The History of our Catholic Church - stchristine.org · The History of our Catholic Church ... • Pope Paul III – Affirmation of 7 sacraments ... • Pope Paul VI

The History of our Catholic Church

Highlights and a Few Lowlights, too!

Cindy Kravec

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Our Catholic Church

•  4 Characteristics – Catholic

Our Catholic Church

•  4 Characteristics – Catholic – One

Our Catholic Church

•  4 Characteristics – Catholic – One – Holy

Our Catholic Church

•  4 Characteristics – Catholic – One – Holy – Apostolic

Patristic Period

•  AD 50 – 600 –  1st Century

•  Spread of the church



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Patristic Period

•  AD 50 – 600 –  1st Century

•  Spread of the church • AD 64

–  Nero

•  First persecutions begin

2nd and 3rd Century Church

•  Definite leadership form – The hierarchy of the church as we know it

today – First empire wide persecutions



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4th Century Church

•  Constantine • Edict of Milan

–  Religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire –  Churches –  Sundays and Holy Days

– Council of Nicaea • Arian crisis •  Father and the Son are “of the same substance”

4th Century Church

•  AD 381 – Council of Constantinople

•  Father and Son are “one in being” • Beginnings of our profession of faith

– Official religion of the Roman Empire

5th Century Church

•  AD 431 – Council of Ephesus

• Mary honored as the Mother of God

•  AD 451 – Council of Chalcedon

•  Jesus exists in 2 natures (divine and human) which come together to form the one undivided person of Jesus Christ

The Church of the Middle Ages

•  AD 600 – 1300 – Christendon

7th Century Church

•  6th Ecumenical Council – AD 680-81

•  Jesus had both a divine and human nature and therefore he had to have both a divine and human will

8th - 10th Century Church

•  Charles the Great (768 – 814) – Lay investiture –  “Baptized with water or blood”

– Political instability – Weak popes – Fall of monasteries



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Poll: What major church event occured in 1054 ...

11th Century

•  Pope Gregory VII – Dictatus Papae

•  Pope has universal authority in the Church

•  1054 •  – Schism between Church of the East and Church of the West

12th Century

•  1095 – 1291 – The Crusades

•  1095 1st Crusade •  1146 2nd Crusade •  1189 3rd Crusade

– Transubstantiation

13th Century

•  Pope Innocent II –  4th Lateran Council

• Duties of Catholics

13th Century

•  Pope Innocent II –  4th Lateran Council

• Duties of Catholics

– The Inquisition

14th Century Church Late Middle Ages

•  1378 – 1417 – The “Great Schism” of the Popes –  1414 – 1418 Council of Constance

The Protestant Reformation

•  1517 - 1650 •  Causes

– Simony

The Protestant Reformation

•  1517 - 1650 •  Causes

– Simony –  Indulgences – Popes preoccupied with political affairs

•  5th Lateran Council – Reforms called for, but never put into effect



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The Protestant Reformation •  Martin Luther

–  95 Theses

–  2nd Major split of Christianity

The Protestant Reformation •  Martin Luther

–  95 Theses

–  2nd Major split of Christianity

–  1509 – 1564 Jean Calvin •  Predestination

–  Differences between Protestant and Catholic view of “Church”

The Catholic Reformation •  1500 – 1650

–  Renewal of existing religious orders and founding of new ones –  The Council of Trent (1545 – 1563)

•  Pope Paul III –  Affirmation of 7 sacraments –  Revelation through the Bible AND apostolic tradition –  Mass as a representation of Jesus’ sacrifice on Calvary –  Abolishment of indulgences –  Proper devotion to Mary and the saints –  Seminaries –  Encouraged communion at least 1 time per week –  Receive penance more often –  Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament

The Modern World

•  1650 – 1900 –  17th and 18th Century

• Age of enlightenment •  Secularization •  Deists

–  19th Century • New forms of representative government



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1800’s - An Active Time

•  Pius IX –  1854 Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception –  1869 – 1st Vatican Council

• Rome –  Dei Filus –  Pastor Aeternus

•  Infallibility

1800’s - An Active Time

•  1891 – Church becomes a social advocate – Rerum Novarum

•  Pope Leo XIII –  Catholics called on to be activists in standing up

against the injustices of the Industrial Revolution

20th Century Church

•  The Century of Christian Martyrs •  Pius X

– Code of Canon Law •  Pius XI

– Treaties with Communist leaders – Vatican City

•  Feast of Christ the King (1925)

20th Century Church

•  Pius XII –  1950

• Dogma of the Assumption –  Had been believed and celebrated for 1500 years



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The Second Vatican Council

•  1962 – 1965

The Second Vatican Council

•  1962 – 1965 •  John XXIII •  Paul VI (1963 – 1978)

Vatican II Documents

•  Dogmatic Constitution on the Church – Mystery of the Church – Church is Hierarchical – Laity

• Mary

•  Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy – Active participation – Mass in the vernacular

Vatican II Documents

•  Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation

•  Declaration on Christian Education •  Decree on Ecumenism

– Acknowledges share of blame for the division of Christianity

– Guidelines for ecumenical activity

Vatican II Documents •  Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the

Modern World –  Dignity of the Human Person –  Dignity of Marriage and Family life

•  Declaration on Non-Christian Religions •  Decree on the Church’s Missionary Activity •  Declaration on Religious Liberty •  Decree on the Means of Social Communication

20th Century Church

•  Pope Paul VI – Humanae Vitae – Office of permanent deacon is restored –  1st women religious added to the Roman

Curia