The machine’s out of order.

It’s a waste of time doing that.

She couldn’t make her mind up /She couldn’t make up her mind.

Could you take care of the children?

I’m not in the mood to go out /I’m not in the mood for going out.

I prefer coffee to tea. Please remain in your seats /Please remain seated.

You have the right to vote.

It’s (all) the same to me.

I had no intention of interrupting the meeting.

The guide drew our attention to the paintings.

John never gave an explanation for why he left / John never gave an explanation for leaving.

I’ve no money left / I haven’t any money left.

I met Marcia in 2004. I really look up to someone like that.

We shouldn’t have said that.

ADVERBS

ADVERBS

+ LYadjective

PERFECTLY+ LYPERFECT

QUICK + LY QUICKLY

COMMON + LY COMMONLY

ADVERBS

MAGIC*

EASILY*EASY*

TERRIBLE* TERRIBLY*

TRUE* TRULY*

SPELLING VARIATIONS:

MAGICALLY*

SHY SHYLY

PUBLIC PUBLICLY

Polysyllabic adjectives ending in -Y

Monosyllabic adjectives ending in -Y

DRY DRILY*

ADVERBS

HAPPILYHAPPY

POSSIBLE POSSIBLY

SPELLING VARIATIONS:

Some practice:

WRY WRYLY

TRAGIC TRAGICALLY

CLUMSY CLUMSILY

SENSIBLE SENSIBLY

ADVERBS

HARD

LATELATE

EARLY EARLY

IRREGULAR FORMS:

HARD HARDLY means ‘a malapena’

FAST FAST

FAR FAR

GOOD WELL

 VERB

 NOUN ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

 doubt

 

     

 increase

 

     

 suffice

 

     

doubtdoubtfulundoubteddoubtless

doubtfully

undoubtedly

doubtlessly

increase increasing increasingly

sufficiencysufficient

insufficientsufficientlyinsufficiently

 VERB

 NOUN ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

 compare

 

     

 maintain

 

     XXX

 

 

   stable

 

comparisoncomparativecomparable

incomparable

comparatively

comparably

incomparably

maintenance maintained

stabilisestably

unstablystability

unstable

 VERB

 NOUN ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

 intend

 

     

 

 

   ready

 

 

 

   diverse

 

intentionintended

unintendedunintentional

intentionally

unintentionally

ready readily

diversify diversity diversely

intentional

readiness

 VERB

 NOUN ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

 remove

 

     XXX

attract 

 

     

removalremoved

unattractivelyattractively

removable

attraction attractiveunattractive

unremovableunremoved

VERB + SUFFIX = ADJECTIVE

-ED

-ING

maintain

increase

maintained

increasing

-IVE attract attractive

-ANT

-ENT

also used to form NOUNS: understand > understanding

suffice sufficient

resist resistant

-ABLE remove removable

-IBLE access accessible

NOUN + SUFFIX = ADJECTIVE

-FUL

-LESS

doubt

doubt

doubtful

doubtless

-Y filth filthy

-AL

Other suffixes

mountain mountainous

-IC

intention intentional

-ISH child childish

-OUS

base basic

Word formation

For questions 1–8, read the text below.

Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH – PART 3

You must change the given words.

The record in the UK is held by a yew in Scotland that is thought to be between 4,000 and 5,000 years old. However, such trees are becoming increasingly rare and the Totteridge specimen was considered of (1) …………………… [suffice] importance to be named in 1999 as one of the 41 ‘great trees’ in London.

In Totteridge, in north London, there is a yew tree estimated to be between 1,000 and 2,000 years old. This tree, however, is a mere youngster in (0) …………………… [compare] with others of the species.

nouncomparison

adjectivesufficient

Like many yews, the Totteridge tree (2) ……………..… [doubt] predates the buildings around it and its exact age is unknown. adverb

undoubtedly

doubtlessly

With the best of (4) ……………………… [intend], ancient yew sites are often tidied up with no benefit to the tree.

The Totteridge tree needs little maintenance. Some of its outer branches hang down so low that they have taken root. But this is part of the tree’s natural architecture and contributes to its (3) ………………..…... [stable] in high winds. noun

stability

noun

Dead branches are not (5) ……………… [ready] shed by the tree and their wood harbours a multitude of insects, an inseparable part of the old tree’s natural (6) ……………… [diverse].

adverb

diversity

intentions

noun

readily

After all, the decaying, twisted and (8) …………….…… parts give the tree character.

Something of the tree’s history is lost with the (7) ………….…… [remove] of dead wood. nounremoval

adjective

unattractive

to work regular hours

scheduletimetable

nine-to-five

to go into the family business

continue

hand down

take over

to make use of their

qualifications

grades

degree

graduate

to help people experiencing

difficulties

society

support

assist

to take on a challenge

achieve

prove

overcome

to gain experience in a particular field

skill

knowledge

spend time

to use their creative abilities

talent

imagination

originality

to obtain financial rewards

wage

pay

salary

ambitious

aimspromotion

plans

extrovert

outgoing

talk

loud

idealistic

beliefs

views

opinions

conscientious

efforthardworking

careful

pessimistic

worry

worse

fail

emotional

express

feelings

outburst

sociable

chatmeet

friendly

open-minded

receptive

listen

balanced