The Longman Anthology ofBritish Literature

Third Edition

David Damrosch and Kevin J. H. DettmarGeneral Editors

VOLUME TWO

THE ROMANTICS AND THEIR CONTEMPORARIESSusan Wolfson and Peter Manning

THE VICTORIAN AGEHeather Henderson and William Sharpe

THE TWENTIETH CENTURYKevin J. H. Dettmar and Jennifer Wicke

New York San Francisco BostonLondon Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid

Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations xxxix

Additional Audio and Online Resources xlv

Preface xlvii

Acknowledgments Iv

The Romantics and Their Contemporaries 3

PERSPECTIVES - £ ^ 'The Sublime, the Beautiful, and the Picturesque 30

EDMUND BURKE 33from A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime

and Beautiful 33WILLIAM GILPIN 40

from Three Essays on Picturesque Beauty, on Picturesque Travel,and on Sketching Landscape 41

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 46from A Vindication of the Rights of Men 47

JANE AUSTEN 48from Pride and Prejudice 48from Northanger Abbey 49

MARIA JANE JEWSBURY 51A Rural Excursion 51

IMMANUEL KANT 56from The Critique of Judgement 56

JOHN RUSKIN 59from Modern Painters 59

ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD 63The Mouse's Petition to Dr. Priestley 63On a Lady's Writing 65Inscription for an Ice-House 65To a Little Invisible Being Who Is Expected Soon to Become Visible 66To the Poor 61

Contents

Washing-Day 61Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 69

RESPONSEJohn Wilson Croker: from A Review of Eighteen Hundred

and Eleven 78

The First Fire 79On the Death of the Princess Charlotte 81

CHARLOTTE SMITH 82

ELEGIAC SONNETS AND OTHER POEMS 83To the Moon 83"Sighing I see yon little troop at play" 83 •To melancholy. Written on the banks of the Arun October, 1785 85Far on the sands 85To tranquillity 86Written in the church-yard at Middleton in Sussex 86On being cautioned against walking on an headland overlooking the sea 87The sea view 87The Dead Beggar 88

from Beachy Head 89

PERSPECTIVES^"— 'The Rights of Man and the Revolution Controversy 92

HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS 92 . . .from Letters Written in France, in the Summer of 1790 , 93 .from Letters from France 97

EDMUND BURKE 103from Reflections on the Revolution in France 1.03

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 1 1 2

from A Vindication of the Rights of Men 113Letter to Joseph Johnson, from Paris, December 27, 1792 121

THOMAS PAINE 1 2 1

from The Rights of Man 122WILLIAM GODWIN 128

from An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on GeneralVirtue and Happiness 128

THE ANTI-JACOBIN, OR WEEKLY EXAMINER 1 3 3

The Friend of Humanity and the Knife-Grinder 134The Widow 134 ' .

HANNAH MORE 137Village Politics 138

Contents vii

ARTHUR YOUNG 145from Travels in France During the Years 1787-1788, and 1789 145from The Example of France, a Warning to Britain 147

WILLIAM BLAKE 150

All Religions Are One 152There Is No Natural Religion [a] 154There Is No Natural Religion [b] 155

SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE 158from Songs of Innocence 158

Introduction 158The Shepherd 158The Ecchoing Green 158The Lamb 159The Little Black Boy 160The Blossom 161The Chimney Sweeper 161The Little Boy lost 162The Little Boy found 163The Divine Image 163HOLY THURSDAY 164Nurses Song 164Infant Joy 165A Dream 165On Anothers Sorrow 166

rtss« COMPANION READING

Charles Lamb: from The Praise of Chimney-Sweepers 167

from Songs of Experience 169Introduction 169EARTH'S Answer 169The CLOD & the PEBBLE 170HOLY THURSDAY 170The Little Girl Lost 171The Little Girl Found 172THE Chimney Sweeper 174NURSES Song 174The SICK ROSE 174THE FLY 176The Angel 176The Tyger 177My Pretty ROSE TREE 178AH! SUN-FLOWER 178The GARDEN of LOVE 178

Contents

LONDON 179The Human Abstract 179INFANT SORROW 180A Little BOY Lost 180A Little GIRL Lost 181The School-Boy 182A DIVINE IMAGE 183

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 183Visions of the Daughters of Albion 197

LETTERS 204To Dr. John Trusler (23 August 1799) 204To Thomas Butts (22 November 1802) 206

PERSPECTIVESThe Abolition of Slavery and the Slave Trade 209

OLAUDAH EQUIANO 2 1 0

from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano 211MARY PRINCE 2 1 9

from The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave 220THOMAS BELLAMY 224

The Benevolent Planters 224JOHN NEWTON 230

Amazing Grace! 231ANN CROMARTIE YEARSLEY 231 -

from A Poem on the Inhumanity of the Slave-Trade 232WILLIAM COWPER 236

Sweet Meat Has Sour Sauce 237 ' •The Negro's Complaint 238

HANNAH MORE AND EAGLESFIELD SMITH 239The Sorrows of Yamba 240

ROBERT SOUTHEY 244from Poems Concerning the Slave Trade 245

DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 250from The Grasmere Journals 250

THOMAS CLARKSON 250from The History of the Rise, Progress, & Accomplishment

of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament 251WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 259

To Toussaint L'Ouverture 259To Thomas Clarkson 260from The Prelude 260from Humanity 261Letter to Mary Ann Rawson (May 1833) 262

Contents i:

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW 262from Abstract of the Information laid on the Table of the House of Commons,

on the Subject of the Slave Trade 263GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 265

/rom-Detached Thoughts 265

MARY ROBINSON 266Ode to Beauty 267January, 1795 268from Sappho and Phaon, in a Series of Legitimate Sonnets 269

III. The Bower of Pleasure 270IV. Sappho discovers her Passion 270VII. Invokes Reason 270XI. Rejects the Influence of Reason 271XII. .Previous to her Interview with Phaon 271XVIII. To Phaon 271XXX. Bids farewell to Lesbos 272XXXVII. Foresees her Death 272

The Camp 272The Haunted Beach 274London's Summer Morning 275The Old Beggar 277

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 2 7 9

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 281from To M. Talleyrand-Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun 281Introduction 283from Chapter 1. The Rights and Involved Duties of Mankind

Considered 286from Chapter 2. The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character

Discussed 288from Chapter 3- The Same Subject Continued 297from Chapter 5. Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have Rendered

Women Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt 301from Chapter 13. Some Instances of the Folly Which the Ignorance of

Women Generates; with Concluding Reflections on the MoralImprovement That a Revolution in Female Manners Might NaturallyBe Expected to Produce 301

from The Wrongs of Woman; or Maria 303

RESPONSES

Anna Letitia Barbauld, The Rights of Woman 315Ann Yearsley, The Indifferent Shepherdess to Colin 316Robert Southey, To Mary Wolstoncraft 317William Blake, from Mary 318 <tso*

Contents

*<*- PERSPECTIVES -}>* 'The Wollstonecraft Controversy and the Rights of Women 319

CATHARINE MACAULAY 3 1 9

from Letters on Education 320RICHARD POLWHELE 322

from The Unsex'd Females 323PRISCILLA BELL WAKEFIELD 327

from Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex 328MARY ANNE RADCLIFFE 331

from The Female Advocate 332HANNAH MORE 338

from Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education 339MARY LAMB 344

Letter to The British Lady's Magazine 345WILLIAM THOMPSON AND ANNA WHEELER 349

from Appeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions ofthe Other Half, Men, to Retain Them in Political, and Thence in Civil andDomestic Slavery 350

JOANNA BAILLIE 356

Plays on the Passions 357. from Introductory Discourse 357

London 362A Mother to Her Waking Infant 363A Child to His Sick Grandfather 364Thunder 365Song: Woo'd and Married and A' 367

LITERARY BALLADS 368

RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY 369

Sir Patrick Spence 370

ROBERT BURNS 371

To a Mouse 372To a Louse 373Flow gently, sweet Afton 374Ae fond kiss 375Comin' Thro' the Rye (1) 375Comin' Thro' the Rye (2) 376Scots, wha hae wi' Wallace bled 377Is there for honest poverty 377

Contents xi

«»» RESPONSE

Charlotte Smith, To the shade of Burns 379 «so.

A Red, Red Rose 379Auld Lang Syne 380The Fornicator. A New Song 381

SIR WALTER SCOTT 3 8 2

Lord Randal 382

THOMAS MOORE 3 8 3

The harp that once through Tara's halls 383Believe me, if all those endearing young charms 384The time I've lost in wooing 384

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 385

LYRICAL BALLADS 387Simon Lee 387Anecdote for Fathers 390We are seven 391lines written in early spring 393The Thorn 394

Note to The Thorn 400Expostulation and Reply 401The Tables Turned 402Old Man Travelling 403Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey 404

LYRICAL BALLADS (1800, 1802) 408from Preface 408

[The Principal Object of the Poems. Humble and Rustic Life] 409["The Spontaneous Overflow of Powerful Feelings"] 410[The Language of Poetry] 411[What is a Poet?] 414[The Function of Metre] 417["Emotion Recollected in Tranquillity"] 418

"There was a Boy" 421"Strange fits of passion have I known" 421Song ("She dwelt among th' untrodden ways") 422"A slumber did my spirit seal" 423Lucy Gray 423Poor Susan 425Nutting 425"Three years she grew in sun and shower" 427

Contents

The Old Cumberland Beggar 428Michael 433

<*»» RESPONSESFrancis Jeffrey: ["the new poetry"] 443Charles Lamb: from a letter to William Wordsworth 447Charles Lamb: from a letter to Thomas Manning 448

SONNETS, 1802-1807 449Prefatory Sonnet ("Nuns fret not at their Convent's narrow room") 449Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Sept. 3, 1802 450"The world is too much with us" 450"It is a beauteous Evening" 450"I griev'd for Buonaparte" 451London, 1802 451

from THE PRELUDE, OR GROWTH OF A POET'S MIND 452Book First. Introduction, Childhood, and School time 453from Book Second. School time continued 468

[Two Consciousnesses] 468[Blessed Infant Babe] 468

from Book Fourth. Summer Vacation 470[A Simile for Autobiography] 470[Encounter with a "Dismissed" Soldier] 471

from Book Fifth. Books 474[Meditation on Books. The Dream of the Arab] 474[A Drowning in Esthwaite's Lake] 477["The Mystery of Words"] 478

from Book Sixth. Cambridge, and the Alps 478[The Pleasure of Geometric Science] 478[Arrival in France] 480[Travelling in the Alps. Simplon Pass] 482

from Book Seventh. Residence in London 485[A Blind Beggar. Bartholomew Fair] 485 •

from Book Ninth. Residence in France 489[Paris] 489 "[Revolution, Royalists, and Patriots] 493

from Book Tenth. Residence in France and French Revolution 495[The Reign of Terror. Confusion. Return to England] 495[Further Events in France] 498[The Death of Robespierre and Renewed Optimism] 500[Britain Declares War on France. The Rise of Napoleon and

Imperialist France] 502from The Prelude 1850 504

[Apostrophe to Edmund Burke] 504from Book Eleventh. Imagination, How Impaired and Restored 505

[Imagination Restored by Nature] 505["Spots of Time." Two Memories from Childhood and Later Reflections] 506

Contents xiii

from Book Thirteenth. Conclusion 510[Climbing Mount Snowdon. Moonlit Vista. Meditation on "Mind," "Self,"

"Imagination," "Fear," and "Love"] 510[Concluding Retrospect and Prophecy] 515

<se» R E S P O N S E

Samuel Taylor Coleridge: To a Gentleman 517 " sc

"I travell'd among unknown Men" 520Resolution and Independence 520

«ss« R E S P O N S E

Lewis Carroll: Upon the Lonely Moor 524 <ae»

"I wandered lonely as a cloud" 526"My heart leaps up" 527Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood 528The Solitary Reaper 533Elegiac Stanzas ("Peek Castle") 534

« » RESPONSE

Mary Shelley: On Reading Wordsworth's Lines on Peele Castle 535 ^^

Surprized by joy 536Scorn not the Sonnet 537Extempore Effusion upon the Death of James Hogg 537

DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 5 3 8

Grasmere—A Fragment 540Address to a Child 542Irregular Verses 543Floating Island 546Lines Intended for My Niece's Album 547Thoughts on My Sick-bed 548When Shall I Tread Your Garden Path? 549Lines Written (Rather Say Begun) on the Morning of Sunday

April 6th 550from The Grasmere Journals 551

[Home Alone] 551[A Leech Gatherer] 552[A Woman Beggar] 553[An Old Soldier] 553[The Grasmere Mailman] 554[A Vision of the Moon] 554[A Field of Daffodils] 555 '[A Beggar Woman from Cockermouth] 555[The Circumstances of "Composed upon Westminster Bridge"] 556[The Circumstances of "It is a beauteous Evening"] 556[The Household in Winter, with William's New Wife. Gingerbread] 557

xiv Contents

LETTERS 557To Jane Pollard [A Scheme of Happiness] 557To Lady Beaumont [A Gloomy Christmas] 558To Lady Beaumont [Her Poetry, William's Poetry] 560To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [Household Labors] 561To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [A Prospect of Publishing] 562To William Johnson [Mountain-Climbing with a Woman] 562

to©* RESPONSES

Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from a letter to Joseph Cottle 565Thomas De Quincey: from Recollections of the Lake Poets 566 «se»

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE 570

Sonnet to the River Otter 571

ns©» COMPANION READING :William Lisle Bowles: To the River Itchin, Near Winton 572

The Eolian Harp 572This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison 574Frost at Midnight 576from The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere (1798) 578

Part 1 578The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1817) 580

' «3sw COMPANION READINGSWilliam Cowper: The Castaway 596Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from Table Talk 597 <s©>

Christabel 598Kubla Khan 614

rts-e* RESPONSE

Mary Robinson: To the Poet Coleridge 6l6

The Pains of Sleep 618Dejection: An Ode 619

LETTERS 623To William Godwin 623To Thomas Poole 624

On Donne's Poetry 625Work Without Hope 625Constancy to an Ideal Object 626Epitaph 626from The Statesman's Manual 627

[Symbol and Allegory] 627

from The Friend 627[Reflections of Fire] .627

Contents xv

Biographia Literaria 628Chapter 4 629

[Wordsworth's Earlier Poetry] 629

Chapter 11 630

-[The Profession of Literature] 630

Chapter 13 631

[Imagination and Fancy] 631

Chapter 14 634[Occasion of the Lyrical Ballads—Preface to the Second Edition—The Ensuing

Controversy] 634

[Philosophic Definitions of a Poem and Poetry] 636

Chapter 17 637[Examination of the Tenets Peculiar to Mr. Wordsworth. Rustic Life and Poetic

Language] 637

Chapter 22 640

[Defects ofWordsworth's Poetry] 640

from Lectures on Shakespeare 641[Mechanic vs. Organic Form] 641[The Character of Hamlet] 642[Stage Illusion and the Willing Suspension of Disbelief] 643[Shakespeare's Images] 644[Othello] 645

H COLERIDGE'S "LECTURES" AND THEIR TIME

Shakespeare in the Nineteenth Century 646Charles Lamb [and Mary Lamb] Preface to Tales from Shakespear 647Charles Lamb from On the Tragedies of Shakspeare 648William Hazlitt horn Lectures on the English Poets 651 • The Charac-

ters of Shakespeare's Plays 652Thomas De Quincey On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth 652 HI

GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 656She walks in beauty 658So, we'll go no more a-roving 659Manfred 659

H "MANFRED" AND ITS TIME

The Byronic Hero 695Byron's Earlier Heroes from The Giaour 696 • from The Corsair 697

from Lara 697 • Prometheus 698 • from Childe Harold's Pilgrim-age, Canto the Third [Napoleon Buonaparte] 699

Samuel Taylor Coleridge from The Statesman's Manual ["Satanic Prideand Rebellious Self-Idolatry"] 701

Caroline Lamb from Glenarvon 702Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley from Frankenstein; or The Modem

Prometheus 704

xvi Contents

Felicia Hemans from The Widow of Crescentius 706Percy Bysshe Shelley {torn Preface to Prometheus Unbound 707 ' f r om

Prometheus Unbound, Act 1 707Robert Southey from Preface to A Vision of Judgement 709George Gordon, Lord Byron from The Vision of Judgment 710 W^

CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE 7 1 1from Canto the Third 711

[Waterloo Fields] 711[Thunderstorm in the Alps] 716[Byron's Strained Idealism. Apostrophe to His Daughter] 717

from Canto the Fourth 719[Rome. Political Hopes] 719[The Coliseum. The Dying Gladiator] 721[Apostrophe to the Ocean. Conclusion] 723

rts&» RESPONSESJohn Wilson: from a review of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage 725John Scott: [Lord Byron's Creations] 726 n9©»

DON JUAN 727 .Dedication 728Canto 1 732from Canto 2 [Shipwreck. Juan and Haidee] 779from Canto 3 [Juan and Haidee. The Poet for Hire] 795from Canto 7 [Critique of Military "Glory"] 804from Canto 11 [Juan in England] 805

Stanzas ("When a man hath no freedom to fight for at home") 808On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year 808

LETTERS 809To Thomas Moore [On Childe Harold Canto III] (28 January 1817) 809To John Murray [On Don Juan] (6 April 1819) 810To John Murray [On Don Juan] (12 August 1819) 811To Douglas Kinnaird [On Don Juan] (26 October 1819) 812To John Murray [On Don Juan] (16 February 1821) 814

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 814To Wordsworth 816Mont Blanc 817Hymn to Intellectual Beauty 821Ozymandias 823Sonnet: Lift not the painted veil 823Sonnet: England in 1819 824The Mask of Anarchy 824Ode to the West Wind 835To a Sky-Lark 837

Contents

RESPONSEThomas Hardy: Shelley's Skylark 839

To—("Music, when soft voices die") 840Adonais 841

RESPONSESGeorge Gordon, Lord Byron: from Don Juan 856George Gordon, Lord Byron: letter to Percy Bysshe Shelley

(26 April 1821) 857George Gordon, Lord Byron: letter to John Murray

(30 July 1821) 857

The Cloud 858from Hellas 860

Chorus ("Worlds on •worlds are rolling ever") 860Chorus ("The world's great age begins anew") 862

With a Guitar, to Jane 863To Jane ("The keen stars") 866from A Defence of Poetry 867

FELICIA HEMANS 8 7 7

from TALES, AND HISTORIC SCENES, IN VERSE 878The Wife of Asdrubal 878The Last Banquet of Antony and Cleopatra 880 'Evening Prayer, at a Girls' School 884Casabianca 886

from RECORDS OF WOMAN 887The Bride of the Greek Isle 887Properzia Rossi 892Indian Woman's Death-Song 896Joan of Arc, in Rheims 897The Homes of England 900The Graves of a Household 901Corinne at the Capitol 902Woman and Fame 903

<tse. RESPONSES

Francis Jeffrey: from A Review of Felicia Hemans's Poetry 904William Wordsworth: from Prefatory Note to Extempore Effusion 907 «SE>

JOHN CLARE 9 0 8

Written in November (manuscript) 909Written in November 910Songs Eternity 910[The Lament of Swordy Well] 912[The Mouse's Nest] 916

xviii Contents

Clock a Clay 917"I Am" 917The Mores 918

JOHN KEATS 9 2 0

ON FIRST LOOKING INTO CHAPMAN'S HOMER 922Young Poets 923On First Looking into Chapman's Homer. 924

<se» COMPANION READINGSAlexander Pope: from Homer's Iliad 925George Chapman: from Homer's Iliad 925Alexander Pope: from Homer's Odyssey 925George Chapman: from Homer's Odyssey 926 <-ecu

"To one who has been long in city pent" 926On the Grasshopper and Cricket 926from Sleep and Poetry 927

eocw RESPONSES

John Gibson Lockhart: from On the Cockney School of Poetry 929John Gibson Lockhart: from The Cockney School of

Poetry no. IV 932

On Seeing the Elgin Marbles 934On sitting down to read King Lear once again 934Sonnet: When I have fears 935The Eve of St. Agnes 935La Belle Dame sans Mercy 946Letter text: La Belle Dame sans Merci Indicator preface 948Incipit altera Sonneta ("If by dull rhymes") 950

THE ODES OF 1819 950Ode to Psyche 951Ode to a Nightingale 953Ode on a Grecian Urn 955Ode on Indolence 957Ode on Melancholy 959To Autumn 960

LAMIA 961The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream 978This living hand 991Bright Star 991

LETTERS 992To Benjamin Bailey ["The truth of Imagination"] 992To George and Thomas Keats ["Intensity" and "Negative Capability"] 993To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth and "The Whims

of an Egotist"] 994

Contents xix

To John Taylor ["a few axioms"] 995To Benjamin Bailey ["Ardent Pursuit"] 995To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth, Milton, and "Dark Passages"] 996To Benjamin Bailey ["I have not a right feeling towards Women"] 999To Richard Woodhouse [The "Camelion Poet" vs. The "Egotistical Sub-

lime"] 999To George and Georgiana Keats ["indolence," "poetry" vs. "philosophy,"

the "vale of Soul-Making"] 1001To Fanny Brawne ["You Take Possession of Me"] 1005To Percy Bysshe Shelley ["An Artist Must Serve Mammon"] 1006To Charles Brown [Keats's Last Letter] 1007

<-<f PERSPECTIVES - t>* 'Popular Prose and the Problems of Authorship 1008

SIR WALTER SCOTT 1 0 1 0

Introduction to Tales of My Landlord 1011CHARLES LAMB 1 0 1 5

Oxford in the Vacation- 1016Dream Children 1020Old China 1022

WILLIAM HAZLITT 1026On Gusto 1027My First. Acquaintance with Poets 1029

THOMAS DE QUINCEY 1042from Confessions of an English Opium-Eater 1043["What is it that we mean by literature?"] 1071

JANE AUSTEN 1073from Northanger Abbey: Chapter 1 1074

MARIA JANE JEWSBURY 1077The Young Author 1078 .

WILLIAM COBBETT 1082from Rural Rides 1083

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY 1085The Swiss Peasant 1086

The Victorian Age 1099THOMAS CARLYLE 1123

Past and Present 1125Midas [The Condition of England] 1125from Gospel of Mammonism [The Irish Widow] 1128from Labour [Know Thy Work] 1129from Democracy [Liberty to Die by Starvation] 1130Captains of Industry 1132

Contents

1 ^ - P E R S P E C T I V E S -!>•«•The Industrial Landscape 1137

THE STEAM LOOM WEAVER 1 1 3 9

FANNY-KEMBLE 1 1 4 0

from Record of a Girlhood 1140THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1 1 4 1

from A Review of Southey's Colloquies 1142PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS ("BLUE BOOKS") 1143

Testimony of Hannah Goode, a Child Textile Worker 1144Testimony of Ann and Elizabeth Eggley, Child Mineworkers 1144

CHARLES DICKENS 1 1 4 6

from Dombey and Son 1146from Hard Times 1147

BENJAMIN DISRAELI 1 1 4 9

from Sybil 1149FRIEDRICH ENGELS 1 1 5 0

from The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 1150HENRY MAYHEW 1 1 5 8

from London Labour and the London Poor 1158

JOHN STUART MILL 1164

On Liberty 1165from Chapter 2. Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion 1165from Chapter 3. Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being 1168

The Subjection of Women 1176from Chapter 1 1176

Statement Repudiating the Rights of Husbands 1185Autobiography 1186

from Chapter 1. Childhood, and Early Education 1186from Chapter 5. A Crisis in My Mental History. One Stage Onward 1189

ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 1196

To George Sand: A Desire 1198To George Sand: A Recognition 1198A Year's Spinning 1199Sonnets from the Portuguese 1200

1 ("I thought once how Theocritus had sung") 120013 ("And wilt thou have me fashion into speech") 120014 ("If thou must love me, let it be for nought") 120021 ("Say over again, and yet once over again") 120122 ("When our two souls stand up erect and strong") 120124 ("Let the world's sharpness, like a clasping knife") 120128 ("My letters! all dead paper, mute and white!") 120232 ("The first time that the sun rose on thine oath") 1202

Contents xxi

38 ("First time he kissed me, he but only kissed") 120343 ("How do I love thee? Let me count the ways") 1203

Aurora Leigh 1203Book 1 1203

-[Self-Portrait] 1203[Her Mother's Portrait] 1206[Aurora's Education] 1207[Discovery of Poetry] 1211

Book 2 1212[Woman and Artist] 1212[No Female Christ] 1215[Aurora's Rejection of Romney] 1216

Book 3 1221[The Woman Writer in London] 1221

Book 5 1224 . •[Epic Art and Modern Life] 1224

from A Curse for a Nation 1227A Musical Instrument 1228The Best Thing in the World 1229

ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON 1230

The Kraken 1233Mariana 1233The Lady of Shalott 1235The Lotos-Eaters 1240Ulysses 1244Tithonus 1246Break, Break, Break 1248The Epic [Morte d'Arthur] 1248The Eagle: A Fragment 1250LocksleyHall 1250

THE PRINCESS 1256Sweet and Low 1256The Splendour Falls 1256Tears, Idle Tears 1257Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal 1257Come Down, O Maid 1258[The Woman's Cause Is Man's] 1259

from In Memoriam A. H. H. 1260The Charge of the Light Brigade 1291Idylls of the King 1293

The Coming of Arthur 1293Pelleas and Ettarre 1303The Passing of Arthur 1316

The Higher Pantheism 1327

Contents

R E S P O N S E

Algernon Charles Swinburne: The Higher Pantheism in aNutshell 1328

Flower in the Crannied Wall 1329Crossing the Bar 1329

EDWARD FITZGERALD 1330The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam of Naishapur 1331

CHARLES DARWIN 1345The Voyage of the Beagle 1347

from Chapter 10. Tierra Del Fuego 1347from Chapter 17. Galapagos Archipelago 1354

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1357from Chapter 3. Struggle for Existence 1357

The Descent of Man 1362from Chapter 21. General Summary and Conclusion 1362

from Autobiography 1368

PERSPECTIVES - ^ 'Religion and Science 1376

THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1377from Lord Bacon 1377

CHARLES DICKENS 1378from Sunday Under Three Heads 1378

DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUSS 1379from The Life of Jesus Critically Examined 1379

CHARLOTTE BRONTE 1384from Jane Eyre 1384

ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH 1386Epi-strauss-ium 1386The Latest Decalogue 1387from Dipsychus 1387

JOHN WILLIAM COLENSO 1388from The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined 1389

JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1390from Apologia Pro Vita Sua 1391

THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY 1398from Evolution and Ethics 1398

SIR EDMUND GOSSE 1403I from Father and Son 1404

ROBERT BROWNING 1408Porphyria's Lover 1411

Contents xxiii

Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 1413My Last Duchess 1415How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix 1416Home-Thoughts, from Abroad 1418Home-Thoughts, from the Sea 1418The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church 1419Meeting at Night 1422Parting at Morning 1422A Toccata of Galuppi's 1422Memorabilia 1424Love Among the Ruins 1425"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" 1427

rtssu R E S P O N S EStevie Smith: Childe Rolandine 1432 <-ee«

Fra Lippo Lippi 1433The Last Ride Together 1442Andrea del Sarto 1445Two in the Campagna 1451A Woman's Last Word 1453Caliban Upon Setebos 1454Epilogue to Asolando 1461

CHARLES DICKENS 1 4 6 2

A Christmas Carol 1464from A Walk in a Workhouse 1513

COMPANION READINGSDickens at Work: Recollections by His Children and Friends 1518Kate Field: Dickens Giving a Reading of A Christmas Carol 1520

POPULAR SHORT FICTION 1521

ELIZABETH GASKELL 1522Our Society at Cranford 1522

THOMAS HARDY 1537The Withered Arm 1538 .

SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE 1556A Scandal in Bohemia 1557

RESPONSEJamyang Norbu: A Pukka Villain, from Sherlock Holmes: The Missing

Years 1572 rt^

xxiv Contents

JOHN RUSKIN 1577

Modern Painters 1578from Definition of Greatness in Art 1578from Of Water, As Painted by Turner 1579

The Stones of Venice 1580from The Nature of Gothic 1580from Modern Manufacture and Design 1590

The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century 1593Praeterita 1599

Preface 1599from The Springs of Wandel 1599from Herne-Hill Almond Blossoms 1601from Schaffhausen and Milan 1603from The Grande Chartreuse 1605from Joanna's Care 1606

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 1607Cassandra 1608

PERSPECTIVES - } > * 'Victorian Ladies and Gentlemen 1626

FRANCES POWER COBBE 1628from Life of Frances Power Cobbe As Told by Herself 1628

SARAH STICKNEY ELLIS 1632from The Women of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits 1632

CHARLOTTE BRONTE 1635from Letter to Emily Bronte 1635

ANNE BRONTE 1636from Agnes Grey 1367

JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1638from The Idea of a University 1638

CAROLINE NORTON 1639from A Letter to the Queen 1640

GEORGE ELIOT 1642Margaret Fuller and Mary Wollstonecraft 1642

THOMAS HUGHES 1647from Tom Brown's School Days 1647

ISABELLA BEETON 1649from The Book of Household Management 1649

QUEEN VICTORIA 1651Letters and Journal Entries on the Position of Women 1651

SIR HENRY NEWBOLT 1656Vitai Lampada 1656

Contents xxv

MATTHEW ARNOLD 1657Isolation. To Marguerite 1660To Marguerite—Continued 1661Dover Beach 1662

«3cw R E S P O N S E •

Anthony Hecht: The Dover Bitch 1663 sew

Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 1664The Buried Life 1665Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 1667The Scholar-Gipsy 1672East London 1678West London 1679Thyrsis 1679from The Function of Criticism at the Present Time 1685Culture and Anarchy 1695

from Sweetness and Light 1695from Doing as One Likes 1697from Hebraism and Hellenism 1701from Porro Unum Est Necessarium 1702from Conclusion 1704

from The Study of Poetry 1705

DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI 1 7 1 2

The Blessed Damozel 1713The Woodspurge 1716The House of Life 1717

The Sonnet 17174. Lovesight 17176. The Kiss 1718Nuptial Sleep 1718

The Burden of Nineveh 1719

CHRISTINA ROSSETTI 1 7 2 3

Song ("She sat and sang alway") 1725Song ("When I am dead, my dearest") 1725Remember 1726After Death 1726A Pause 1726Echo 1727Dead Before Death 1727Cobwebs 1728A Triad 1728In an Artist's Studio 1728A Birthday 1729

xxvi Contents

An Apple-Gathering 1729Winter: My Secret 1730Up-Hill 1731Goblin Market 1731"No, Thank You, John" 1744Promises Like Pie-Crust 1745In Progress 1745What Would I Give? 1746A Life's Parallels 1746Later Life 1746

17 ("Something this foggy day, a something which") 1746Sleeping at Last 1747

WILLIAM MORRIS 1747The Defence of Guenevere 1748The Haystack in the Floods 1756from The Beauty of Life 1760

ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE 1766The Leper 1767The Triumph of Time 1771

" I Will Go Back to the Great Sweet Mother 1771Hymn to Proserpine 1772A Forsaken Garden 1775

WALTER PATER 1777from The Renaissance 1778

Preface 1778from Leonardo da Vinci 1781Conclusion 1782

from The Child in the House 1785

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS 1791God's Grandeur 1792The Starlight Night 1793Spring 1793The Windhover 1794Pied Beauty 1794Hurrahing in Harvest 1795Binsey Poplars 1795Duns Scotus's Oxford 1796Felix Randal 1796Spring and Fall: to a young child 1797

Contents xxvii

As Kingfishers Catch Fire 1797[Carrion Comfort] 1798No Worst, There Is None 1798I Wake and Feel the Fell of Dark, Not Day 1798That Nature Is a HeracUtean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection 1799Thou Art Indeed Just, Lord 1800from Journal [On "Inscape" and "Instress"] 1800from Letter to R. W. Dixon [On Sprung Rhythm] 1802

LEWIS CARROLL ,' 1 8 0 3

from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 1805Chapter 1. Down the Rabbit-Hole 1805 'from Chapter 2. The Pool of Tears 1808You are old, Father William 1810The Lobster-Quadrille 1811

from Through the Looking Glass 1811Child of the pure unclouded brow 1811Jabberwocky 1812[Humpty Dumpty on Jabberwocky] 1813The Walrus and the Carpenter 1814The White Knight's Song 1817

PERSPECTIVES -}>* 'Imagining Childhood 1819

CHARLES DARWIN 1823from A Biographical Sketch of an Infant 1823

MORAL VERSES 1826Table Rules for Little Folks 1826Eliza Cook: The Mouse and the Cake 1827Heinrich Hoffmann: The Story of Augustus who would Not have any Soup 1827Thomas Miller: The Watercress Seller 1828William Miller: Willie Winkie 1829

EDWARD LEAR 1829[Selected Limericks] 1830The Owl and the Pussy-Cat 1832Thejumblies 1833How pleasant to know Mr. Lear! 1835

CHRISTINA ROSSETTI 1836from Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme Book 1837

ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON 1840from A Child's Garden of Verses 1841

HILAIRE BELLOC 1845from The Bad Child's Book of Beasts 1845from Cautionary Tales for Children 1847

xxviii Contents

BEATRIX POTTER 1848The Tale of Peter Rabbit 1849

DAISY ASHFORD 1850from The Young Visiters; or, Mr Salteena's Plan 1851

RUDYARD KIPLING 1858Without Benefit of Clergy I860

from JUST SO STORIES 1874How the Whale Got His Throat 1874How the Camel Got His Hump 1876How the Leopard Got His Spots 1878

Gunga Din 1882The Widow at Windsor 1884Recessional 1885If— 1886

PERSPECTIVESTravel and Empire 1888

FRANCES TROLLOPE 1890from Domestic Manners of the Americans 1890

THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1896from Minute on Indian Education 1897

ALEXANDER WILLIAM KINGLAKE 1901from Eothen 1901

SIR RICHARD FRANCIS BURTON 1908from A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah

- and Meccah 1908ISABELLA BIRD 1 9 1 3

from A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains 1914SIR HENRY MORTON STANLEY 1920

from Through the Dark Continent 1921MARY KINGSLEY 1928

from Travels in West Africa 1928RUDYARD KIPLING 1935

The White Man's Burden 1936

ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON 1937The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1939

OSCAR WILDE 1977Impression du Matin 1980

Contents

rfa©» R E S P O N S E

Lord Alfred Douglas: Impression de Nuit 1981

The Harlot's House 1981Symphony in Yellow 1982from The Decay of Lying 1983from The Soul of Man Under Socialism 1998Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray 2002The Importance of Being Earnest 2003Aphorisms 2044from De Profundis 2046

tasw COMPANION READING

H. Montgomery Hyde: from The Trials of Oscar Wilde 2053

PERSPECTIVESAestheticism, Decadence, and the Fin de Siecle 2059

W. S. GILBERT 2062If You're Anxious for to Shine in the High Aesthetic Line 2063

JAMES ABBOTT MCNEILL WHISTLER 2064from Mr. Whistler's "Ten O'clock" 2065

"MICHAEL FIELD" (KATHARINE BRADLEY AND EDITH COOPER) 2069La Gioconda 2070A Pen-Drawing of Leda 2070"A Girl" 2071

ADA LEVERSON 2071Suggestion 2072

ARTHUR SYMONS 2077Pastel 2077White Heliotrope 2078from The Decadent Movement in Literature 2078from Preface to Silhouettes 2080

RICHARD LE GALLIENNE 2081A Ballad of London 2081

LIONEL JOHNSON 2082The Destroyer of a Soul 2083The Dark Angel 2083A Decadent's Lyric 2085

LORD ALFRED DOUGLAS 2085In Praise of Shame 2086Two Loves 2086 - ' •

OLIVE CUSTANCE (LADY ALFRED DOUGLAS) 2088The Masquerade 2089Statues 2089The White Witch 2090

MAX BEERBOHM 2090Enoch Soames 2091

xxx Contents

The Twentieth Century 2111

JOSEPH CONRAD 2135

Preface to The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 2138Heart of Darkness 2140

H "HEART OF DARKNESS" AND ITS TIME

Joseph Conrad: from Congo Diary 2196Sir Henry Morton Stanley: from Address to the Manchester Chamber of

Commerce 2198 M

cosu RESPONSESChinua Achebe: An Image of Africa 2202Gang of Four: We Live As We Dream, Alone 2211 osu

BERNARD SHAW 2 2 1 2

Preface: A Professor of Phonetics 2215Pygmalion 2218

roe* RESPONSEAlan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe: from My Fair Lady 2282 os>

LETTERS 2292To Francis Collison (20 August 1903) 2292To The Times (31 October 1906) 2293

THOMAS HARDY 2 2 9 5

Hap 2297Neutral Tones 2297Wessex Heights 2298The Darkling Thrush 2298On the Departure Platform 2299The Convergence of the Twain 2300At Castle Boterel 2301Channel Firing 2302In Time of "The Breaking of Nations" 2303I Looked Up from My Writing 2203"And There Was a Great Calm" 2204Logs on the Hearth 2305The Photograph 2306The Fallow Deer at the Lonely House 2306Afterwards 2307Epitaph 2307

Contents xxxi

PERSPECTIVESThe Great War: Confronting the Modern 2308

BLAST 2308Vorticist Manifesto 2310

REBECCA WEST 2324Indissoluble Matrimony 2325

RUPERT BROOKE 2340 .The Great Lover 2341The Soldier 2343

SIEGFRIED SASSOON 2343Glory of Women 2343"They" 2344The Rear-Guard 2344Everyone Sang 2345

WILFRED OWEN 2345Anthem for Doomed Youth 2346Strange Meeting 2346Disabled 2347Duke Et Decorum Est 2348

ISAAC ROSENBERG 2349Break of Day in the Trenches 2349Dead Man's Dump 2350

DAVID JONES 2352from In Parenthesis 2353

THE WOMEN POETS OF WORLD WAR I 2373CICELY HAMILTON 2373

Non-Combatant 2373MAY WEDDERBURN CANNAN 2374

Lamplight 2374Rouen 2375

PAULINE BARRINGTON 2376"Education" 2376

HELEN DIRCKS 2377After Bourlon Wood 2377

ALYS FANE TROTTER 2378The Hospital Visitor 2378 ;

TERESA HOOLEY 2378A War Film 2378 •

SPEECHES ON IRISH INDEPENDENCE 2379Charles Stewart Parnell 2381

At Limerick 2381

xxxii Contents

Before the House of Commons 2382At Portsmouth, After the Defeat of Mr. Gladstone's Home

Rule Bill 2383In Committee Room No. 15 2384

Proclamation of the Irish Republic 2385Padraic Pearse 2386

Kilmainham Prison 2386Michael Collins 2387

The Substance of Freedom 2387

WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 2 3 9 0

The Lake Isle of Innisfree 2393Who Goes with Fergus? 2394No Second Troy 2394The Fascination of What's Difficult 2394September 1913 2395The Wild Swans at Coole 2396An Irish Airman Foresees His Death 2396Easter 1916 2397The Second Coming 2399A Prayer for My Daughter 2399Sailing to Byzantium 2401Meditations in Time of Civil War 2402Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen 2407Leda and the Swan 2410Among School Children 2411Byzantium 2413Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop 2414Lapis Lazuli 2414The Circus Animals' Desertion 2416Under Ben Bulben 2417

E. M. FORSTER 2 4 1 9

The Life to Come 2420

JAMES JOYCE 2 4 3 1

DUBLINERS 2434Araby 2434Eveline 2438Clay 2441The Dead 2445

Ulysses 2472[Chapter 13. Nausicaa] 2473

Contents xxxiii

ISSB RESPONSES

Hon. John M. Woolsey: 1933 Decision of the United States DistrictCourt Lifting the Ban on Ulysses 2495

Seamus Heaney: from Station Island 2499 «3>e»

Finnegans Wake, and a First-Draft Version of Finnegans Wake 2500[Shem the Penman] 2501

T. S. ELIOT 2506The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 2509

<so» RESPONSES

Arthur Waugh: [Cleverness and the New Poetry] 2512Ezra Pound: Drunken Helots and Mr. Eliot 2514 tss .

Gerontion 2516The Waste Land 2518

« » RESPONSES

Fadwa Tuqan: In the Aging City 2531Martin Rowson:/rom The Waste Land 2533

Journey of the Magi 2539Four Quartets 2540

Burnt Norton 2540Tradition and the Individual Talent 2544

VIRGINIA WOOLF 2549The Lady in the Looking-Glass: A Reflection 2552Mrs Dalloway 2555

oo. RESPONSESigrid Nunez: On Rereading Mrs. Dalloway 2655

from A Room of One's Own 2661from Three Guineas 2696from The Diaries 2710Letter to Gerald Brenan (25 December 1922) 2723

KATHERINE MANSFIELD 2725The Daughters of the Late Colonel 2725

D. H. LAWRENCE 2738Piano 2741

xxxiv Contents

Song of a Man Who Has Come Through 2741Tortoise Shout 2741Snake 2744Bavarian Gentians 2746Cypresses 2746Odour of Chrysanthemums 2748The Horse Dealer's Daughter 2761Surgery for the Novel—or a Bomb 2772

P. G. WODEHOUSE 2775The Clicking of Cuthbert 2776

GRAHAM GREENE 2785A Chance for Mr Lever 2786

1 PERSPECTIVES -$>* 'World War II and the End of Empire 2796

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL 2797Two Speeches Before the House of Commons 2798

STEPHEN SPENDER 2805Icarus 2806

. "What I Expected 2806The Express 2807The Pylons 2807

ELIZABETH BOWEN 2808Mysterious Kor 2809

EVELYN WAUGH 2818The Man Who Liked Dickens 2819Cruise 2828

<s©* R E S P O N S EMonty Python: Travel Agent 2832

GEORGE ORWELL 2835Politics and the English Language 2836Shooting an Elephant 2844

DYLAN THOMAS 2849The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower 2850Fern Hill 2851Poem in October 2852Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night 2853

Contents xxxv

SAMUEL BECKETT 2 8 5 4

Endgame 2856from Texts for Nothing 2891

4 ("Where would I go, if I could go, who would I be, if I could be") 28918 ("Only the words break the silence, all other sounds have ceased") 2892

The Expelled 2894

POSTWAR POETS: ENGLISH VOICES 2902

W. H. AUDEN 2 9 0 2

Musee des Beaux Arts 2903In Memory of W. B. Yeats 2904Spain 1937 2906Lullaby 2908September 1, 1939 2909In Praise of Limestone 2912

STEVIE SMITH 2 9 1 4

Not Waving but Drowning 2915Pretty 2915How Cruel Is the Story of Eve 2917The New Age 2918

PHILIP LARKIN 2 9 1 9

Church Going 2919High Windows 2921Talking in Bed 2922MCMXIV 2922

TED HUGHES 2 9 2 3

Wind 2924Relic 2924Theology 2925Dust As We Are 2925Leaf Mould 2926Telegraph Wires 2927

V. S. NAIPAUL 2 9 2 8

In a Free State 2929Prologue, from a Journal: The Tramp at Piraeus 2929Epilogue, from a Journal: The Circus at Luxor 2936

xxxvi Contents

HANIF KUREISHI 2 9 4 1

My Beautiful Laundrette 2942

M "MY BEAUTIFUL LAUNDRETTE" AND ITS TIME

Hanif Kureishi: The Carnival of Culture 2986 M

SALMAN RUSHDIE 2 9 8 8

Chekov and Zulu 2989The Courter 2998Out of Kansas 3012

PERSPECTIVESWhose Language? 3031

LOUISE BENNETT 3032Back to Africa 3032Colonization in Reverse 3033Independance 3034

NGUGI WA THIONG'O 3035Decolonizing the Mind 3036

Native African Languages 3036NADINE GORDIMER 3039

What Were You Dreaming? 3040DEREK WALCOTT 3046

A Far Cry from Africa 3047Wales 3048The Fortunate Traveller 3049Midsummer 305450 ("I once gave my daughters, separately, two conch shells") 305452 ("I heard them marching the leaf-wet roads of my head") 305454 ("The midsummer sea, the hot pitch road, this grass, these shacks that

made me") 3055SEAMUS HEANEY 3056

Punishment 3057The Skunk 3058The Toome Road 3059The Singer's House 3059In Memoriam Francis Ledwidge 3060Postscript 3062A Call 3062The Errand 3062

JAMES KELMAN 3063Home for a Couple of Days 3063

EAVAN BOLAND 3072Anorexic 3073Mise Eire 3075

Contents xxxvii

The Pomegranate 3076A Woman Painted on a Leaf 3077

LORNA GOODISON 3078The Mulatta as Penelope 3078On Becoming a Mermaid 3079Annie Pengelly 3079

AGHA SHAHID ALI 3083Beyond English 3083In Arabic 3084Tonight 3085

PAUL MULDOON 3086Cuba 3086Aisling 3087Meeting the British 3087Sleeve Notes 3088

NUALA NI DHOMHNAILL 3094Feeding a Child 3095Parthenogenesis 3096Labasheedy (The Silken Bed) 3098As for the Quince 3099Why I Choose to Write in Irish, The Corpse That Sits Up and Talks Back 3100

GWYNETH LEWIS 3108Therapy 3108Mother Tongue 3109

ROBERT CRAWFORD 3 1 1 0

The Saltcoats Structuralists 3110Alba Einstein 3111

W. N . HERBERT 3 1 1 2

Cabaret McGonagall 3112Smirr 3115

Political and Religious Orders 3117Money, Weights, and Measures 3123Literary and Cultural Terms 3125Bibliographies 3149Credits 3197Index 3203