The Invisible Truth about UVaropticians.org/state/uv_web.pdf · 380 nm – 500 nm Visible light Australian Sun Lens Standard 400 nm Approx. the wavelength the human eye is most sensitive

The Invisible Truth about UV

What do we know about

UV radiation?

Visible light

Visible light

Visible light

Visible light

Visible light

Visible light

Visible light

Visible light

Visible light

400 nm

Visible light

Australian Sun Lens Standard400 nm

Visible light

Australian Sun Lens Standard400 nm Protection recommended by

World Health Organisation (WHO)

Visible light


550 nm

Protection recommended by World Health Organisation (WHO)

Visible light


Approx. the wavelength the human eye is most sensitive for

550 nm


Visible light



550 nm


380 nm – 500 nm

Visible light



550 nm


380 nm – 500 nm

Visible light



550 nm


44444444444444

555555555

AuAAuAAussts raraaraaliiananan SSSSSununun LLLLLenenensssss StSttSttananandadadadadardrdrdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

ApApprproxox. ththee wawavevelelengngthth tthehe huhumamann eyeyee isis mmosostt sesensnsititivivee fofoffofofofoffoffofofffffffffofofoffofffoffofofoofooof rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

PPrPr tototecectititionon rrececomommeme dndnd deded bbby y yWoWoWoWoWoWoWoWoWoWoWoWWoWoWWoWoWWoWoWoWoWWoWoWoWWWoWoWoWWWWooWoWWoorlrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrlrrrrrrrrrrrlrlr d ddd HeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeeeeHeHeHHeHeHeHHeHeHeHHeHeeeHeHHeeHeHeeHHeeHeHealalalaaalaaaaaalalalaalaaaaalaalalllalalllllla thththththttththhthhthhhhththththththththththththtththhththhthhht Organissssssssssssssataaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ioioioiooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooon nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnWWWWWW( O)(WHO)(WHO)

44444

555

nmnmnmnmnmmmnmmmnmnmmnmmmmnmmnnmmmnmnmnmnmnnmnnmnmmnmnnmmmmmm

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

00000000000000000000000000 00 0 0000000000000000 00000000000 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

555000 nn

380 nm – 500 nm

Visible light



550 nm


Australian Sun Lens Standard4444444444

555555555

AuAuAAuuuuAuAAAuuuAuAuAuuuuuuustssssssstssstsstrararraaararraaarararaaaalilllillllilll ananaannanaaannaaannnaa SSSSSSSSSSSSununuununuunuuunuu LLLLLLLLLLLeneneenneneennneeennnee sssssssssssssss StStSStSttStStStStStSttananananananaannaannaa dadaddddaadadddaaadddaaadddaardrdrdrrdrdrrrddrdrdddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

ApApprproxox. ththee wawavevelelengngthth tthehe human eyye is most sensitive fofofofofofofofofoooofofofofofofofofofofooofofoffoofofoofoofofofoofoofofofofoofofooooorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

PPrPr tototecectititionon rrececomommeme dndnd deded bbby y WoWoWoWoWoWoWoWWoWoWoWoWoWoWWoWoWoWoWoWoWoWoWWoWoWoWoWoWoWWWWoWoWWoWWoWoWWoWWWWoWWoWWWWWoWWWorlrlrlrlrlrrlrlrrlrlrllrlrlrlrlrrlrlrlrrlrlrlrlrlrlrrlrlrlrlrllrrlrlr d dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd HeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeHeeHHeHHHeHeHHeeHeHeeHeHeHHHeeeeeeHealalalalalalaaaalalalalalalalalalalalalaalalalalalalaalaallaalaaaalaalalalalallalaa ththththhhhhhhhhthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOrganisatatatatatatataaatatatatataataatatatataaatatatatatattttttttttioiooioioioiooooooiooiooioiooioioooiiioioioooion n nnn nnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW( O)(WHO)(WHO)

44444

555

nmnmnmnmmnmnnmnmnmnmnmmmmnmmmmnmnnmnnmnmmnmnmmmmmmmnmmmmmmmmmmm

mm

000000000000000000 nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

555000 nn

What about blue light from screens!?

Shifting the conversation to the undisputed danger to the eye, UVR

It’s time to offer full UV protectionWhat do we know about UV radiation?

Ultra Violet (UV) rays are part of light transmitted by the sun, and is invisible to the human eye. It is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 100 nm to 400 nm. UV radiation is subdivided into three bands:

UVAUVB

UVCOzone Layer

Earth surface

95 %~ 5 %



UVA (also called UV near) extends from 315 to 400 nm, are the longest waves

UVAUVB

UVCOzone Layer

Earth surface

95 %~ 5 %




UVB (middle UV) extends from 280 to 315 nm. They are longer waves that reach the skin’s surface

UVAUVB

UVCOzone Layer

Earth surface

95 %~ 5 %





UVC (far UV) extends from 100 to 280 nm and are the shortest waves, which usually does not penetrate the Earth’s ozone layer.

UVAUVB

UVCOzone Layer

Earth surface

95 %~ 5 %






UVAUVB

UVCOzone Layer

Earth surface

95 %~ 5 %






UVAUVB

UVCOzone Layer

Earth surface

95 %~ 5 %

Issues Associated With UVR

SunburnDamages skin cells


WrinklesAccelerates skin aging



Skin CancerOften starts around eye and eye lids



Skin CancerOften starts around eye and eye lids

Eye Damage/DiseasesConjunctiva, Iris, Lens, and Retina

It’s time to offer full UV protectionHow does UV radiation affect the human eye?

Prolonged exposure to UV or high intensities of UV radiation (for example, in sunbeds) damages the tissues of eyes and can cause a ‘burning’ of the eye surface, called ‘snow blindness’ or photokeratitis.

UVA: 315 nm - 400 nm

UVB: 280 nm - 315 nm

UVC: 100 nm - 280 nm


UVA A significant part of UVA radiation is transmitted to the crystalline lens. A small part of the UVA that is not absorbed by the lens goes to the retina and may contribute to macular degeneration.


UVA: 315 nm - 400 nm

UVB: 280 nm - 315 nm

UVC: 100 nm - 280 nm



UVB The tear layer, cornea and aqueous fluid mainly absorb UVB radiation (all light below 300 nm). UVB also causes burning of the skin (sunburn). High levels / long exposure can cause a burning of the cornea (photokeratitis).


UVA: 315 nm - 400 nm

UVB: 280 nm - 315 nm

UVC: 100 nm - 280 nm



UVB The tear layer, cornea and aqueous fluid mainly absorb UVB radiation (all light below 300 nm). UVB also causes burning of the skin (sunburn). High levels / long exposure can cause a burning of the cornea (photokeratitis).

UVC UVC (far UV) extends from 100 to 280 nm and is the shortest wave, which usually does not penetrate the Earth’s ozone layer.


UVA: 315 nm - 400 nm

UVB: 280 nm - 315 nm

UVC: 100 nm - 280 nm

It’s time to offer full UV protectionEye health is too important to take risksConstant exposure to UV rays is not just harmful to the skin, but also to the eyes. Over time, it can cause various forms of eye diseases and accelerated aging of the tissue surrounding the eyes.

It’s time to offer full UV protectionEye health is too important to take risks

Photokeratitis Sunburn of the cornea due to excessive exposure.

Constant exposure to UV rays is not just harmful to the skin, but also to the eyes. Over time, it can cause various forms of eye diseases and accelerated aging of the tissue surrounding the eyes.



Photoaging and DNA change of skinPhotoaging of eyelids makes skin thicker and leads to prominent wrinkles.






Pinguecula Thickened deposed of fat, protein, and calcium.



CataractClouding of the eye’s crystalline lens, often as a result of excessive UV exposure.



Pinguecula Thickened deposed of fat, protein, and calcium.

ZEISS, Robert Spirito, VIS-NA Marketing 2018-01-04Carl Zeiss Vision Confidential

10

Long wavelength UVR penetrates deep into the skin, damaging eyelids and causing photoaging.


11ZZZZZEEEEEEEEEEIIZZEEEEZZEEEEEEIZEEEEEEEIZ IZZZEEEEEZEEEEZZEEIZZ SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS,, RRRoRooRooRRR bbbbeeeeeerebberbererbberbbeeeeebbbeeerrbbbbebbbbertttt SSSSSSSt SSSSSt SStt SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSttt SSSSttt SSSSSppiiiririrpiririrrrp rrpp rrp rrpp rrrppirriittotoittoititiititiittoito, VVVVV, VVVISISISSSSS-S-S-SSSSS-ISSSISISSISSSSS-SS-SSSSSSS NNANANANANANN MaMarMaararrarMMaMa kketketetetkeekkek ingngngnggngiinii 2012201201201220122022010 8-088 08-0008-008-008-0000-0008--8 01111-0001-00011-011111111-0-0111111 001111 00444444444444444444CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrllllll ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiisssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVViiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiissssssssssssssssssssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiioooooooooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnfffffffffffffffffffffffffffiiiiiiiiiiiiddddddddddddddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllllllllllEEIEEEIEEEEEIISSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS,,SSSS RRoRooRRo eeeerebbbbeeeerrbbbee Sttt SSSSSStt SSSSSpirppirrrpp rpp ittoitttooiitttttooooo, V, VVV, V,, ISSSISSSSSIISSS NNANAA NNN MarMaararM kkeketeeetkk ngingngiingnngingggEIEIEEIISSSSSSSS rb rr Sttt SSSStt SSSS tttttttt NNNN MMM kkeke 11111111111

Facts and Figures

Skin protection is already known.

But what about

protection for the eyes?

Only 21.2% wear sunglasses when being outdoors in the sun.*

Skin protection is already known.

But what about

protection for the eyes?

*Source: The Vision Council. “Eye Care & Protection", 2017.


13ZEISS, Roberererrrrttttt SSSSSSSt pirpirpirpiipirpirpirpirpip ititoitotoitooo, V, VVV, VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVIS-IS-IS-IS-IS-ISIS---IS------S NANANANNNNNNNANANAANNANANNAA MarMarMarMarMaMaMarMarararaaa ketketketketketketketettttttkettetetingingingingingingingingngingngingngngingingngingingingnggnn 2012020118-08-08-0088-0- 1-011-01-0-0-0-0-0444444444Carl ZZZZZZeeeeeeeeeeeiiiiiiisssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss VVVVVVVVVVVVVViiiiiiisssssssssiiiiiiiiiiooooooooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiidddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnntttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalllllllllllllllllllllllllllllEISS, Robert t t t SSSpirpirpirpirr toitoittooooooo, , V, VVV, VVV, V, ISISSSSSSISIS NANANA NANNANA ANA arMarMarMaraaMarM ketketketkekekketingingininiingngnnnngnggnginngnngnnngngnnnEISS, Robert t t t SSS tttt NN MMMMM ekekek 13

4 out of 5 clear lenses do not offer sunglass-level

UV protection

Various studies have found a correlation between cataract formation and the exposure to UV radiation. 6

6 McCarty CA, Taylor HR. A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Linking ultraviolet radiation and cataracts. Dev Ophthalmol. 2002;.

UV and Cataracts



UV and Cataracts

The WHO states roughly

% of all Cataracts are caused or enhanced by UV radiation.



UV and Cataracts

The WHO states roughly

% of all Cataracts are caused or enhanced by UV radiation. 20

of world blindness is caused by cataracts.*

48%

*Source: World Health Organization. “Causes of blindness and visual impairment." WHO, 2017.

UV and Skin cancer

Between of all skin cancers occur on the eyelids specifically. 8,9

8 Cook BE Jr, Bartley GB. Treatment options and future prospects for the management of eyelid malignancies: an evidence-based update. Ophthalmology2001 Nov; 108(11):2088-98.

9 Abraham J, Jabaley M, Hoopes JE. Basal cell carcinoma of the medial canthal region. Am J Surg 1973; Oct; 126(4):492-5.

The eyelid region is susceptible for UV damage and to develop skin cancers.

UV and Skin cancer





But the eye lid area is often not protected against UV radiation.

5 - 10 %

UV and Skin cancer





https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2017/07/06/misapplication-sunscreen-leaving-people-vulnerable-skin-cancer/

Did you know?

Liverpool University confirmed in a report (7/2017):Many people when putting sunscreen on their face

forget to creme eye suroundings.

But the eye lid area is often not protected against UV radiation.

5 - 10 %

In some “sun protection factor” formula, the ratio is 50:50 between direct UV and indirect UV is used.

According to recent ZEISS internal review the ratio is more 95:5 towards direct UV radiation. The opening angle is much larger towards the front. Light from the side/ back is already shaded by the head and the frame, and the right angle of incidence has to be met to reflected the light via the back surface of the lens into the eye.

If ratio is 95:5 it makes no sense having “Back UV Feature AR” only without blocking direct UV…

Direct vs. Indirect UV radiation

UV

100

1

65

1

64

10

1

9

TOTAL* = 65 units of UV reaching the eye

Competitor 1.5 Lens (355nm cut off) with low UV reflectance

UV

100

2

98

0

0

10

2

8

full absorption of UV

TOTAL* = 2 units of UV

ZEISS UVProtect Lenses with low UV reflectance

No 100% UVabsorption by lens material

Less then from front As partially shaded e.g by head, frame, etc

Less then from front As partially shaded e.g by head, frame, etc

SUN from behind SUN from behind

2

Direct SUN Direct SUN

65

Because Standard 1.5 material not blocks UV completely,Less UV reflectance of AR means more UV radiation enters the eye.

ZEISS waited for UVProtect to introduce Back UV AR,As only together this makes sense and protects sufficiently

UV light is always around. Even on cloudy days.

UV radiation is always around.

Ground reflectance of UV radiation can increase the intensity significantly and provides the eye with an “extra dose”


UV Reflectance of some surfaces: 16

Fresh snow Sea foam (surf) White house paint Dry sand (beach) Concrete pavement Grass



16. Sliney DH. Physical factors in cataractogenesis: ambient ultraviolet radiation and temperature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986 May;27(5):781-90.







• 88%







• 88%• 25–30%







• 88%• 25–30%• 22%







• 88%• 25–30%• 22%• 15-18%







• 88%• 25–30%• 22%• 15-18%• 8-12%







• 88%• 25–30%• 22%• 15-18%• 8-12%• 2-4%


Some people are more exposed to it.


▪ People working outdoors are exposed to more UV light than an average indoor worker. 17





10-20%



▪ Up to of the total UV we’re exposed to by age 60 occurs before we reach the age of 20. 18

17 International Agency for Research On Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Solar and ultraviolet radiation. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1992;55:1-316.18. Green AC, Wallingford SC, McBride, P. Childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation and harmful skin effects: Epidemiological evidence. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2011 Dec: 107(3): 349-355.


10-20%



▪ Up to of the total UV we’re exposed to by age 60 occurs before we reach the age of 20. 18

17 International Agency for Research On Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Solar and ultraviolet radiation. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1992;55:1-316.18. Green AC, Wallingford SC, McBride, P. Childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation and harmful skin effects: Epidemiological evidence. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2011 Dec: 107(3): 349-355.


10-20%

50%

According to Vision Watch, only 7.6% of parents report that their children always wear sunglasses outdoors.

ZEISS believes that our dress pair of eyeglasses should have sunglass level UV400 nm protectionAnd, that this level of protection is vital for all eyes, but especially those of our children.

ZEISS, Robert Spirito, VIS-NA Marketing 2018-01-04 2222

Early UV Protection+ Lifetime Protection

= Reduced Risk

23232

The Problem of UV


24

▪ 380nm is the optical industry UV definition for clear lenses

▪ 400nm is the globally recognized definition of UV

▪ Clear lenses, even polycarbonate lenses, do not protect eyes from Total Solar UV radiation up to 400 nm.

▪ UV back-side AR coatings only address the small amount (~5%) of reflected UV that gets to the back of a lens

UV Protection is a topic many consider already “solved”

Sunglasses

Imagine a sunny day!

Sunglasses

Imagine a sunny day! Sunglasses on!

Sunglasses


Sunglasses


The light intensity changes - Morning, Afternoon, Late Afternoon, Cloudy, and in Shade

In some situations your favorite sunglasses might be too darkyour eyes are uncomfortable.

Sunglasses




Sunglasses




Sunglasses




Other times they will not be dark enough you struggle with glare.

Sunglasses




Other times they will not be dark enough you struggle with glare.

UV IRRADIANCE…on Cloudy days, in shadows, and full sun.

Studies discuss mean UV exposure under clouds from 70-75%*.

*Calbo, J., & González, J. A. (2005). Empirical studies of cloud effects on UV radiation: A review. Reviews of Geophysics, 43(2).

UV IRRADIANCE…on Cloudy days, in shadows, and full sun.

Studies discuss mean UV exposure under clouds from 70-75%*.

*Calbo, J., & González, J. A. (2005). Empirical studies of cloud effects on UV radiation: A review. Reviews of Geophysics, 43(2).

SO WHAT CAN WE DO KNOWING THIS?

The Gap40% of solar UVR that reaches the Earth’s surface is in wavelengths that some lens standards ignore

The UV Index.

A good indicator when protection is recommended.

You might be surprised how high the UV Index is in your home town during the day.

Even in Central Europe & US; on asunny day in summer, the UV Indexeasily can exceed 7 on its peak.

UV Index 3 and above.

The WHO basic sun protection messages

• Limit exposure during midday hours.• Seek shade.• Wear protective clothing.• Wear a broad-brimmed hat to protect the eyes, face and neck.

• Protect the eyes with wrap-around design sunglasses or sunglasses with side panels.

• Use and reapply broad-spectrum sunscreen of sun protection factor (SPF)15+ liberally

• Avoid tanning beds.• Protect babies and young children.

“…Billions are spent worldwide to treat these diseases, many of which could have been prevented or delayed. The Global Solar UV Index should be an important element of an integrated and long-term public health approach to sun protection…”

(web page of the WHO)

http://www.who.int/uv/intersunprogramme/activities/uv_index/en/

!

UV IRRADIANCE…on sunny days:

Exposure depends on the location from the equator.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

J F M A M J J A S O N D

UV Index LA 34º NUV Index NY 41º NUV Index Anchorage 61º NUV Index Miami 26º N

Carl Zeiss Vision Confidential30

CCCCCCaarl ZZeisss VViisssiooooon CCoonnfffideennnttiiaaalll30

Current market standards for UV in lenses don’t always consider the full UV spectrum up to 400nm

380 StandardWhy 380 nm Standard?

• ISO 8980-3 chose 380 nm because it was simple• Even though their source document defined UVR

as up to 400 nm


32ZEEIZEZEIZEIZEISS,SSSS,SSSS, RRRoRoRRoRobebererberberrerrt St SSStt St iiipiirpirititoito, VIS-S NANAA MarMMM keting 20118-01-04CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrlllll ZZZZeiss VVVVViissiioon CCoonnffiidddentialEISSSS, RRRobbeerrertt Spirito, VIS NNAA A MMarM ketingEISSS b rrrtt S ito, VIS N MMM ke 323332

The new standard in patient care and UV protection

100%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

70%

65%

Total Solar UV radiation Protection*

1.5 Hard Resin

Current UV Protect

1.59 Polycarbonate

Current UV Protect

1.60 High Index

Ordinary UV Protect

*calculated from transmittance data from 280-400nm range using Solar spectralirradiance Es (λ), ISO 8980-3:2013

98%

58%

87%

100% 100%

60%

86%

PRODUCT SOLUTIONS…on sunny days.

What are the available solutions on the market against UV Radiation?• Sunglasses

• Cannot be worn all day• ZEISS UVProtect in any material

• Sunglass level UV protection in a clear lens• Photochromics

PRODUCT SOLUTIONS…on Cloudy days and in the shade.

What are the available solutions on the market against UV Radiation?• ZEISS UVProtect in any material

• Sunglass level UV protection in a clear lens• Photochromics

Seeing is Believing

Clear lens transmits UV Dark lens is UVProtect Absorbs all UV - none transmits to the eye

ZEISS sharing Innovation for the greater good!

Providing sunglass level UV protection in all of their clear lens materials at no additional charge

Documents

The Invisible Truth about UVaropticians.org/state/uv_web.pdf · 380 nm – 500 nm Visible light Australian Sun Lens Standard 400 nm Approx. the wavelength the human eye is most sensitive