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8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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JOINT CENTER FORENERGY STORAGE RESEAR
The Impact of Next GenerationElectricity Storage on the Grid
George CrabtreeDirector, JCESR
Argonne National aboratory!ni"er#ity of Illinoi# at Chicago
Outline$pport%nitie#& tran#portation and electricity gridCentral and di#trib%ted #torage
Grid of the f%t%re& #torage, #mart, di#trib%tedithi%m'ion or beyond lithi%m'ion(
EPIC
University of ChicagoDecember 9, 201
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Todayithi%m'ion batterie# enable the per#onal electronic# re"ol%tion
>ore"er changed the +ay +e interact+ith people and information
Tomorrow
)20* electric carsDis#lace gasoline cars+e#lace foreign oil "ith 'omesticelectricity +e'uce energy use an' carbon emissions
ri'-scale electricity storage.i'es#rea' 'e#loyment of "in' an' solar
Enhance reliability, /e ibility, resilienceUncou#le instantaneous generation
from instantaneous 'eman'
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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!S Energy Demand Tran#portation and Electricity Grid
T r a n # p o r t a t i
o n 8 @ =
R e # i d e n t i a l
C o m m e r c i a l
N o n ' e l e
c t r i c
4 4 =
E l e c t r i c i t y
G
r i d A B =
I n d % #
t r i a l
N o n ' e
l e c t r i c
8 8 =
Tran#portation 8@=
Electricity B=
834EIA 0onthly Energy Re"ie+ Table
8 4 70ay 8342:
er#onal electronic# 8=In energy term#, half the marFet forcar# and the grid i# 43x per#onalelectronic#
T+o bigge#t energy %#e#
.i'es#rea' 'e#loyment of electric cars an'storage on the gri' re uires ine #ensive, high
#erformance, ne t generation batteries
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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Tran#portation Challenge#
Replace fo##il +ith electric mobility rimary challenge#• Dri"ing range& h%ndred# of mile# in#tead of ten# of mile#• >a#t charging& min%te# in#tead of ho%r#• Inexpen#i"e& H83/ in#tead of H@3/ • Safe& ro%tine and exceptional circ%m#tance#
car cra#h in the rain(
Secondary challenge#Charging infra#tr%ct%re& local and long di#tance
Same tran#portation f%nctionality +ith alternati"e technology)ell de;ned challenge# and targeted o%tcome#
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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Electricity Grid Challenge#$pen ne+ hori.on# in grid architect%re and operation Ne+ grid electricity #er"ice#
• >irming %ct%ating rene+able#• Time #hifting exce## +ind and #olar to march demand• Replacing expen#i"e, dirty, ine cient peaFer plant# +ith
inexpen#i"e, clean e cient ba#eload• >reK%ency and "oltage reg%lation for %ltra'#teady, digital'
K%ality po+er• Integrate #torage +ith intelligence and di#trib%ted energy
re#o%rce# for Lgrid of the f%t%reM Secondary challenge#
• Reg%latory en"ironmentNot de#igned for #torageRi#F a"er#e to experiment# to te#t ne+ concept#
• 1%#ine## plan#& ho+ do %tilitie# embrace the grid of thef%t%re(
Dramatically di erent architect%re, f%nctionality and
#er"ice#1road ne+ hori.on# for inno"ation
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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40% of US primary energy devoted to electricity production
Electricity - the Great Enabler
source: EPR
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8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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Electricity as a Sustainable Energy Carrier
coalga#
heat mechanicalmotion electricity
comm%nication
digitalelectronic#
lightingheating
refrigeration
tran#portation
ind%#tryn%clear;##ion
9= of primary energy2= of C$ 8 emi##ion#5 = of energy lo#t
hydro+ind
f%el cell#
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#olarthermal
clean, e cient, "er#atileaccommodate# many#o%rce# and %#e#fo##il and rene+able
e '
e '
load
po+ergrid
Electric"ehicle#
CentralGeneration
Di#trib%ted!#e
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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Generation: Wind and Solar Electricity
Stable climateEnergy #ec%rity
Oiable technologie#on deployment path+emaining science challengesimpro"e e ciencylo+er co#t 4 B
@
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B
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!S )ind and SolarElectricity
C%m%lati"e In#talledCapacity
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(ve output: !) *+US ave use: 4,0 *+
- '&"% ofUS electricity
!,% growt./yr 40% wind and solarelectricity y #0'0
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Time of Day
ba#e loadcoal, n%clear
clean, e cientinexpen#i"e generation
Total !/ElectricityDemand dirty, ine cient,
expen#i"e generation
'ischar
gebattery clean, e cient
inexpen#i"egeneration
Generation& >lattten eaF# and Oalley#
Tipping pointco#t of batterie# le## than
co#t of peaFer plant
peaFpo+e
r
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y
di#patchablepo+er
e g , combinedcycle
nat%ral ga#
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48*49*49 4
Smart Grid& T+o )ay Informationand o+er >lo+#
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Add a ThirdDimen#ion$rea%s the century ol'
constraint to matchinstantaneous generation to
instantaneous 'eman'
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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Use7 Distribute' Energy 4 Energy 5torage 4 5mart ri' 8icrogri'
Tailor #er"ice forc%#tomer
• +esi'ence• eighborhoo'• O:ce buil'ings• 5ho##ing center • ;actory • Cam#us• 8ilitary base
$ne #i.e doe# not ;t all
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• &ocal energy management • +ene"able generation• Co-generation7 electricity4heating• 5hort 'elivery 'istance• +e'uce' 'e#en'ence on gri'• 5ervice #ro<le tailore' to customer • =Personali6e'> energy
A net+orF ofinteracting microgrid#
A DC 0icrogrid(DC component#• 5olar #anel• $attery • &ED lighting• Electronics• Everything e ce#t motors5hort 'elivery 'istance5im#li<e', less e #ensive
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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!#e& )hich Side of the0eter(
Pome1attery
http&**+++ a%toe"ol%tion com*ne+#*;r#t'image#'+ith'te#la#'home'battery'leaFed'co%ld'be'rated'at'more'than'233'F+h'B234B html
Store exce## electricity in home battery for later %#e!#e 23= le## electricity from grid
Threaten# %tility b%#ine## plan
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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+ith high performance, lo+ co#t energy #torage Mission
Deli"er electrical energy #torage +ith ;"e time# the energyden#ity and one';fth the co#t of today # commercial batterie#
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di#co"ery #cience, battery de#ign, re#earch prototyping andman%fact%ring collaboration in a #ingle highly interacti"eorgani.ation
8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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Beyond Lithium-Ion Battery Space is Rich and Unexplored
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Pers#ective:i ion; Tran#form tran#portation and electricity grid +ith high
performance, lo+ co#t energy #torage
8i ion; Deli"er electrical energy #torage +ith ;"e time# theenergy den#ity and one';fth the co#t *eyond lithium ion
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A library of the fundamental !ien!e of the material# and
phenomena of energy #torage at atomic and molec%lar le"el#T"o #rototy#e $ one for tran #ortation and one for the ele!tri!ity%rid , that, +hen #caled %p to man%fact%ring, ha"e the potential to meet
JCESR # performance and co#t goal#A ne" #aradi%m for battery R&D that integrate# di#co"ery #cience,
battery de#ign, re#earch prototyping and man%fact%ring collaboration ina #ingle highly interacti"e organi.ation
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opport%nity
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S%pplemental Slide#
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roof'of'conceptrototype# Tran#portation
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8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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8/15/2019 The Impact of Next Generation Storage on the Electric Grid
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201
Tran#portation Energy Storage Arc0%lti"alent'ion Intercalation
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48*49*49
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+ard a Non'aK%eo%# Redox >lo+ Grid 1attery
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Ion #airs are common in 'ivalent solvation shells Bnions an' solvents in 'ivalent solvation shells
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