The Jacksonian Era w/Foner Ch 10 Trimmed for quick review today
inc Faragher ch 11 etc.
Slide 2
The Triumph of Democracy for White Men Property and Democracy
By 1840, more than 90 percent of adult white men were eligible to
vote. By 1860, all but one state had eliminated property
requirements for voting.
Slide 3
The Triumph of Democracy As suffrage is seen as male, womens
participating in politics is seen as inappropriate by males Still,
widest suffrage in the world But Western Democracy is only one form
compared to, e.g., Native American forms of participation. 3
Pt.2
Slide 4
The Triumph of Democracy An Information Revolution: the Penny
Press Steam power helped the proliferation of the printing press.
Reduction in printing costs also resulted in alternative newspapers
by 1840. The Limits of Democracy The principle of universal
suffrage meant that white males of age constituted the political
nation.
Slide 5
The Triumph of Democracy? The Limits of Democracy How could the
word universal be reconciled with barring blacks and women from
political participation? A Racial Democracy Despite increased
democracy in America, blacks were seen as a group apart. Blacks
were often portrayed stereotypically.
Slide 6
Dandy Jim, a piece of sheet music from 1843 African Americans :
stereotyped as MINSTRAL Characters
Slide 7
The Bank of the United States Banks and Money The Second Bank
of the United States was a profit- making corporation that served
the government On other hand, Local banks promoted economic growth.
The Bank of the United States was supposed to prevent the over
issuance of money (which would cause inflation.)
Slide 8
The Panic of 1819 Banks and Money The Bank of the United States
participated in a speculative fever that swept the country after
the War of 1812.
Slide 9
The Panic of 1819 Early in 1819, as European demand for
American farm products returned to normal levels, the economic
bubble burst. The Panic of 1819 disrupted the political harmony of
the previous years. Americans continued to distrust banks.
Slide 10
The Missouri Compromise 1820 The Slavery Question The Missouri
Compromise was adopted by Congress in 1820. Missouri was admitted
to the Union as a slave state and, to maintain sectional balance,
Maine was admitted as a free state. Congress prohibited slavery
north of the 36 30' latitude in remaining Louisiana Purchase
territory.
Slide 11
Map 10.1 The Missouri Compromise, 1820
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The Slavery Question The Missouri debate highlighted that the
westward expansion of slavery was a passionate topic that might
prove to be hazardous to national unity. It will undo the nation
after the US-Mexican War (1846-1848) by the 1850s.
Slide 13
The U.S. and the Latin American Wars of Independence Between
1810 and 1822, Spains Latin American colonies rose in rebellion and
established a series of independent nations. In 1822, the Monroe
administration became the first government to extend diplomatic
recognition to the new Latin American republics.
Slide 14
The Monroe Doctrine Fearing that Spain would try to regain its
colonies, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams drafted the Monroe
Doctrine. 1) No new European colonization of the New World. 2) The
United States would abstain from European wars. 3)Europeans should
not interfere with new Latin American republics.
Slide 15
Elections 1824-1840 A) Election of 1824 -J. Q. Adams B)
Election of 1828 A. Jackson C) Election of 1832 A. Jackson D)
Election of 1836 - M. Van Buren E) Election of 1840 -Harrison/Tyler
15
Slide 16
Nation, Section, and Party Liberty Is Power: Adams view: Adams
held a view of federal power far more expansive than most of his
contemporaries. He stated that liberty is power. His plans alarmed
many. Whig-ish ideas before he was a Whig
Slide 17
The Election of 1828 By 1828, Van Buren had established the
political apparatus of the Democratic Party. Andrew Jackson
campaigned against John Quincy Adams in 1828. A far higher
percentage of the eligible electorate voted in 1828 than before.
Jackson won a resounding victory.
Slide 18
Map 10.4 The Presidential Election of 1828
Slide 19
Political Ideology The Second American Party System Democrats
vs. Whigs (founded 1833) (First was Federalists and Democrats
[Democratic-Republicans]) 19
Slide 20
Politics in The Age of Jackson Politics had become a spectacle.
Party machines emerged. Spoils system National conventions chose
candidates.
Slide 21
Democrats vs. Whigs Democrats and Whigs differed on issues that
emerged from the Market Revolution. Democrats favored no government
intervention in the economy. Whigs supported government promotion
of economic development through the American System.
Slide 22
Public and Private Freedom: Democrats vs Whigs The party
battles of the Jacksonian Era reflected the clash between public
and private definitions of American freedom and their relationship
to governmental power. Democrats supported a weak federal
government, championing individual and states rights. Whigs
believed that a strong federal government was necessary to promote
liberty & the Market Economy.
Slide 23
Politics and Morality: Democrats vs Whigs Democrats opposed
attempts to impose a unified moral vision on society. Whigs argued
that government should promote morality to foster the welfare of
the people.
Slide 24
Democrats vs. Whigs Democrats: base: rural, Southern, urban
workers. favored expansion, Indian removal Reduced expenditures
Reduced tariffs Abolished the National Bank Whigs: base: New
England, Middle Class. support American System, support Bank. 24
Pt.4
Slide 25
Sectional Leaders 1) Daniel Webster: Massachusetts Supported
high (protective) tariff Supported Northern commercial interests 2)
John C. Calhoun: South Carolina Supported expansion of slavery 3)
Henry Clay: Kentucky Supported the American System & sectional
compromise. 25 Pt.4
Slide 26
Henry Clay - Kentucky 26
Slide 27
Daniel Webster - Massachusetts 27
Slide 28
Andrew Jackson: Personal History Born March 15, 1767 Fought in
the Revolutionary War at age of 13 Entire family died due to war
(either killed in battle or of disease) Plantation owner - owned
over 100 slaves 28
Slide 29
General Andrew Jackson The Creek War: Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Was to avenge attack on Fort Mims by Red Sticks Assembled army of
militia and native American tribes After defeating Red Sticks, he
dictated the Treaty of Fort Jackson, which forced the Creeks to
cede 23 million acres of land to the U.S., including land that
belonged to many of the Creek who fought for him. 29
Slide 30
General Andrew Jackson War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans: Was
major-general in federal army Successfully defended from British
attacks Most popular victory (Even though battle was after war had
ended) It made him a national hero. 30
Slide 31
President Andrew Jackson President from 1829- 1837 Feared large
and powerful government No government involvement in economy Tariff
of Abominations: a tax as high as 1/3-1/2 of value on textiles and
iron Nullification crisis Tariff Act of 1833 31
Slide 32
The Age of Jackson South Carolina and Nullification Jacksons
first term was dominated by a battle to uphold the supremacy of
federal over state law. Tariff of 1828 South Carolina led the
charge for a weakened federal government in part from fear that a
strong federal government might act against slavery.
Slide 33
C) Election of 1832 Andrew Jackson* (Democrat) v. Henry Clay
(National Republican) William Wirt (Anti-Masonic Party first 3 rd
Party) 33 Pt.3 Henry Clay Andrew Jackson
Slide 34
Jackson & Indian Removal The expansion of cotton and
slavery led to forced relocation of Indians. Indian Removal Act of
1830 Five Civilized Tribes The law marked a repudiation of the
Jeffersonian idea that civilized Indians could be assimilated into
the American population.
Slide 35
Indian Removal
Slide 36
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
The Supreme Court and the Indians The Cherokee went to court to
protect their rights. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia Worcester v.
Georgia John Ross led Cherokee resistance. Trail of Tears The
Seminoles (in Florida) fought a war against removal
(18351842).
Slide 37
A lithograph from 1836 depicts Sequoia (Cherokee)
Slide 38
A Daily Insult to Native America? 38
Slide 39
Map 10.5 Indian Removals, 1830-1840
Slide 40
The 2 nd National Bank Jackson refuses to renew charter through
his vetoes Opponents so angry, it leads to the formation of a new
party, the Whigs 1816 2 nd Bank (chartered for 20 years) Private
institution w/ government charter, sold bonds, made commercial
loans, controlled currency through curbing inflation 40
Slide 41
The Bank War and After Biddles Bank The Bank of the United
States symbolized the hopes and fears inspired by the market
revolution. Jackson distrusted bankers as nonproducers. The Bank,
under its president Nicholas Biddle, wielded great power.
Slide 42
National Bank Fight Opponents: Land speculators and farmers:
Didnt mind inflation and feared the wealthy elite 42 State bank
directors: After the Panic of 1819, many haad blamed the Banks.
Pt.6
Slide 43
President Jackson & the Bank Feared that the elites would
use for their own advantage Bank tried to recharter in 1832
(election year), got approved, but was vetoed by Jackson Jackson
took out the $10 million from the bank and invested in state banks
Second Bank loses money and charter, and collapses and disappears
Greatest political victory 43
Slide 44
The Bank War and After Using language resonating with popular
values, Jackson vetoed a bill to renew the Banks charter. The Pet
Banks and the Economy Jackson authorized the removal of federal
funds from the vaults of the national bank and their deposit in
state or pet banks.
Slide 45
The Bank War and After The Pet Banks and the Economy Partly
because the Bank of the United States had lost the ability to
regulate the currency effectively, prices rose dramatically while
real wages declined. By 1836, the American government and the Bank
of England required gold or silver for payments.
Slide 46
The Times, an 1837 engraving that blames Andrew Jacksons
policies for the economic depression.
Slide 47
Conclusion The Expansion of the franchise (rite to vote) to all
white male citizens was a crucial step towards full democracy.
Andrew Jackson was an important President. Does that mean he is a
hero to valorize for the next generations? 47 ?
Slide 48
Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren* (Democrat) v. Sectional
candidates (Whig) 48 Pt.3
Slide 49
The Panic of 1837 With cotton exports declining, the United
States suffered a panic in 1837 and a depression until 1843. Van
Buren in Office Martin Van Buren approved the Independent Treasury
to deal with the crisis.
Slide 50
E) Election of 1840 Wm. Henry Harrison* (Whig) v. Martin Van
Buren (Democrat) Tippecanoe & Tyler too slogan referring to
burning of Prophets Town Harrison dies & VP Tyler takes
presidency 50 Pt.3
Slide 51
Map 10.6 The Presidential Election of 1840
Slide 52
President Tyler His Accidency Harrison died a month after
taking office. Tyler vetoed measures to enact the American System.
A Whig who was anti whig!
