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The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013

The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

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Page 1: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 2: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust

The Holocaust or Sho’ah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 3: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust The translation of the word Sho’ah

in Hebrew denotes a disaster, catastrophe, calamity or absolute destruction.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 4: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust

It was the culmination of many hundreds of years of anti-semitism in Europe.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 5: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust The extermination of

the Jews was rooted in the myth that they were attempting to control the world which was the antithesis of the Aryan ideal.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 6: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust

The Holocaust also included the murder of other groups of people such as:

a) Gypsies

b) Homosexuals

c) The disabled

d) Soviet POW’s

e) Jehovah’s Witnesses.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 7: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust The Holocaust occurred in stages:

a) Legislative restrictions on civil rights

b) Restricted movements within society

c) Confiscation of Jewish property

d) Creation of ghettos

e) Forced removal to concentration camps

f) “Selections” within the camps

g) Random executions

h) Gas chambers.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 8: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust The Germans were

meticulous in cataloguing all the material goods of the Jews, as well as their movements and extermination details.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 9: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

The Holocaust Another horrendous aspect of the Holocaust was

the degree of medical experimentation which occurred on living subjects.

Such tests included:

a) Cold water immersion

b) Amputations

c) Sterilisations

d) Freezing

e) Injections of chemicals into the body

f) Experiments on twins.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 10: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Pogroms Kristallnacht (1938) or

“crystal night” was a pogrom unleashed against the Jews.

Essentially it involved a night where Jews were attacked and there was a significant amount of Jewish property which was vandalised.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 11: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Pogroms 7000 shops and nearly

2000 synagogues were destroyed that evening.

The pogroms led to mass evacuation of the Jews from many nations in Europe.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 12: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Ghettos Ghettos were a method

of separating and controlling Jews in a segregated area of a city.

It was a space that held many thousands but was suitable for only hundreds of people.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 13: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Ghettos

The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest with 380,000 Jews contained within and approximately 40,000 people died within its walls.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 14: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Ghettos

In Poland ghettos were created to initially both contain the Jews and to get them working for the German war “machine”.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 15: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Ghettos

Inside the ghettos people were deprived of almost every aspect of a reasonable life.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 16: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Ghettos

 The ghettos were to be a place of transition until “resettlement in the east”, but ultimately they were prisons before transport to the extermination camps.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 17: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations Ultimately the hangings,

shootings, use of grenades and random bashings were considered to be too slow as a method of murdering the Jews.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 18: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations They were transported to extermination

camps for both work and death. The transport system was via cattle trains

where the Jews were herded in for the long journeys to “resettlement”.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 19: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations Once at the camps a

selection process occurred whereby able-bodied workers were assigned jobs and children, the elderly, disabled and unfit were sent for extermination.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 20: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations The Nazis tortured their

prisoners further by telling them they were heading for the showers and therefore needed to strip down and surrender their clothes.

Outside the gas chamber was a sign which read “spa”.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 21: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations Once people were

inside the chamber (which held up to 1,200) a pellet of Zyklon-B was dropped which released hydrogen-cyanide.

People either died instantly or within 20 minutes.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 22: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations

When the bodies were removed from the chambers the Germans continued their desecration by removing gold fillings from teeth and shaving the women’s heads.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 23: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations

Towards the end of WWII 8,000 people per day were executed in Auschwitz.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 24: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Exterminations In addition to

extermination camps such as Auschwitz, there were also work camps such as Dachau.

The focus of these camps was hard labour, yet many died here as well from disease, starvation and exposure.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 25: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Jewish Resistance Jews attempted resistance of the Nazis

via many methods, most of which ended in their summary executions.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 26: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Jewish Resistance

Other methods they tried were:

a) Passive resistance

b) Bribery

c) Delays

d) Bargaining

e) Negotiation

f) Hostile resistance

g) Underground resistance movements.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 27: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Death Marches

As the war drew to an end, the Nazis did all in their power to exterminate the remaining prisoners and to cover up the atrocities.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 28: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Death Marches

Mass graves were dug up and the bodies cremated.

Crematoriums were dynamited and the gas chambers were dismantled.

Farmers were also encouraged to plant crops over certain areas to cover evidence.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 29: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Death Marches The remaining

prisoners were either executed or were forced into marching from one camp to another to join trains for shipment to another extermination camp. 

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 30: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Death Marches

During these “death marches”, the already exhausted and sick prisoners faced exposure and starvation.

Those who were too slow were shot. It is estimated that 250,000 Jews died on

the death marches.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 31: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Death Marches

Slowly over 1944 and 1945 the camps were liberated by the Soviets, Americans and British.

The horrors they found there were unimaginable.

© Karen Devine 2013

Page 32: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

Pause Point

© Karen Devine 2013

• Watch this film on the Holocaust.

Page 33: The Holocaust © Karen Devine 2013. The Holocaust The Holocaust or Shoah, was the murder of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War

© Karen Devine 2013

Question Time

• Why do some people deny that the holocaust occurred?