THE HOLOCAUSTTHE HOLOCAUST

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:

DEFINE THE TERMS HOLOCAUST AND DEFINE THE TERMS HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE.GENOCIDE.

DESCRIBE ANTI- JEWISH POLICIES DESCRIBE ANTI- JEWISH POLICIES PASSED BY THE NAZIS IN THE 1930’S.PASSED BY THE NAZIS IN THE 1930’S.

IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE HITLER’S IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE HITLER’S “FINAL SOLUTION” PROGRAM.“FINAL SOLUTION” PROGRAM.

DESCRIBE THE CONCENTRATION AND DESCRIBE THE CONCENTRATION AND DEATH CAMPS USED IN WW II.DEATH CAMPS USED IN WW II.

DEFINTIONS:DEFINTIONS:

HOLOCAUSTHOLOCAUST A PROGRAM OF MASS MURDERA PROGRAM OF MASS MURDER

GENOCIDE GENOCIDE THE ANNIHILATON OF ENTIRE RACE THE ANNIHILATON OF ENTIRE RACE

OF PEOPLEOF PEOPLE

HOLOCAUST STATISTICSHOLOCAUST STATISTICS

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000

BEFORE SURVIVORS

JEWISHPOPULATION

PROGRESSION OF PROGRESSION OF DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS JEWSDISCRIMINATION TOWARDS JEWS

The NAZI party and Adolf Hitler seized The NAZI party and Adolf Hitler seized power in 1933 and slowly began their power in 1933 and slowly began their program against the Jews of Germanyprogram against the Jews of Germany

In 1933 there were 566,000 Jews In 1933 there were 566,000 Jews living in Germany.living in Germany.

Each new year in Germany led to Each new year in Germany led to harsher policies directed towards the harsher policies directed towards the Jews.Jews.

19331933 NAZIS boycott Jewish NAZIS boycott Jewish

businessesbusinesses issue decree that issue decree that

defines non-Aryansdefines non-Aryans Hermann Goering Hermann Goering

creates the GESTAPOcreates the GESTAPO first concentration first concentration

camps are builtcamps are built Dachau - 3/22/33Dachau - 3/22/33

19341934 Jews are not allowed Jews are not allowed

to have national to have national health insurancehealth insurance

the SS (Schutzstaffel) the SS (Schutzstaffel) is formedis formed

Hitler becomes Der Hitler becomes Der Fuherer and receives Fuherer and receives a 90% approval rating a 90% approval rating from the peoplefrom the people

1935- Nuremberg Race 1935- Nuremberg Race LawsLaws

M arry o r h av e sexw ith A rya ns

h ire A rya n w o m ena s m a ids

h a ve r ig h ts o fc i t izen sh ip

Je w s a re no t a llow e d to :

19361936 SS Deathshead SS Deathshead

division is created division is created to guard campsto guard camps

Heinreich Himmler Heinreich Himmler is appointed Chief of is appointed Chief of the German Policethe German Police

Olympic games in Olympic games in Berlin, Jews treated Berlin, Jews treated better - briefly.better - briefly.

19371937 Jews are not allowed Jews are not allowed

to teach Germansto teach Germans not allowed to be not allowed to be

accountants or accountants or dentistsdentists

““Eternal Jew” exhibit Eternal Jew” exhibit opened in Germanyopened in Germany

this promoted stereo-this promoted stereo-types of Jews and types of Jews and warned Germanswarned Germans

19381938 Nazi troops enter Nazi troops enter

AustriaAustria League of Nations League of Nations

considers helping considers helping Jews fleeing Hitler, Jews fleeing Hitler, but no country will but no country will take themtake them

Jews are not allowed Jews are not allowed to practice medicineto practice medicine

1939-KRISTALLNACHT1939-KRISTALLNACHT

Night of Broken GlassNight of Broken Glass Jewish stores, shops Jewish stores, shops

and synagogues and synagogues burned downburned down

Took place because Took place because a German official was a German official was killed in Paris by a killed in Paris by a JewJew

November 9, 1939 November 9, 1939

19391939 Reinhard Heydrich is Reinhard Heydrich is

ordered to speed up ordered to speed up emigration of Jewsemigration of Jews

The The St. LouisSt. Louis is turned is turned away from the US.away from the US.

Jews must hand over Jews must hand over all gold and silver.all gold and silver.

Nazi troops seize Nazi troops seize CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

350,000 Jews350,000 Jews

POLAND 1939POLAND 1939 Sept. 1, 1939 Nazis Sept. 1, 1939 Nazis

invade Polandinvade Poland 3.35 million Jews3.35 million Jews Hans Frank becomes Hans Frank becomes

governor of Polandgovernor of Poland Forced labor decree Forced labor decree

issued and all Jews issued and all Jews must wear yellow must wear yellow starsstars

“I ask nothing of Jews except that they should disappear”

19401940 German Jews are German Jews are

deported to Polanddeported to Poland Ghettos of Lodz, Ghettos of Lodz,

Krakow and Warsaw Krakow and Warsaw are sealed off.are sealed off.

Total of 600,000 JewsTotal of 600,000 Jews These ghettos will be These ghettos will be

liquidated starting in liquidated starting in 19421942 German soldiers rounding up

Jews to be placed in ghettos

19411941 Nazis invade the Nazis invade the

Soviet UnionSoviet Union Jewish population of Jewish population of

3 million3 million Hitler issues Hitler issues

infamous infamous “Commissar Order”“Commissar Order”

SS Einsatzgruppen SS Einsatzgruppen follow advance of follow advance of German ArmyGerman Army

“Liquidate all Communist officials you encounter!

EinsatzgruppenEinsatzgruppen SS “Special Action Groups” organized in SS “Special Action Groups” organized in

early years of war by Reinhard Heydrichearly years of war by Reinhard Heydrich Heydrich organized 4 large groups Heydrich organized 4 large groups

(A,B,C,D) in Soviet Union(A,B,C,D) in Soviet Union Competition between group leaders to Competition between group leaders to

see who could kill the most Jewssee who could kill the most Jews 1,300,000 Russian Jews killed by end of 1,300,000 Russian Jews killed by end of

war by these “mobile killing units”war by these “mobile killing units”

EINSATZ AREA OF OPERATIONS

Wannsee ConferenceWannsee Conference

Heydrich was ordered by Hermann Heydrich was ordered by Hermann Goering to prepare a “final solution” to Goering to prepare a “final solution” to the Jewish question the Jewish question

Heydrich organized a meeting with 15 Heydrich organized a meeting with 15 top Nazi officials in Berlin = Jan. 20, 1942top Nazi officials in Berlin = Jan. 20, 1942

Nazis would attempt to exterminate the Nazis would attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe, an entire Jewish population of Europe, an estimated 11 million personsestimated 11 million persons

Reinhard HeydrichReinhard Heydrich Nicknamed “The Nicknamed “The

Blond Beast” and Blond Beast” and “Hangman Heydrich”“Hangman Heydrich”

second in command second in command of Gestapo and SSof Gestapo and SS

principle planner of principle planner of the Final Solutionthe Final Solution

Brigadier General in Brigadier General in SS at the age of 30SS at the age of 30

Heydrich and Final Heydrich and Final SolutionSolution

““Europe would be Europe would be combed of Jews combed of Jews from East to West”from East to West”

““Madagascar Plan”Madagascar Plan” ordered Einsatzs to ordered Einsatzs to

round up and kill round up and kill Jews in occupied Jews in occupied countriescountries

leader of RSHAleader of RSHA

Heydrich assassinated Heydrich assassinated 19421942

Czech underground Czech underground agents bombed his agents bombed his carcar

SS hunted down and SS hunted down and killed 1000 suspectskilled 1000 suspects

Czech town of Lidice Czech town of Lidice was liquidatedwas liquidated

Hilter called him Hilter called him “The man with the “The man with the iron heart.”iron heart.” 172 men shot in village of

Lidice in retaliation.

FINAL SOLUTIONFINAL SOLUTION ““Now judgement has begun and it will reach its Now judgement has begun and it will reach its

conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews has been erased from the earth!” Nazi has been erased from the earth!” Nazi NewspaperNewspaper

there were 3 phases of the Nazi plan to wipe out there were 3 phases of the Nazi plan to wipe out the Jewish population of Europethe Jewish population of Europe

http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=63http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=6381388138

http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=48http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=4802960296

Phase 1 = ShootingPhase 1 = Shooting

Jews were rounded Jews were rounded up and told they up and told they were to be relocatedwere to be relocated

They were taken to They were taken to the woods and were the woods and were shot one by oneshot one by one

their bodies were their bodies were buried in mass buried in mass gravesgraves

Phase 2 = Gas VansPhase 2 = Gas Vans

Again, Jews were Again, Jews were rounded up and told rounded up and told they were to be they were to be relocated in vansrelocated in vans

The vans were The vans were equipped so that equipped so that the van’s exhaust the van’s exhaust was piped back into was piped back into the vanthe van

700,000 Jews killed in Vans

Problems with Phases Problems with Phases 1,21,2

The Nazis encountered several problems The Nazis encountered several problems with the executions and gas vanswith the executions and gas vans

First, they were both taking to much timeFirst, they were both taking to much time Second, resources such as gas and Second, resources such as gas and

munitions were becoming scarcemunitions were becoming scarce Third, soldiers involved were beginning to Third, soldiers involved were beginning to

have psychological problems with what have psychological problems with what they were doing.they were doing.

Phase 3 = The CampsPhase 3 = The Camps

Nazi leaders decided to drastically Nazi leaders decided to drastically speed up the Final Solutionspeed up the Final Solution

there were two different types of there were two different types of camps:camps:

CONCENTRATION CAMPSCONCENTRATION CAMPS EXTERMINATION CAMPSEXTERMINATION CAMPS Jews from all over occupied Europe Jews from all over occupied Europe

were to be brought here.were to be brought here.

CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION

100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe prisoners used for forced laborprisoners used for forced labor prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2

yearyear communists, homosexuals, criminals, communists, homosexuals, criminals,

social-democrats, artists.social-democrats, artists. First camp was opened in 1933, right First camp was opened in 1933, right

after Nazis came to powerafter Nazis came to power

RAVENSBRUCKRAVENSBRUCK Camp for women onlyCamp for women only run by German run by German

women who were women who were criminalscriminals

prisoners worked on prisoners worked on remodeling fursremodeling furs

50,000 killed50,000 killed 14,000 rescued by 14,000 rescued by

Swedish diplomatSwedish diplomat Count Folke Bernadette negotiating for prisoners

THERESIENSTADTTHERESIENSTADT

Most humane campMost humane camp well connected Jews well connected Jews

and war veteransand war veterans Jews married to Jews married to

Aryans could pay to Aryans could pay to go to this campgo to this camp

Red Cross inspected Red Cross inspected this camp, good ratingthis camp, good rating

stop over on the way stop over on the way to Auschwitzto Auschwitz Jewish band playing for Red

Cross inspection team

EXTERMINATIONEXTERMINATION Started out as ordinary concentration Started out as ordinary concentration

campscamps later modified with gassing installations for later modified with gassing installations for

use on humans, now “DEATH CAMPS”use on humans, now “DEATH CAMPS” two sub-groups:two sub-groups: 1) Majdanek and Auschwitz, Birkenau1) Majdanek and Auschwitz, Birkenau 2) Operation Reinhard camps and Chelmno2) Operation Reinhard camps and Chelmno ““NAZIS GET CLOSE TO CREATING HELL ON NAZIS GET CLOSE TO CREATING HELL ON

EARTH!!!”EARTH!!!”

CHELMNOCHELMNO

Jews from the Lodz ghetto in Poland sent here

First death camp built = 1941

First to use Gas Vans on

Jews

CAMPS IN POLAND

MAJDANEKMAJDANEK

Established in 1941 Established in 1941 as a POW campas a POW camp

started its part in the started its part in the Final Solution in 1942Final Solution in 1942

Jews, Poles and Jews, Poles and Soviet POW’s sent Soviet POW’s sent herehere

had two gas had two gas chambers to chambers to exterminateexterminate

AUSCHWITZAUSCHWITZ Started operations in January 1940 Started operations in January 1940

(Poland)(Poland) Himmler chose Auschwitz as the place Himmler chose Auschwitz as the place

for the Final Solutionfor the Final Solution had 4 gas chambers/crematories by 1943 had 4 gas chambers/crematories by 1943 mass killings with Zyklon B gasmass killings with Zyklon B gas commanded by Rudolph Hoesscommanded by Rudolph Hoess recorded 12,000 kills in one dayrecorded 12,000 kills in one day

THE SS AT AUSCHWITZTHE SS AT AUSCHWITZORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM

JEWS

TEETH WITH GOLD

PILES OF GLASSES

ZYKLON-BZYKLON-BGAS USED TO KILL VERMIN. IT WAS INEXPENSIVE

COMPARED TO GAS. DROPPED FROM CEILINGS

Dr. Josef MengeleDr. Josef Mengele

Arrived in Arrived in Auschwitz in May Auschwitz in May of 1943of 1943

SS Doctor who had SS Doctor who had power of life/deathpower of life/death

performed medical performed medical experiments on experiments on Jewish children Jewish children

“ANGEL OF DEATH”

MEDICAL MEDICAL EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS

Sterilization of men and womenSterilization of men and women endurance of pain to high and low endurance of pain to high and low

temperatures and pressuretemperatures and pressure experiments on twins to increase number experiments on twins to increase number

of multiple births to Aryan womenof multiple births to Aryan women injections of phenol to kill patientsinjections of phenol to kill patients Dr. Mengele attempted to sew children Dr. Mengele attempted to sew children

together to make Siamese twins together to make Siamese twins

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTSMEDICAL EXPERIMENTS

EXTRACTED HUMAN ORGANS

EXPERIMENTS ON CHILDREN IN AUSCHWITZ

OPERATION REINHARDOPERATION REINHARD

Largest single massacre of HolocaustLargest single massacre of Holocaust March 1942-November 1943March 1942-November 1943 named after Reinhard Heydrichnamed after Reinhard Heydrich carried out at three camps, run by the carried out at three camps, run by the

SSSS every Jew that arrived at one of the every Jew that arrived at one of the

camps would be dead in 2 hours.camps would be dead in 2 hours. Total of 1,700,000 Jews killedTotal of 1,700,000 Jews killed

BELZECBELZEC

MARCH 1942MARCH 1942 JEWS FROM LUBIN JEWS FROM LUBIN

GHETTO- POLANDGHETTO- POLAND OPERATIONS STOP OPERATIONS STOP

DECEMBER 1942DECEMBER 1942 CAMP WAS CAMP WAS

DISMANTLED AND DISMANTLED AND PLOWED OVER PLOWED OVER AND PLANTED ONAND PLANTED ON

SOBIBORSOBIBOR

MAY 1942MAY 1942 3 GAS CHAMBERS3 GAS CHAMBERS ESCAPE OF 300 ESCAPE OF 300

JEWS AND SOVIET JEWS AND SOVIET POW’SPOW’S

ONLY 50 LIVEONLY 50 LIVE GAS CHAMBERS GAS CHAMBERS

SHUT DOWN AFTER SHUT DOWN AFTER ESCAPEESCAPE

TREBLINKATREBLINKA

JEWS FROM JEWS FROM WARSAW GHETTOWARSAW GHETTO

10 GAS CHAMBERS10 GAS CHAMBERS LOCATED EAST OF LOCATED EAST OF

WARSAWWARSAW BODIES WERE BODIES WERE

BURNED IN OPEN BURNED IN OPEN PITSPITS

AUGUST 1943AUGUST 1943

Camp TotalsCamp Totals

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

Auschwitz Belzec Chelmo

killed in camp

STATISTICS BY COUNTRYSTATISTICS BY COUNTRY

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

POLAND USSR HUNGARY GERMANY

BEFOREAFTER

Jewish population before, Jewish population after Holocaust