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Oceanographic Abstracts 739 BELDERSON R. H., 1964. Holocene sedimentation in the western half of the Irish Sea. Mar. Geol., 2 (I/2): 147-163. Cores, echograms and echo-ranging records, together with British Admiralty surveys, show that up to 100 ft of Holocene mud, surrounded by muddy sands and with a belt of sand to the south, has accumulated southwest of the Isle of Man (Irish Sea). Outside this area, which is situated at the northern end of a transport path originating in St. George's Channel, the sea-floor surface consists largely of reworked glacial boulder clay. Other transport paths trending eastwards and terminating in the Solway Firth and Liverpool Bay are suggested. Inferences have been made regarding the past and future depositional history of the region, including the possibility that Late- glacial lake deposits have been largely removed by present and past tidal current erosion. BLtm~R M. and D. W. THOMAS, 1965. Phytadienes in zooplankton. Science, 147 (3662): 1148-1149. Four isomeric phytadienes have b~en isolated from mixed zooplankton of the Gulf of Maine. The chemical structures suggest that the mixture is derived by dehydration of phytol (presumably by acid catlysis), which is present in the diet of the zooplankton. BOUMA A. H. and N. F. MARSHALL, 1964. A method for obtaining and analysing undisturbed oceanic sediment samples. Mar. Geol., 2 (1/2): 81-99. A German coring device (Reineck, 1958) has been improved to obtain oriented, undisturbed cores at any depth of water. The samples are rectangular in shape, 8 × 12 in. in plan and a maximum of 18 in. high. Good cores have been obtained from clayey material as well as from gravelly sand. No disturbances due to coring wore observed on the collected samples. These large samples make it possible to conduct many varieties of investigations, such as study of living organisms and shear strength measurements and, as soon as the sample is on deck of a ship; radiography on slices, peeling and impregnation techniques, granulometry, mineralogy, porosity, fossil content, etc. Construction and use of the box corer and applications of some of these analytical techniques are described. BOWa3EN K. F., 1965. Horizontal mixing in the sea due to a shearing current. J. Fluid Mech., 21 (2): 83-95. In addition to the random processed described as horizontal turbulence, there are certain more regular processes which may contribute to horizontal mixing. One of these occurs in a shearing current, where the vertical gradient of velocity combined with vertical turbulent mixing leads to an effective diffusion in the horizontal direction. It is shown that this effect occurs in an alternating flow, such as a tidal current, as well as in a steady flow. In estuaries and coastal waters horizontal mixing by the shear effect may be associated with tidal currents, density currents or wind-driven currents. In each case the effective coefficient of horizontal diffusion. Kx or Ky, is inversely propor- tional to the coefficient of vertical eddy diffusion Kz. The occurrence of a stable gradient of density therefore increases the effective horizontal mixing very considerably. Results obtained from observations in the Mersey estuary and Irish Sea are compared with theoretical estimates of these effects. BRACONNOT JEAN-CLAUDE, 1964. Sur le dev¢loppement de la larve de Doliolum denticulatum Q et G. C. R., Acad. Sci., Paris, 259 (23): 4361--4363. Pour la premibre lois la larve de Doliolum denticulatum a pu ~tre obtenue et ~levre en laboratoire. Cette larve est tout/~ fait diffrrente de cello qui ¢st attribute habituellement/t cette esp~ce. BROENKOW WmLt~J~ W., 1965. The distribution of nutrients in the Costa Rica Dome in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10 (1): 40-52. The distributions of salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate and silicate in the Costa Rica Dome are described from data collected during the Costa Rica Dome cruise November-December 1959. The dome is an area where nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor water is brought to the surface by upwelling. The ratios of change of oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate are computed statistically from the observed data to 1I00 m depth. A simple mixing model is used to explain the observed vertical distribution of oxygen above 65 m when allowances are made for photosynthetic oxygen production. The contributions of oxygen from various sources are estimated by use of the model. A similar model is used to compute the ratios in which nutrients are assimilated by phytoplankton. BUTLER T. H., 1964. Growth, reproduction and distribution of pandalid shrimps in British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Bd., Canad., 21 (6): 1403-1452. The ranges, habitats, and commercial importance are described for nine species of the family Pandalida¢ : Pandalopsis dispar, Pandalus jordani, P. borealis, P. platyceros, P. hypsinotus, P. danae, P. rnontagui tridens, P. stenolepis, P. goniurus. A key for their identification is given. Over 27,400 specimens were sampled, using trawl and trap gear, mostly from the Strait of Georgia. Pandalopsis

The distribution of nutrients in the Costa Rica Dome in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean : Broenkow William W., 1965. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10 (1): 40–52

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Oceanographic Abstracts 739

BELDERSON R. H., 1964. Holocene sedimentation in the western half of the Irish Sea. Mar. Geol., 2 (I/2): 147-163. Cores, echograms and echo-ranging records, together with British Admiralty surveys, show that up to 100 ft of Holocene mud, surrounded by muddy sands and with a belt of sand to the south, has accumulated southwest of the Isle of Man (Irish Sea). Outside this area, which is situated at the northern end of a transport path originating in St. George's Channel, the sea-floor surface consists largely of reworked glacial boulder clay. Other transport paths trending eastwards and terminating in the Solway Firth and Liverpool Bay are suggested. Inferences have been made regarding the past and future depositional history of the region, including the possibility that Late- glacial lake deposits have been largely removed by present and past tidal current erosion.

BLtm~R M. and D. W. THOMAS, 1965. Phytadienes in zooplankton. Science, 147 (3662): 1148-1149. Four isomeric phytadienes have b~en isolated from mixed zooplankton of the Gulf of Maine. The chemical structures suggest that the mixture is derived by dehydration of phytol (presumably by acid catlysis), which is present in the diet of the zooplankton.

BOUMA A. H. and N. F. MARSHALL, 1964. A method for obtaining and analysing undisturbed oceanic sediment samples. Mar. Geol., 2 (1/2): 81-99. A German coring device (Reineck, 1958) has been improved to obtain oriented, undisturbed cores at any depth of water. The samples are rectangular in shape, 8 × 12 in. in plan and a maximum of 18 in. high. Good cores have been obtained from clayey material as well as from gravelly sand. No disturbances due to coring wore observed on the collected samples.

These large samples make it possible to conduct many varieties of investigations, such as study of living organisms and shear strength measurements and, as soon as the sample is on deck of a ship; radiography on slices, peeling and impregnation techniques, granulometry, mineralogy, porosity, fossil content, etc.

Construction and use of the box corer and applications of some of these analytical techniques are described.

BOWa3EN K. F., 1965. Horizontal mixing in the sea due to a shearing current. J. Fluid Mech., 21 (2): 83-95. In addition to the random processed described as horizontal turbulence, there are certain more regular processes which may contribute to horizontal mixing. One of these occurs in a shearing current, where the vertical gradient of velocity combined with vertical turbulent mixing leads to an effective diffusion in the horizontal direction. It is shown that this effect occurs in an alternating flow, such as a tidal current, as well as in a steady flow. In estuaries and coastal waters horizontal mixing by the shear effect may be associated with tidal currents, density currents or wind-driven currents. In each case the effective coefficient of horizontal diffusion. Kx or Ky, is inversely propor- tional to the coefficient of vertical eddy diffusion Kz. The occurrence of a stable gradient of density therefore increases the effective horizontal mixing very considerably. Results obtained from observations in the Mersey estuary and Irish Sea are compared with theoretical estimates of these effects.

BRACONNOT JEAN-CLAUDE, 1964. Sur le dev¢loppement de la larve de Doliolum denticulatum Q et G. C. R., Acad. Sci., Paris, 259 (23): 4361--4363. Pour la premibre lois la larve de Doliolum denticulatum a pu ~tre obtenue et ~levre en laboratoire. Cette larve est tout/~ fait diffrrente de cello qui ¢st attribute habituellement/t cette esp~ce.

BROENKOW WmLt~J~ W., 1965. The distribution of nutrients in the Costa Rica Dome in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10 (1): 40-52. The distributions of salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate and silicate in the Costa Rica Dome are described from data collected during the Costa Rica Dome cruise November-December 1959. The dome is an area where nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor water is brought to the surface by upwelling.

The ratios of change of oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate are computed statistically from the observed data to 1 I00 m depth.

A simple mixing model is used to explain the observed vertical distribution of oxygen above 65 m when allowances are made for photosynthetic oxygen production. The contributions of oxygen from various sources are estimated by use of the model. A similar model is used to compute the ratios in which nutrients are assimilated by phytoplankton.

BUTLER T. H., 1964. Growth, reproduction and distribution of pandalid shrimps in British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Bd., Canad., 21 (6): 1403-1452. The ranges, habitats, and commercial importance are described for nine species of the family Pandalida¢ : Pandalopsis dispar, Pandalus jordani, P. borealis, P. platyceros, P. hypsinotus, P. danae, P. rnontagui tridens, P. stenolepis, P. goniurus. A key for their identification is given. Over 27,400 specimens were sampled, using trawl and trap gear, mostly from the Strait of Georgia. Pandalopsis