Text of The Digestive System a By: Sabrina Perna. The Digestive System The Mouth The Pharynx and The...
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The Digestive System a By: Sabrina Perna
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The Digestive System The Mouth The Pharynx and The Esophagus
The Stomach The Small Intestine The Large Intestine The Rectum and
Anus The Pancreas The Liver The Gallbladder The GERD disease Fun
Facts Bibliography Outline:
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Digestive System: the breaking down of food you eat into
smaller parts. This food turns into energy your body needs. No food
> No energy > Weak > Sick > DIE. All the organs are
joined by the digestive tract. The tract is made up of muscles that
help food move along it. This process doesnt stop while you are
living The Digestive System
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The Mouth: the mouth is the first organ that breaks food into
smaller pieces by chewing it. Saliva mixes with the food to make it
softer so the body can absorb it later. Most known tissues included
in the mouth are: -Teeth -Salivary Glands -Tongue - Gums Cells:
-Epithelial Cells -Stem Cells The Mouth
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The pharynx is the throat which is a passageway for food and
air. After that, the chewed food goes down the esophagus, all the
way to the stomach. Peristalsis are muscle contractions that force
food to go down. Mucosa is a layer of muscle that lines the
esophagus. The Squamous Epithelium is the inner wall of the
esophagus. Squamous cells are found in the esophagus. The Pharynx
and The Esophagus
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The stomach secretes acids and enzymes which mixes and grinds
the food. The food keeps breaking into smaller and smaller pieces
until it turns to liquid or paste. The stomach has 4 types of
tissues: -Epithelial: covers and lines the organ -Connective:
connects, binds, separates or support organs -Nervous: composed of
nerve cells -Muscle: controls movement of food. The Stomach
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The small intestine keeps breaking down the food with enzymes
and absorbs nutrients. It is made up of 3 parts: -The duodenum:
continues the process -The jejunum: absorbs nutrients -The ileum:
also absorbs nutrients. The small intestines inner wall is covered
with villi, finger like structures that also absorb nutrients.
Cells: -Goblet cells -Endocrine cells -Exocrine cells -Absorptive
cells The Small Intestine
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The large intestine removes water from the undigested matter
and form solid waste that can be excreted. It is made up of
different sections: -The cecum -The ascending colon -The transverse
colon -The descending colon -The sigmoid colon Cells: Goblet Cells
The Large Intestine
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The rectum is where the waste is hold until they leave the
system. The anus is the opening of the rectum and this is where
waste leaves through. When the waste is going to be released, the
sphincters (muscle) relax and the rectum contracts, releasing the
waste through the anus. Internal Anal Sphincters keeps us from
going to the bathroom when we are asleep. External Anal Sphincters
holds the waste until we get find a bathroom Rectum and Anus
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The pancreas secrete enzymes that help digest proteins, fat,
and carbohydrates. This enzymes are send to the duodenum in the
small intestine by ducts (channels). Cells: -Red Blood Cells
-Endocrine Cells -Duct Cells -Delta Cells The Pancreas
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The liver makes and secrets bile. It also purifies blood that
comes from the small intestine holding nutrients just absorbed.
Bile helps the body absorb fat. Bile also travels to the small
intestine by ducts. Cells: -Epithelial Cells The Liver
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The gallbladder stores bile that the small intestine doesnt
need. When you eat, the gallbladder contracts and sends the bile to
the small intestine. Cells: -Squamous Cells -Epithelial Cells The
Gallblader
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The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) It is a disease when
the esophageal sphincter ( a muscle that connects the esophagus and
the stomach) allows acidic contents of the stomach to move back up
into the esophagus. Causes: acid reflux or getting bile into the
esophagus. Symptoms: burning chest pain, vomiting, and coughing.
Treatment: diet changes, medications, drugs and surgery if
necessary. It can be cured, but it can come back. The GERD
Disease
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The small intestine is actually larger than the large
intestine, it is about 20 feet long! You can live without an
appendix. Food can stay in your stomach for 2 to 3 hours The
stomach can hold 1 liter of food. You can swallow upside down
because the muscles in your esophagus are strong enough to move the
food. This process takes a couple of days but it keeps on going.
Fun Facts
