, I54 sulIlmarJ, of results, I55.

CHAPTER VII. SOCIAL DEVELOPAIENT I57-I63

Caucasian and Negro contrasted in ttliS, 157 the task of the slave- owner, I58 slave marriages, I58 parental care of children, I6- conduct in the wider social relations, 162 much improvement, yet socialization still very imperfect, I 63.

CHAP<rER VIII.-PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT ____ ____ ____ I64-I70

I,ittle change in temperamental qualities, I64 little literary train- ing, I66-experience with schools in West Africa, I67 relation to Anzerican conditions, I69-nluch progress in general intelligence, I70.

PART III. THE: N:EGRO AS A FREED CITIZEON.

CHAPTBR I. G1RNERAL NATURE OF THE SECOND CHANGED__I7I_I75

Physical environmeIlt unchanged, I7I hereditary forces, I72 re- moval of compulsionS I72 new mutives in freedoJn, I73-education and political vights, I74.

CHAPTER II. INDUSTRIAL PROC;RESS I 7SI 93

Causes of the Negro's industrial inferiority, I7col1flict of opinions relative to the Negro as a workmatl, I78-the explanatioll, I79-illus- trations and evidence, I80-production of great agricultural staples passing out of Negro hands, I 83 displacement of negroes in many better paying occupations, I85 ullwise use of eamings, I88 accu- mulation of property since the war, I90-exceptional cases, I92.

CHAPTER III. SOCIAL AND R]3;LIGIOUS PROGRESS ___ _ 194-208

These two related, I94 legislation could not establish social equal- itY, I94 cleavage betvsTeen the races illevitable, I95- segregation of the lle,roes, I95 consequences, 196 ullstablesesualrelations, I97- increasing criminality, 20I teladellcy toward a public opinion distinct from that of the white community, 202 significallt survivals in Negro religious life, 203 lack of relatioll between religion alld morality, 205 manner of conducl:illg religious services, 206 stlrvival of super- stition, 207 exceptional progress of a select fexv, 208.

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Sun, 25 May 2014 20:45:47 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

vi Conte/s.

CH:AP?ER IV.- EDUCAYIONAT PROGRESS __ _ __ ____ 2C)9-2 I 6

Two views as to the Negro's possibilities, 209-as to the results of emancipation, 209 two views as to education, 2Ithe narrower has prevailed in the education of the freedmetl, 2Iilliterates among the negroes, 2II izzadequacy of the system provided, 2I2 broader con- ception embodied in Hampton Institute, 2I2 its results, 2I3 supe- rior qvlality of students admitted, 2I4 diffilcult of a general applica- of industrial training, 2 I 5.

CHAPTER V. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUMMARY _ 2I7-227

The freedmen given the suffrage, 2I7-their lack of political capa- city, 2I7 coIlditions peculiar to the sit:uation left by the war, 2I8- character of the p()litical leaders under reconstruction, 2Ig resulting conditions, 2I9 counter-revolutioz} against Negro rule, 22illegal methods lecessary to maintain white control, 22tnovenlellt to amend state constitutions, 22I the negroes disfranchised till quali- fied, 222 capacity for self-government a part of general character, 222 review of the Negro's cotldition in Africa, 222 under slavery, 224 in freedom, 225 CO11C1USiOX 22the outlook, 227.

BIBLIOC;RAPHY _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ __ ___ _ 229-23 I

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.12 on Sun, 25 May 2014 20:45:47 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions