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The European Renaissance… Chapter 17 Section 1 1350- mid 16 th century

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Page 1: The European Renaissance… - rebeccarhinehart.weebly.com · Renaissance… Political Importance: Florence was an independent city-state with a republican form of government. The

The European Renaissance…Chapter 17 Section 1 1350- mid 16th century

Page 2: The European Renaissance… - rebeccarhinehart.weebly.com · Renaissance… Political Importance: Florence was an independent city-state with a republican form of government. The

Causes of the Renaissance

During the Late middle ages, Europe

suffered from both war and plague.

Those who survived need something

to live for, to make them happy again.

They wanted to celebrate the life and

the human spirit

Also following the crusades, trade

opened back up through the

Mediterranean Sea

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European Renaissance (1300-1600s): Renaissance means “rebirth”,

rebirth of ideas and culture reminiscent of Greece & Rome

Started in Italy

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Why Italy?1. Thriving cities

2. A wealthy merchant class

3. Classical heritage of

Greece and Rome

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Florence, Italy main Italian city-state where

Renaissance began (think

Hollywood, CA)

Became wealthiest city-state

due to wool production in the

1300’s

Had a republic form of

government Renaissance ideas spread from

Italy to other European locations

Crusades re-opened up trade in

the Mediterranean Sea

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Renaissance…Political Importance:

Florence was an independent city-state with a republican form of government. The

republic was controlled by wealthy merchants and artisans making it an ideal place to

do business.

-ex: The Medici Family-The development of the financial institutions of Florence

was orchestrated by the Medici family who established a bank in Florence with

branches in Flanders, London and other cities of Italy. The Medici bank made

major advances in financial services including checking accounts and lending.

Economic Importance:

Guilds regulated trade and manufacturing to ensure economic benefit and limited

risk for members.

-The vast wealth held by the residents of Florence funded major cultural

developments in art and architecture.

-traded w/ Byzantine & Islamic Empires, England & the Netherlands

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Renaissance…Social Importance:

time of recovery from Black Plague & political instability

Italian thinkers emphasized humanism

Humanism: focus on importance of the individual & positive human qualities

The Renaissance put more emphasis on the work and worth of the individual

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“Renaissance Man” During this period Renaissance writers introduced the idea

that all educated people were expected to create art. In fact, the individual should strive to excel in almost every area of study.

Someone who excels in multiple fields/ has many talents is considered a ‘Renaissance Man’

He should be charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. In addition he should be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman!

Modern Day examples

Will Smith

Justin Timberlake

Who else can you think of ?

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Page 10: The European Renaissance… - rebeccarhinehart.weebly.com · Renaissance… Political Importance: Florence was an independent city-state with a republican form of government. The

To Sum it Up:

The Renaissance Started for these reasons

Increased trade with Asia and other regions

Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy

Renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient

Greece and Rome

Rise of rich and powerful merchants, who became

patrons of the arts

Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge

Desire to beautify cities

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What helped spread these ideas?A German blacksmith by

the name of Johannes

Gutenburg introduced

movable-type printing to

Europe.

Effects:

• It played a key role in the

expansion of written

works during the age of

the Renaissance

• increased an interest in

learning to read.

• Made books more

affordable

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Heroes in a Half Shell

When you think Renaissance artists think

of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles,

because they were named after them.

Michelangelo

Donatello

Leonardo

Raphael

They were sculptors, poets, architects and

painters

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Medieval art

During the Medieval period sculpture and painting were considered the work of

tradesman.

Most of the work was commissioned by the church and was limited to the

depiction of scenes from the bible. Most was considered elementary and simple.

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Renaissance Art

School of Athens painted by Raphael

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Madonna in a Meadow- Raphael

St. John the Baptist- da Vinci

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Focuses of Renaissance Art

Classical- found inspiration in the Greek and Roman

use of realism

Religion- images of infant Jesus with mother Mary-

known as Madonna (medieval Italian for ‘My

Lady’); shows importance of religion during the

Renaissance

The individual- time of selfies portrayed the

importance of individuals not just kings and Jesus

and conveyed the beauty of human emotions

Beauty- detailed designs, scenery, shading, use of

light and shadows

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Donatello Made sculptor more realistic by

carving natural postures and

expressions that reveal personality.

Considered the greatest

sculptor before Michelangelo

RaphaelYounger than Michelangelo and Leonardo

Famous for his use of perspective-shows

3 dimensions on a flat surface

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Leonardo da Vinci

Original “Renaissance Man”

Expert in painting, sculpting,

engineering, physics, anatomy, etc.

Interested in how things worked

He studied the human body and how it

works and then incorporated his

findings into his art.

Thought of many inventions that

couldn’t actually be built until the 20th

century

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Leonardo da Vinci…

Most famous works of art:

Mona Lisa The Last Supper

The

Vitruvian

Man

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Michelangelo

Renaissance artist

Best known for idealized

paintings & sculptures of the

human form

Created human images to reflect

the “divine beauty of God”

The Sistine

Chapel

David

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Sistine Chapel

Official residence of the Pope in Vatican City

Michelangelo painted 12,000 sq. feet of the chapel ceiling from 1508-1512

Originally the ceiling was painted blue with gold stars

Michelangelo was originally intimidated by the whole thing and preferred to decline- he considered himself more of a sculptor than a painter

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It took Michelangelo 4

years to complete the

Sistine Chapel

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I've already grown a goiter (swelling in the neck)

from this torture,

hunched up here like a cat in Lombardy

(or anywhere else where the stagnant

water's poison).

My stomach's squashed under my chin,

my beard's pointing at heaven, my

brain's crushed in a casket, my breast

twists like a harpy's. My brush,above

me all the time, dribbles paint so my

face makes a fine floor for droppings!

My haunches are grinding into my guts,

my poor ass strains to work as a

counterweight, every gesture I make is

blind and aimless.

My skin hangs loose below me, my

spine's all knotted from folding over

itself. I'm bent taut as a Syrian bow.

Because I'm stuck like this, my

thoughts are crazy, perfidious tripe:

anyone shoots badly through a

crooked blowpipe.

My painting is dead.

Defend it for me, Giovanni, protect my

honor.

I am not in the right place—I am not a

painter.

-Michelangelo to a friend 1509

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Some theorists think the scene also

contains the unmistakable outline of a

human brain, formed by the angels and

robes surrounding God.

They believe that Michelangelo meant to

evoke God’s bestowal of intelligence on

the first human.

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Review Time

1. How did Italy’s cities help make it the

birthplace of the Renaissance?

2. What does it mean to be a “Renaissance

man”?

3. What are the main characteristics of

Humanism?

4. Give me one cause of the Renaissance.