The Human Body

10 Systems of the Body

• Skeletal• Muscular• Nervous

• Circulatory• Respiratory

• Immune• Digestive• Urinary

• Hormonal • Reproductive

For each body system, it is important that you understand its

functions and structures. • Function- what does it do or its purpose???

• Structure – what is it made up of ???

For example, what are the functions and structures of the following?

The Skeletal System

Functions:

1. Movement

2. Support

3. Protection

Structures:1. 206 Bones

Fun Important Facts

• The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body

• The most common broken bone is the clavicle (collarbone)

The Muscular System

Functions:

1. Movement

2. Protection

Structures:1. 640 Muscles

Fun Important Facts

• The strongest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus

• Eye muscles are the busiest (they move over 100,000 times a day)

The Nervous System

• Functions:

1. Controls everything you do

2. Sends information through nerves

• Divisions of the Nervous System:1.Brain and Spinal Cord (Central Nervous System)

2. Nerves (The Peripheral Nervous System)

Your Brain!!!!!!Cerebellum: Balance and movementFrontal Lobe: controls, mood, motivation, & aggressionParietal Lobe: Controls sensory informationOccipital: Controls VisionTemporal-controls sense of smell, hearing, memory, thought, and judgment.

Your nervous system is so quick and

smart, it says to your hand “hey moron, that’s hot” so you know to move your

hand.

Fun Important Facts

• Message are sent at speeds of 250 miles

• The average brain weights 3 pounds

The Respiratory SystemFunctions:1. Breathing2. Gets oxygen to the cells

Structures:Nose (warms air)Pharynx (upper throat)Larynx (voice box)Trachea (windpipe)Bronchi (tubes that bring air to lungs) Lungs (exchange air)Diaphragm (muscle that separates lungs from stomach)

Fun Important Facts

• Cilia stops working for 15 minutes when you smoking

• The nose can remember 50,000 different smells

Cilia are hair like structures that line

your lungs. They help move germs and

other armful substances out of

your body.

The Cardiovascular System• Functions:

1. Pumps blood through body

Structures:HeartBloodVeinsArteriesCapillaries

Fun Important Facts

• Your blood vessels are 80,000 miles long • A drop of Blood has 250 million red blood cells.

80,000 miles = 3 times around the earth

NY to LA is about 3,000 miles. So you could drive there and back 12 times.

4 blood types – A, B, AB, and O

Type You Can Give Blood To You Can Receive Blood From

A+ A+  AB+ A+  A-  O+  O-

O+ O+  A+  B+  AB+ O+  O-

B+ B+  AB+ B+  B-  O+  O-

AB+ AB+ Everyone

A- A+  A-  AB+  AB- A-  O-

O- Everyone O-

B- B+  B-  AB+  AB- B-  O-

AB- AB+  AB- AB-  A-  B-  O-

The Hormonal System• Functions:

1. Regulates body

2. Secretes hormones

Structures:• Pituitary Gland (controls growth)• Thyroid Gland (controls metabolism) • Adrenal Glands (produces adrenaline)• Pancreas (Secretes insulin) • Ovaries (produce estrogen)• Testes (produce testosterone)

Fun Important Facts• The tallest person in history was Robert Wadlow

at 8 feet 11 inches.• Controls metabolism, energy, and moods

The Urinary System

• Functions:1. Cleans your blood2. Eliminates the waste as urine

• Structures:1. Kidneys (filter blood)2. Bladder (collects urine from kidneys)3. Ureters (carries urine from kidneys to bladder)4. Urethra (tube that carries it out of body)

Fun Important Facts

Your Bladder can hold 2 cups of urine for 5 hours.

Your blood goes through your kidneys 400 times a day

The Digestive System

Functions:1. Breaks down food

2. Eliminates waste (poop )

Structures:1.Mouth (breaks down food)2 Salivary Glands (Secretes saliva)3 Tongue (prepares food to be swallowed)4 Esophagus (tube food passes through)5 Stomach (food is stored and mixed with juices)6 Small Intestine (absorbs the food)7 Large Intestine (removes water from food and

eliminates waste)

Fun Important Facts

• The small intestine is 21 feet long• We produce 3 pints of Saliva every day

The Immune SystemFunctions:1. Kills and Fights off diseases

2. Helps keep body healthy and strong

Structures:

1. Tonsils (catch incoming germs)

2. Lymph Nodes (filter foreign objects)

3. Spleen (destroys old and damaged cells)

4. Bone Marrow (produce blood cells)

Fun Important Facts• Only 20% of people wash

their hands after using the restroom! GROSS

• Laughing can make your immune system stronger

( 6 year olds laugh over 300 times a day while adults laugh 15-20 times.)

The healthier you are, the healthier your immune system is

Vs.

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The human body is an amazing thing!

Take good care of it because you only get one.