The D Ø Experiment now and later…

H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 1

The DØ Experiment now and later…

The DØ Experiment now and later…

Hal Evans Columbia University

1. Sweeping Generalizations

(broad goals of HEP)

2. Experimental Specifics

(the Tevatron & DØ)

3. Wild Predictions

(Run II Physics at DØ)

Run II has started! We haven’t seen the Higgs yet


What do We Know?What do We Know?

Fundamental Forces: Bosons Point-Like Particles: Fermions

Force Boson Mass[GeV]

Strength

Gravity G 0 10-39

E-M 0 10-2

Weak W 80.419 10-5

Z0 91.1882

Strong g 0 10-1 (MZ)

E-W Sym H0 >113 mf2

Particle Chg[e]

Mass [MeV]

Leptons

e 0 O(<eV)

e -1 0.5 105 1777

Quarks

u c t +2/3 1–5 1300 174300

d s b -1/3 3–9 150 4.4


What’s it all about?What’s it all about?

The broad goal of HEP measure something at odds w/

an SM prediction hints of what lies beyond

If it ain’t broke – fix it!1. Has 19 arbitrary parameters

2. Higgs Mass not stable to radiative corrections

~ Mplanck for no new physics

Mh < 800 GeV tuning to 10-16

3. Why’s? of EW Symmetry Breaking

4. What about Gravity? Why Mpl(1018GeV)»MEW(250GeV)?

222

20

2

4~ hhh MMM


Where do we look?Where do we look?Concentrate on areas where

we don’t have complete understanding measurements are few

1. EW Symmetry Breaking Higgs in SMa. direct searches for Higgs / new particles

need highest possible energy (or lowest)

b. precision measurements of EW param’s sensitivity to H.O. effects from Higgs/New Phys

c. effects in rare processes New Phys couples to mass t-,b-decays

2. Quark Weak vs. Mass Eigenstates CKM Matrix in SM Mixing, CP Violation,…

B0, K0 decays

3. Lepton Weak vs. Mass Eigenstates same in SM neutrino mass, mixing & CP

4. Strong Interactions QCD in SM Perturbative vs. Non-perturb.


Stalking the HiggsStalking the Higgs

LEP EW-WG: hep-ex/0103048fit)(EW GeV 60 m

(direct)GeV 113.3m5229-H

H


Quarks are all mixed up !Quarks are all mixed up !

Quark Weak Mass Eigenstates

CKM Mixing Matrix

Independent param’s 3 angles 1 complex phase

CP-viol

CP violation obs. in K0, B0 systs

Unitarity of VCKM 12 eqn’s the Unitarity Triangle is one

b

s

d

VVV

VVV

VVV

'b

's

'd

tbtstd

cbcscd

ubusud0 *

tdtb*cdcb

*udub VVVVVV

(0,0) (0,1)

(,)

*ubud

*tbtd

VV

VVarg

*cbcd

*tbtd

VV

VV

*tbtd

*cbcd

VV

VVarg

*cbcd

*ubud

VV

VVarg

*cbcd

*ubud

VV

VV


How to Build a TriangleHow to Build a Triangle

X)(B

)(B

mixing) (B

)KJ/(B 0ψ

K)D ,hh(B s


Leptons too?Leptons too?

Mixing formalism is possible for leptons 2-flavor mixing is simplest

Oscillation Probability Posc = sin22 sin2(1.27m2L/E)

m2 = m12 – m2

2

Note: = 0 in the SM

2

1

cossin

sincose


Some Guidance ?Some Guidance ?

There are lots of Ideas… Dynamical Symmetry

Breaking Technicolor:

running, walking, limping…

Supersymmetry (SUSY) GMSSM, SUGRA, R-Parity

Violating

Large Extra Dimensions testable string theory!

etc., etc., etc…

They all answer some questions

They all look like the SM at low E

Differences only show up at high Energy small corrections to SM

predictions

2 Strategies: Look Harder Precision Bigger Hammer Energy


If you knew SUSY...If you knew SUSY...

Higgs Mass problem can be solved by adding a Superpartner for every SM particle

and 5 Higgs: h0, H0, A0, H±

Usually require R-Parity Conserv

LSP is stable (often )

Note: SUSY is a broken at low-E

M(susy ptcl’s) M(SM ptcl’s)

Simplest SUSY models require Mh < 135 GeV (!!!)

01

~

Standard Model Superpartners

Particle S Sparticle S

½ 0

½ 0

½ 0

1 ½

0 ½

1 ½

RL q,q

RL ,

L

,Z,W 0

H,A,H,h 000

g

RL q~,q~

RL

~,~

L~

21~,~

04

03

02

01

~,~,~,~

g~


Collisions at the TevatronCollisions at the Tevatron

p Collisions qq(g) Interact’s

Fermilab Tevatron:

•Circumference ~ 4 mi.

•20’ underground

•1000 super-conducting magnets

UnderlyingEvent

u

u

d

gq

q u

u

d

Hard Scatter


The Times – they are a changin’The Times – they are a changin’

Major upgrade to the Tevatron main injector antiproton recycler

Ib

92-96

IIa

01-03

IIb

03-07…

Tot. Anti-p (x1012) 0.3 1.1 4-11

Bunches 6x6 36x36 140x103

Spacing [ns] 3500 396 132

E-CM [GeV] 1800 1960 1960

Typ. Lumi. [cm-2s-1] (x1032)

0.016 0.86 2–5.2

Lumi/week pb-1 3.2 17.3 40–105

Tot Lumi fb-1 0.125 2 15–20

Int’s/X’ing 2.5 2.3 1.9–4.8


DØ CollaborationDØ Collaboration

>500 People 17 Countries


DØ Run II UpgradeDØ Run II UpgradeCentral Scintillator

Forward Mini-drift chamb’s

Forward Scint

Shielding

Tracking: Solenoid,Silicon,Fiber Tracker,Preshowers

New Electronics,Trigger,DAQ

Calorimeter

Central PDTs


SiliconSilicon

Status all detectors installed reading out ~25%

cabling/checkout ~all by mid May

tracks seen!

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 23 4

5 67 8

9101112

• 6 Barrels

• 12 F-Disks

• 4 H-Disks

• 793k Channels

• 3.0 m2 Si (1.6 m2 D.S.)

• SVX IIe Readout

• L2 Trigger (’02)

Barrels F-Disks H-Disks

Strip Pitch [m] 50 (A)153 (90)62.5 (2)

62.5 (n)50 (p)

80

D.S. Stereo 90o / 2o ±15o ±7.5o

R/O Len. [cm] 12.4 7.5 14.6

Tot. Len [cm] 72 ~100 120

Inner Rad. [cm] 2.7 2.6 9.5

Outer Rad. [cm] 9.4 10.5 26


Silicon PicturesSilicon Pictures


Fiber TrackerFiber Tracker

Silicon

Central Fiber Tracker

Solenoid

Forward Preshower

Central Preshower

Scint Fibers (830 m)

8 dbl Cylinders Axial & (±3o)

Radii: 20 – 51 cm Active Lengths:

1.66 m (inner-2) 2.52 m (outer 6)

VLPC Readout: ~77k Channels SIFT + SVX IIe

L1 Trigger Info

Status detector & w’guides

installed reading out ~5%

electronics in prod install electr over

summer


Fiber Tracker PicturesFiber Tracker Pictures


PreshowersPreshowers

Status Central & Forward installed waiting for electronics (CFT)

some noise issues in trigger

Central Forward

Detector Triangular Scint. Fibers

Pre-radiator(Pb + det)

2Xo 2Xo

Fibers Axial & ±20o stereo

±22.5o

Channels 7.7k 16k

|| Coverage <1.2 1.4 – 2.5

Readout readout shared w/ CFT

e-Trig Bgrd Rej

x 3 – 5 x 2 – 4

Central

Tracking

Solenoid

Central PS

Solenoid

Tracking

Forward PS

Calorimeters

Forward

Calorimeter


Forward PS InstalledForward PS Installed


CalorimetersCalorimeters Detector Unchanged from Run I

(U-LAr) New Electronics to cope with BX

frequency

Status reading out entire calorimeter waiting for final electronics

mainly effects forward trigger

New Calibration Tools Zbb (b-jet scale)

Peak pos to 0.3% Requires STT

E/P new track Pt meas.

|| Coverage < 4.0

Granularity : 0.10.1

Energy Res EM 14%/E <1% (~0)

Had 50%/E

Jet 80%/E

Electrons

E/P


Muon SystemMuon System Replace Forward System

MDTs + Scint Pixels

Add Scint’s in Central improved triggering PDTs from Run I remain

Improve Beam Shielding Remake Trigger System

Status all detector elem’s installed signals seen! ramping up triggers

PDTs(Run I)

Trigger Scint (A-)

Scint Pixels

Bottom B/C Scint

MDTs (Iarocci)

Shielding

Toroids


A-Layer Forward PixelsA-Layer Forward Pixels


Other SystemsOther Systems

Luminosity Monitor operational

Forward Proton Detector improve DØ diffraction measurements series of Roman Pots outside of quad’s

ICD & Massless Gaps fill cracks in calorimeter electronics in production


Trigger HappyTrigger Happy

Conclusion: too much Physics!Physics Rates

Process X-Sector BR

Rate

(L=2x1032)

Inelastic p 50 mb 10 MHz

50 b 10 kHz

pWX 22 nb 4.4 Hz

pZXbbX 1 nb 0.2 Hz

7.2 pb 5 / hour

~100%

e/ + jets 35%

only jets 44%

425 fb 7 / day

22%

56%

)( bbpp 1y

ttpp bbWW -

H(*) W/Zpp bb e/

bb qq

* M(H) = 100 GeV

L14.2 s

(128 terms)

L2100 s

(128 terms)

L350 ms

(48 nodes)

7 MHz• Single Sub-Det’s

• Towers, Tracks, ET-miss

• Some correl’s

• Not deadtimeless

• Correlations

• Calibrated Data

• Physics Objects e,,j,,ET-miss

• Simple Reco

• Physics Algo’s

10 kHz

1 kHz

50 Hz

F’work

Data


DØ Trigger & DAQDØ Trigger & DAQ

Status Level 1

basic triggers available driven by CFT electronics

Level 2 electronics in production expect first triggers in June

Level 3 running at reduced rate SBs redesigned & in prod

CAL

c/f PS

CFT

SMT

MU

FPD

L1Cal

L1PS

L1CTT

L1Mu

L1FPD

L2Cal

L2PS

L2CTT

L2STT

L2Mu

Global L2Framework

Detector

Lumi

Level 1 Level 27 Mhz 10 khz 1 khz FE

FE

FE

FE

FE

FE

FE

FE

VRC 1

VRC 8

SB 1 SB 4

EvtTagGen

Node

Node

Node

Node

Token rdout loop

evt tag loop

ethernetL1,L2 Info

Level 3 & DAQ


Here it is!Here it is!


Detector PerformanceDetector PerformanceDØ – Run I DØ – Run II CDF – Run II

Field T 0 2.0 1.4

Tracking

accept <3.0 <3.0(Si) ; <1.7 (CFT) <2.0(Si) ; <1.0(COT)

Radii cm 3.7-75 2.8-10.0(Si) ; <52(CFT) 1.6-10.7(Si) ; <132(COT)

PT/PT % — 20.2pt 0.70.1pt

Imp par m — 1350/pt 622/pt

Prim Vtx m 15-30(r) 10-35(r)

Sec Vtx m — 40(r) ; 80(rz) 14(r) ; 50(rz)

Mass res (J/) MeV — 27 16

PID PreShower dE/dx,TOF

accept <4.0 <3.6Calo

0.10.1 0.10.26

EM res % 14/E 16/E

Jet res % 80/E 80/E

accept <3.6 <2.0 <1.5Muon

cover 90% increase scint 80% (cen)

Shield I 12-18 beam shielding 5.5-20

P/P % 18 0.3p —


The Run II Game PlanThe Run II Game PlanDates Tevatron DØ

Oct-Nov/00 Eng Run ( CDF L 5x1029) Finish SMT

26/Jan/01 Detector rolled in

1/Mar/01 Official Run II Start Detector Open

3/Apr/01 First Colliding Beam (1x8) Timing In Detectors

27/Apr/01 36x36 stores Final mu-chamber gas

3-17/May/01 2-week shutdown All Si cabled – Close det.

May-Aug/01 36x36 stores w/ shutdowns Install electronics as avail

Jul/01 L2 Cal and Muon

Sep/01 1-month shutdown Fully instrument – full rate

Oct/01-2003 Run IIa 2 fb-1

Jun/2002 STT installed

2003 Long Shutdown Install new silicon, etc.

2003-2007 Run IIb >15 fb-1

30Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001H.Evans

Physics Galore!Physics Galore!

Run II Tevatron Working Groups http://www-theory.fnal.gov

Publications Higgs hep-ph/0010338 SUGRA hep-ph/0003154 BTMSSM hep-ph/0006162 RPV hep-ph/9906224 GM SUSY hep-ph/0008070 Electroweak Fermilab-PUB-00/297 Top see web (above) B see web (above)

http://www-theory.fnal.gov/


QCD is ITQCD is IT

Background Properties Low ET Jets

ET Balanced

No High PT Leptons No Displaced Vertices

gqqpp Process X-Sect

Inelastic p ~50 mb

~100 b

pWX 22 nb

pZXbbX 1 nb

7.2 pb

425 fb

bbpp

ttpp

H(*) W/Zpp

g

g

q

gq


Vector BosonsVector Bosons Properties

High ET Jet

High PT Lepton Missing Energy

Backgrounds QCD Instrumental (miss-meas.)

jet

WXpp

q

gq

W


Top ProductionTop Production Properties

High ET Jets Displaced Vertices Soft Leptons (b) High PT Leptons Missing Energy

Backgrounds W/Z + jets WW, ZZ, WZ QCD + miss-meas.

q

q

t

t

W

W qq

bb

jjbbttpp

bb

jet

jet


B ProductionB Production Properties

Displaced Vertices Soft Leptons (b)

Backgrounds QCD Other B-decays

g

g

b

b

Xbbpp

bb

0SK

XB

K/JB 0S


HiggsHiggs Properties


Backgrounds W/Z + jets WW, ZZ, WZ Top QCD + miss-meas.

q

q

W

Hbb

bbWHpp

bb


SM Higgs at the TevatronSM Higgs at the Tevatron

Representative Cross-Sections

(s = 2.0 TeV)

Moral:Use WH / ZH Production

Mode [pb](mH = 100 GeV)

ggH 1.0

WH 0.30

ZH 0.17

WZ + ZZ 4.4

Wbb + Zbb 14

tt 7.5

tb + tq + tbq 3.4

QCD O(108) – dijetO(105) – 4j


Expect the UnexpectedExpect the Unexpected Properties


Backgrounds W/Z + jets WW, ZZ, WZ Top QCD + miss-meas.

TjjbbXt~t~pp q

q

t~

t~

W

W qq

bb

01

0111

~qq,~~;~bt~

~

~0~

0~

b

bjet

jet

0~

0~


Recognizing PhysicsRecognizing Physics

Object High ET Leptons

High ET Jets Missing ET Decay Vertices

Bgrd QCD rare low E all visible rare

W/Z W —

low E — —

bJ/Ks J/l+l- — —

Top tbW

Higgs phW/Z h bb

SUSY

bbpp


PrecisionPrecision

Also watch for W X-sect Luminosity measurement tWb / t Wq tt Spin correlations top Yukawa (ttH) top – anti-top resonances

Measurement Current DØ (2 fb-1) LHC (10 fb-1) Comments

W / yr 1.5 104 (LEP2)

4.4 107 huge

~100 1.4 104 107

t X / yr 0 5 103 3 106

MW [GeV] 80.427 ± 0.046 ± 0.030* ± 0.02-0.01

± 0.010 (NLC)

*MH to 30 MeV

Mt [GeV] 174.3 ± 5.1 ± 2.7 (1.6) < ± 2

<13.5 20%* <15% *|Vtb| to 12%

BR(tWob) 0.91 ± 0.39 5.5% V-A check

/ yrtt

[pb] tX)p(p


Precision EW TestsPrecision EW TestsTop Mass Errors

W Mass Errors Most scale with luminosity What may not

PDFs(): 7 MeV Run I

Pt(W): 15 MeV Run I

[GeV] Run I Run IIa w/ STT

Stat 5.6 1.3

Jet Pt 4.0 2.2 0.5

MC gen 3.1 0.7

Model 1.6 0.4

Fit 1.3 0.3

Syst 5.5 2.3 1.0

Total 7.8 2.7 1.6

Run II proj


BeautyBeauty

Also watch for b Production x-section & correlations Bs Ds K, J/ , … Bd mixing B-hadron properties: lifetimes, spectroscopy, polarization Onia

Measurement Current DØ (2 fb-1) BTeV (2 fb-1) Comments

5107 (BaBar) 61010 1.51011 in accept

sin2 0.50 ± 0.16 ± 0.03 ± 0.02 B J/ KoS

N(Bd +-) 49 (BaBar+Cleo) ~600 2.4 104 sin2

N(Bd K+K-) 0 ~1100 3.3 104

xs >19.6 ~30* >75 *Bs Ds l X

N(Bc) 20 600 Bc J/ l

(b) [ps] 1.23 ± 0.08 ± 0.11* *b J/

B K* + - 0 700 2200 FB Asymm

/ yrbb


sin2 at DØsin2 at DØ

DØ Assumptions: S/B ~ 0.75 Time res: t ~ 100 fs

S

B

NDx

xe)(sin

d

dx td

11

2

412

2

2222

J/+- J/e+e-

Trig Eff 27% 20%

N(reco) 40000 30000

sin(2)0.04 0.05

0.03

Tag D2 (%) CDF I

D2 (%) CDF II

D2 (%) DØ II

DØ Diff

SS 1.8±0.5 2.0 2.0

Lept 0.9±0.1 1.7 3.1 cover

Jet Q 0.8±0.1 3.0 4.7 FW trk

Opp K — 2.4 — no K id

Comb 9.1 9.8

-

+

-

+

-b

b

/J0sK


BJ/Ks ReconstructionBJ/Ks Reconstruction J/+-

2 Muons: ||<2.0, PT>1.5GeV

Ks+-

Long lifetime rejects bgrd Lxy/ > 5

4-Track Constrained Fit mass: J/, Ks

vertex: KsB, B primary

unconstr:

= 41 MeV

constr:

= 10 MeV

<Lxy> = 2.3 mm

res = 100 m


SearchingSearching

Also watch for (list limited by imagination) SUSY particle zoo Technicolor Your favorite Beyond the SM theory

Measurement Current DØ (20 fb-1) LHC (100 fb-1) Comments

W(Z)HSM 50 (Run I) 9 103 5 104 MH = 100 GeV

MH [GeV] >113.3 180 (3) < 1000

SUSY (tan,MA) excl tan: 0.9-7.7 / 0.5-2.3

almost all 5 all h,H,A

m1/2 [GeV] > ~100 (LEP2) 180–280* ~all *mainly

t q Z <33% 2% 2 10-4 10-4 in SUSY

t q <3.2% 0.3% 1 10-4 10-5 in SUSY

t b H+ <45% 11% 3%

LED: MS [TeV] >1.0–1.4 2.1–3.5 6–8 D–4 = 2–7

MZ’ [GeV] >500-600 900-1200 2000


Higgs SearchesHiggs Searches

Key Areas Improve bb Mass Resolution 30% b-tagging Eff 80% Backgrounds bb


b-Quarks and the Higgsb-Quarks and the HiggsS

/B vs M

bb

S/B

vs b-tag


Higgs at the LHCHiggs at the LHC


Beyond the SM – MSSMBeyond the SM – MSSM

Tevatron


ConclusionsConclusions

Run II has started Expect luminosity after May shutdown Stable running after September Run IIb >15 fb-1 before LHC

DØ is ramping up Finish instrumenting detector over summer Full capability after September shutdown

DØ vs. The Standard Model Scorecard

Precision (2 fb-1) Searches (20 fb-1) Quark M vs Weak (2 fb-1)

MW 30 MeV HSM 180 sin2 0.03

Mt 1.6 GeV tan,MA most 5 xs 30

|Vtb| 12% rare top 10–40 K*+- 700 evts

LED 2–3.5 TeV

etc… etc… etc…

Documents

The D Ø Experiment now and later…