The Dark Side of the New Deal

How Japanese Internment Camps marred the images of

FDR and the New Deal

Historical Context 1920s –

• “The Roaring Twenties”• A time of increasing prosperity for most

Americans.• American economic output / production was

at an all-time high.• However, the good times did not last

indefinitely.

Historical Context 1930s –

• The world sunk into an economic downturn.• This was furthered by the Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Act of 1930. Created protectionism for American goods in the U.S. 20,000 imported goods were subject to the tariff. Backlash formed, as other nations put up tariffs

against American goods in protest. International commerce all but shut down. Signed into law by Pres. Herbert Hoover. Thus began the Great Depression.

Historical Context Hoover was immediately voted out of

office in favor of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

o This New York Democrat ran on balancing the budget and defeating the economic depression.

o Inaugurated in March of 1933.

FDR and the Great Depression

Roosevelt was vested with the responsibility of defeating the Great Depression.

Unemployment was in the double digits.

Roosevelt created the New Deal and spent unheard of amounts of taxpayer money trying to stimulate the economy.

FDR and the Great Depression Roosevelt created agencies like the

Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC), the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the Work Projects Administration (WPA) in order to combat the rising unemployment rate and the sinking economy.

1930s – Global Tension Rising

Because of the global economic depression, some countries began to exhibit disturbing behaviors.

Germany –• The Germans were still suffering the

economic consequences of World War I. • Combined with the global depression,

Germans were severely hurting. • Enter Adolf Hitler

World War II Germany’s Adolf Hitler started World

War II when he ordered German forces into Poland.

The world descended further into chaos.

Soon, Europe was enveloped in war. But the conflict and chaos was not

confined to European soil. Japan, in 1937, began the invasion of

China.

Japan in WWII The Tripartite Pact –

• Signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan in 1940.

Japan, led by Hirohito (aka Emperor Showa) and Prime Minister Tojo, decided to bomb the U.S. port of Pearl Harbor in Hawai’i on December 7th, 1941.

TOJO Hirohito USS West Virginia

Japan Attack on Pearl Harbor

On Dec. 7th, 1941, Japanese forces bombed Pearl Harbor.• 4 U.S. battleships and 2 U.S. destroyers

sunk• 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed• 2,345 military personnel and 57 civilians

were killed

Executive Order 9066 FDR responded to the Japanese attack on

Pearl Harbor by issuing Executive Order 9066.• This ordered the internment of Americans of

Japanese descent into concentration camps throughout the United States. Most camps were in the American West and

Southwest. FDR stoked the fears of Americans by

suggesting the Americans of Japanese descent might actually be spies.

Anti-Japanese Racism

oTIME Magazine: How to Tell Your Friends from the Japs

Executive Order 9066 This order by FDR is the dark side of the

New Deal. It was fueled by wartime hysteria and fears.

Signed February 19th, 1942 – • Japanese-Americans’ “Day of Infamy.”

Irony – • U.S. leaders put Americans of Japanese descent

into these concentration camps.• Later, the U.S. denounced the Jewish internment

camps by Nazi Germans.• Double standard?

Executive Order 9066 "I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the

Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate, whenever he or any designated Commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remaining, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to provide for residents of any such area who are excluded there from, such transportation, food, shelter, and other accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgment of the Secretary of War or the said Military Commander, and until other arrangements are made, to accomplish the purpose of this order."

-Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Japanese Internment Camps

Japanese Internment Camps

Japanese Internment Camps

Japanese Internment Camps

Stain on American History The Japanese Internment camps

represent an enormous stain on American history.

This period of history directly mars the work of FDR and the New Deal.

Thousands of American of Japanese decent were forced to enter these camps.

The pure irrationality and racism is without question a horrid moment in our history.

Questions to Ponder Why is this history largely dismissed

as minor? What are the consequences of the

Executive Order 9066? What lessons should we draw from

this stain on American history?

Outside Resources http://education.eastwestcenter.org/a

siapacificed/ph2006/PH2006projects/9.htm

https://coreycr0708.wikispaces.com/file/view/Order_9066.jpg

http://www.strike-the-root.com/4/powers/powers1.html

http://bss.sfsu.edu/internment/executiorder9066.html