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The Mark of Ancient Man. Ancient near Eastern Stamp Seals and Cylinder Seals: The Gorelick Collection by Madeline Noveck Review by: Pierre Amiet Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 100, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1980), pp. 185-186 Published by: American Oriental Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/601076 . Accessed: 15/06/2014 00:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Oriental Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the American Oriental Society. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 195.34.78.191 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 00:24:09 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

The Mark of Ancient Man. Ancient near Eastern Stamp Seals and Cylinder Seals: The Gorelick Collectionby Madeline Noveck

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Page 1: The Mark of Ancient Man. Ancient near Eastern Stamp Seals and Cylinder Seals: The Gorelick Collectionby Madeline Noveck

The Mark of Ancient Man. Ancient near Eastern Stamp Seals and Cylinder Seals: The GorelickCollection by Madeline NoveckReview by: Pierre AmietJournal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 100, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1980), pp. 185-186Published by: American Oriental SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/601076 .

Accessed: 15/06/2014 00:24

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

American Oriental Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal ofthe American Oriental Society.

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Page 2: The Mark of Ancient Man. Ancient near Eastern Stamp Seals and Cylinder Seals: The Gorelick Collectionby Madeline Noveck

Reviews of Books 185

cites the passage without notice of restoration, and wrongly as HSS XV 23:4.

17 AAN's restoration of this PN is acknowledged as such under the rubric "Surki-tilla father of Tarmi-tilla," p. 133a.

1 Neither here nor on p. 94a under "Milkuia" is Lacheman's rendering, "MI-lip-gu-ya," noted.

'9 Why is "Huip-garri" wrong? 20 Also, we are informed that the "ar-ra-za-tal" of HSS

XIII 472:4, 10 (p. 26a) may be "ar-ra-<ap>-iha-tal." In this case, this citation is not given under the corrected form

"Arrapba-atal" (p. 26a). 21NPN appropriately (and consistently) cites references

under both incorrect and correct forms of a PN. 22 There are two references under the rubric "Hagimannu"

(the feminine determinative has mistakenly been omitted from the name) and so it is unclear which of the citations has been misread "'Hatannu." It is the second. However, that text reads "'h[a-ta]-an-nu." And so none of this matters: the whole debate takes place in a lacuna.

23 As noted above, 'Tieg-naia" probably doesn't appear in this text at all.

24 On the basis of context, the family relationship is beyond doubt.

The Mark of Ancient Man. Ancient Near Eastern Stamp Seals and Cylinder Seal: The Gorelick Collection. By MADELINE NOVECK. Pp. 96. Brooklyn: THE BROOKLYN MUSEUM PRESS. 1975.

Cette publication de la Collection du Dr. Leonard Gorelick a le merite d'etre a la fois accessible a un large public et aux archeologues les plus exigeants, qui y trouveront toutes les references souhaitables. Dans l'introduction est expose comment furent utilises les premiers sceaux-cylindres, sur les documents de comptabilite d'Uruk, et sur les "bulles"- enveloppes contenant de petits objets d'argile, symboliques de chiffres. Sceau-cylindre et ecriture cuneiforme apparaissent ainsi comme lies, et nous noterons que cela est reste vrai jusqu'a la fin de leur histoire, puisque l'adoption de l'ecriture alphabetique arameenne a entraine I'abandon de fait du sceau cylindre au profit du cachet.

Deux documents neo-sumeriens illustrent l'usage du sceau: un contrat dans son enveloppe, portrant le sceau de Aakala, ensi d'Umma au temps de Shu-Sin, et une bulle de Drehem, avec le sceau de Lugalitida, scribe de Amar-Sin. Le catalogue proprement dit commence apres un apercu general de 1'evolution des cachets et sceaux-cylindres. Les trois premiers cachets peuvent etre attribues au Luristan: le n? 2 en particulier, decore de bucranes tee-beche, est proche-parent d'un cachet trouve a Dum-Gar-Parchinah par L. Vanden Berghe (Archeologia 79: fev. 1975, p. 59). Pour ces cachets,

I'auteur se refere a bon droit a la classification de L. Le Breton; toutefois a l'avenir, il conviendra certainement de preferer celle qui se fonde sur le fouilles dirigees par J. Perrot: cf. A. Le Brun, Cahiers de la D.A.F.I.,I (1971). Au niveau 23 de la fouilles de l'acropole, date de la fin de Suse I et contemporain d'Uruk Ancien, a e trouve un cachet "a collerettes" comparable au n?7, qui doit donc dater d'une epoque voisine. Et il est vraisemblable que les cachets zoomorphes (n? 8) datent deja de l'epoque d'Uruk. Les sceaux-cylindres "schematiques" (n? 11 et 12), graves soit a la bouterolle, soit a la petite meule, sont apparus aussi des cette derniere epoque (periode II de Suse: niveaux 22 a 17).II apparait desormais que la fo'hille de Jemdet Nasr a e trompeuse, en ce qu'elle a donne l'illusion d'une subite decadence par rapport a l'art revele par les empreintes de l'Eanna V-IV. Ces empreintes avaient e obtenues avec des cylindres qui n'ont pas e decouverts, apparemment parce que le scellage avait e fait ailleurs. Au contraire, les cylin- dres schematiques, contemporains, ont e utilises sur place: plusieurs ont e trouves au niveau 17 de Suse, et d'autres ont e deroules sur les scelles des partes, longtemps pris a tort pour des scellements de jarres. Deux cylindres proto- elamites (n? 13 et 14) sont contemporains des niveaux 16 a 14: periode III de Suse.

De la phase finale de l'epoque dynastique archaique date un cylindre syrien oiu il est curieux d'observer par deux fois que la tige d'une fleur a e volontairement confondue avec un serpent. La glyptique d'Agade est bien representee. Le dieu-Soleil aparait dans une scene de combat mythologique (n? 18), mais il brandit une torche qui suggere une identifica- tion avec Gibil, dieu du feu, compagnon de Nergal, le soleil destructeur de l'te. Le dieu-Soleil figure ailleurs (n? 19), comme s'il faisait corps avec la montagne et les bras tombants. II semble que l'on ait voulu evoquer ainsi non pas son lever, mais le declin de l'astre, comme sur un cylindre du Louvre (Delaporte II: A. 144).

Deux cylindres illustrent la serie dite Cappadocienne (n?21 et 22). Sur le second, on peut se demander si le personnage nu, ithyphallique et arme de deux lances, ne serait pas le conjoint de la femme nue assise a c6te de lui.

La serie babylonienne ancienne (n? 23-26) compte des scenes de culte souvent attestees. Un cylindre syrien aux affinites anatoliennes (n?27) represente le heros nu, associe comme souvent aux f lots jaillissants, mais qui empoigne un serpent: il n'est pas impossible que ce dernier soit symbolique des flots auxquels il etait associe en Elam. Comme le pense l'auteur, un cylindre syrien ou des figures aux fortes affinites egyptiennes encadrent un dignitaire syrien, doit dater de la premiere moitie du XVIIe siecle.

Le n?30, deja publie par Edith Porada, date de la meme epoque, mais est elamite: I'attitude des bras de l'orant est tres caracteristique a cet egard. Nous devons avouer notre

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Page 3: The Mark of Ancient Man. Ancient near Eastern Stamp Seals and Cylinder Seals: The Gorelick Collectionby Madeline Noveck

186 Journal of the American Oriental Society 100.2 (1980)

embarras en presence du n?34, que nous hesitons a rattacher a la serie elamite "populaire," car sa gravure est bien plus profonde, et tendrait a suggerer une epoque plus haute (?). La ressemblance du n?35 avec des cylindres que nous avons classes a l'epoque neo-elamite est evidente, mais nous pensons maintenant qu'ils doivent plut6t dater de la fin de l'epoque medio-e1amite, car il semble que Suse ait e desertee au debut du ler millenaire.

Parmi les cylindres neo-assyriens, le n?41 illustre le theme dit du "meurtre de Humbaba," souvent rencontre sur les sceaux mitanniens. Mais alors deja, il existait des variantes de ce theme, telles que la substitution d'un monstre androc&- phale au mauvais genie. Ici comme sur Moortgat, VARS 608, la victime a perdu tout caractere monstrueux. Un rapprochement avec VA RS 781 inviterait a un elargissement des references litteraires au domaine occidental (Ugarit): cf. OR 45 (1976), p. 26-27. Le cylindre neo-elamite n?47, ofi est representee une chasse, appartient a la serie que nous avons attribuee a l'epoque posterieure a la chute du royaume e1amite: "La Glyptique de la fin de l'Elam": Arts Asiatiques 28 (1973), p. 3-44. Plus precisement, nous l'attribuerions volontiers au pas d'Anshan, terre d'election des Perses a cette epoque.

La collection Gorelick possede encore des scarabees egypti- ens, presentes par A. Schulman (n'51-58). et des cachets sassanides (n?59-90), presentes par C. Brumer. L'un des plus interessants, n? 59, porte l'image d'un devot mazdeen.

Cette excellente publication rend ainsi parfaitement acces- sible une collection dont aucune piece n'est indifferente.

PIERRE AMIET

MUSEE DU LouVRE

Archives royales de Mari: X Correspondance feminine. Transcrite et traduite par GEORGES DossIN avec la col- laboration de ANDRt FINET. Pp. 299. Paris: LIBRAIRIE

ORIENTALISTE PAUL GEUTHNER. 1978. 250 FF.

A RMT X needs no introduction. More than a decade has intervened between the publication of the cuneiform copies and the appearance of this companion volume, and mean- while its 179 letters, all written to and/or by women, have inspired several books and many articles. Fourteen of the letters add considerably to our documentation on the beliefs of the period in prophecy and other channels of divine revelation, and they have been the subject of a fairly extensive literature (see R. Borger, HKL 2 45-46). More general have been the studies of Willem H. Ph. Rbmer, Frauenbriefe uber Religion, Politik und Privatleben in Mari, A OAT 12 (Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1971), and Bernard Frank Batto, Studies on Women at Mari (Baltimore-London, 1974). The latter is

particularly interested in defining the role of women, at least of those who moved in the circles of the court, and most recently 0. Rouault has also drawn on A RM X in his attempt to delineate the various systems, political, economic, and administrative, centered in the palace, and the place of women within them (A RMT XVIII 225 ff.; see also Jack M. Sasson, "Biographical Notices on Some Royal Ladies from Mari," JCS 26 [1973] 59-73).

However, familiar as all these studies have made the contents of much of ARMT X, they do not diminish the importance of its publication, for it is not only of importance to have Professor Dossin's solutions to the many textual problems already treated by others, but previous students of these letters have for the most part offered only excerpts, restricting themselves largely to what was reasonably clear and thereby avoiding many difficulties. In ARMT X all difficulties are confronted, and by the master of the Mari corpus.

Fragmentary and poorly written (language and sign-forms) as many of these letters are, of course many difficulties, most of them insoluble, remain. I hope that among the marginalia that follow a few more find their solution.

2:6 The double determinative before the female PN should be noted. It also appears in X 8, 34, 81, 94; VIII 31, 72. At Mari, it seems to be confined to the beginning of the line, which is also the practice at Susa (cf. the texts cited by E. Salonen, StOr 27 33). This restriction does not seem to obtain in the sporadic northern OB occurrences I am famil- iar with (Szlechter, TJA p. 151; AbB 1 27, 28, 31; TIM4 34 TIM 5 4) or in the western periphery, either at OB Alalakh (AT 7:22; 59:5; 65:2) or at Hazor (W. W. Hallo and H. Tadmor, IEJ 27 [1977] 2). This graphic feature reappears in MB Alalakh, EA Tyre, and Qatna (A. Sachs apud W. F. Albright, JEA 23 [1937] 203, n.i).

3:11' ta, "and": also in X 5, 32, 44, 62, 116, 126, and occasionally elsewhere, with no apparent geographical pat- tern, in Mari letters (ARMT XV 65 and glossary; IV 20; V 39; XIII 16, etc.). This sporadic northern feature (F. Kraus, JCS 4 [1950] 151, n. 24; see AbB 1 27,29 [from Mari?] , 81; 5 152; 6 9; 7:36; YOS 10 60), which is also found earlier at Mari (cf. I. J. Gelb, RA 50 [1956] 4; ARM XIX) and in OA, reappears in the western periphery at Hazor (Hallo and Tadmor, IEJ 27 [1977] 2), and then later sporadically: Ugar. V, no. 167 i 8 (see R. Borger, RA 64 [1970] 189) in EA Byblos, south Syria (on the provenience of EA 260 and 317, see P. Artzi, JNES 27 [1968] 163-71), and perhaps south Palestine (EA 337?).

5:13 It will be noted that Dossin rejects the distinction between gullulu (vs. dummuqu ana) and qullulu (vs. kubbutu). 5:35 [i]'-' i-id, "(my heart) grew anxious": na 'adu is frequently said of the heart, gahatu never is.

9:19' ti-ma-a: see Biblica 50 (1969) 50; AHw 1317b.

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