Upload
ashlee-hamilton
View
217
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Crusades, The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, Renaissance, Reformation,
and the time of and the time of RevolutionsRevolutions
Europe – 14Europe – 14thth to 16 to 16thth century century
The CrusadesThe Crusades
Time period between Time period between 1111thth and 13 and 13thth centuries centuries when Western European when Western European Christians went to Christians went to reclaim control of the reclaim control of the Holy Lands from the Holy Lands from the Muslims.Muslims.
They opened up new They opened up new trade routes and were trade routes and were fascinated by ancient fascinated by ancient Greek and Greek and Roman life.Roman life.
The RenaissanceThe Renaissance
Era of creativity and Era of creativity and learning in Western learning in Western Europe from the 14Europe from the 14thth – – 1616thth Centuries. Centuries.
Renaissance means Renaissance means “Rebirth.”“Rebirth.”
Begins on the Italian Begins on the Italian Peninsula in the mid Peninsula in the mid 1414thth century century--Lorenzo the --Lorenzo the Magnificent (Medici) Magnificent (Medici) (1449-1492)(1449-1492)
Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
Renaissance art Renaissance art stressed proportion, stressed proportion, balance and harmonybalance and harmony—and was not —and was not otherworldlyotherworldly
Artistic problems of Artistic problems of perspective and perspective and composition composition addressed using addressed using mathematicsmathematics
-“linear perspective” -“linear perspective” gave the impression of gave the impression of depth to the picture.depth to the picture.
LeonardoLeonardo
Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)
True Renaissance True Renaissance ManMan
Scientist, inventor, Scientist, inventor, engineer and engineer and naturalistnaturalist
Best known for art Best known for art and inventionsand inventions
Short attention spanShort attention span
RaphaelRaphael
Raphael (1483-Raphael (1483-1520)1520)
Man of great Man of great sensitivity and sensitivity and kindnesskindness
Died at the age of Died at the age of 3737
MichelangeloMichelangelo
MichelangeloMichelangelo Ceiling of the Ceiling of the
Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel Conflict with Pope Conflict with Pope
Julius IIJulius II Incredible energy Incredible energy
and enduranceand endurance
DonatelloDonatello
Donatello Donatello 1386 1466 1386 1466 a famous early a famous early
Renaissance Renaissance artist and artist and sculptorsculptor
Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo, DonatelloDonatello
Heroes on the half shell – Heroes on the half shell –
TURTLE POWER!TURTLE POWER!
William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare
William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564-1616)(1564-1616)--Globe Theater--Globe Theater
Shakespeare returns to Shakespeare returns to classical subjects and classical subjects and genresgenres
MacbethMacbeth: ambition: ambition HamletHamlet: individualism: individualism Romeo and Juliet:Romeo and Juliet:
RevengeRevenge Keen sensitivity to Keen sensitivity to
sounds and meanings sounds and meanings of wordsof words
The ReformationThe Reformation
Reformation Reformation (16(16thth century) century) was an attempt was an attempt to reform to reform (change) the (change) the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church
People like People like Martin Luther Martin Luther wanted to get wanted to get rid of the rid of the corruption and corruption and restore the restore the people’s faith in people’s faith in the churchthe church
1483-1546 German monk
Criticized Catholic Church
Spoke out again the policy of selling indulgences –
practice of forgiving sins in exchange for money.
Gutenberg’s Printing Press – Gutenberg’s Printing Press – how did it change Europehow did it change Europe
People were able to own People were able to own books – before books had books – before books had been written by hand.been written by hand.
Explosion of printed Explosion of printed materialsmaterials--By 1500, 40,000 titles --By 1500, 40,000 titles printed and between 8-printed and between 8-10 million copies10 million copies
Gave people access to Gave people access to the Bible in their own the Bible in their own languagelanguage
Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration
Europeans wanted Europeans wanted to discover a to discover a direct route to direct route to Asia for the Spice Asia for the Spice Trade.Trade.
They could make They could make more money if more money if they dealt directly they dealt directly with Asia. with Asia.
Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus
Italian – believed Italian – believed the shortest way the shortest way to Asia was to to Asia was to sail west. sail west.
Set sail in 1492Set sail in 1492 Landed in the Landed in the
Caribbean Caribbean instead of Asia.instead of Asia.
Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan
Portuguese explorer, Portuguese explorer, tried to sail around the tried to sail around the world world (circumnavigate).(circumnavigate).
Left Spain with 5 ships Left Spain with 5 ships and 200 sailors (1519).and 200 sailors (1519).
Magellan was killed in Magellan was killed in the Philippinesthe Philippines
3 years later, 1 ship 3 years later, 1 ship and 18 sailors returned and 18 sailors returned to Spain.to Spain.
John CabotJohn Cabot
Italian named Italian named Giovanni Caboto – he Giovanni Caboto – he was funded by was funded by EnglandEngland
Believed sailing north Believed sailing north across the Atlantic across the Atlantic would be a shortcut to would be a shortcut to Asia.Asia.
He found Canada He found Canada instead (1497).instead (1497).
ImperialismImperialism
The practice of The practice of one country one country controlling the controlling the government and government and economy of economy of another country another country or territory. or territory.
Results of ExplorationResults of Exploration
Clash of culturesClash of cultures Religious Religious
conversionconversion Spread of Spread of
diseasesdiseases SlaverySlavery
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
CREATION OF A NEW WORLDVIEW
Questioning of old knowledge & assumptions
Gradual replacement of religious & superstition presumptions
Gradual rise of science & reason
The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution
Antoni van Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) first (1632-1723) first to see to see microscopic life microscopic life in a drop of in a drop of water.water.
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS
GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)
Constructed first telescope
Described motion of bodies on earth
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS
ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)
Universal Gravitation: combined laws of planetary & earth motion
Scientific Method
Industrial Revolution - Industrial Revolution - DefinitionDefinition
Industrial Revolution - Industrial Revolution - A A period of change beginning in period of change beginning in the late 18the late 18thth century, during century, during which goods began to be which goods began to be manufactured by power-driven manufactured by power-driven machinesmachines
Industrial Revolution -Industrial Revolution -
Began in Began in ENGLAND in late 1700’sENGLAND in late 1700’s Factories, steam engines are Factories, steam engines are
very very important; can make products important; can make products more quickly and cheaplymore quickly and cheaply
The first industry was the The first industry was the TEXTILE TEXTILE (CLOTH) INDUSTRY(CLOTH) INDUSTRY
Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution IssuesIssues
Child labor Child labor was a huge problemwas a huge problem More people move toMore people move to cities cities PopulationPopulation increases increases Issues with Issues with overpopulation overpopulation
(diseases, crime)(diseases, crime) Pollution!!!!!!!!Pollution!!!!!!!!
CapitalismCapitalism
Capitalism is an economic system Capitalism is an economic system where factories and businesses are where factories and businesses are privately owned. This is the privately owned. This is the economic system used in the United economic system used in the United States. States.
French RevolutionFrench RevolutionKing Louis XVI and Marie AntoinetteKing Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
The French RevolutionThe French RevolutionCausesCauses
Government in debtGovernment in debt Poor harvests + increased population Poor harvests + increased population
= food shortages and hunger= food shortages and hunger Heavy taxesHeavy taxes A clueless king and queenA clueless king and queen
Storming of the BastilleStorming of the Bastille
Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille
July 14, 1789July 14, 1789Angry mobs attack the Angry mobs attack the prison and release all prison and release all the prisonersthe prisoners
French RepublicFrench Republic
New constitutionNew constitution Opposition (including the Opposition (including the
monarchs) is beheaded monarchs) is beheaded with a new invention – the with a new invention – the guillotineguillotine
Reign of TerrorReign of Terror
Still no peace.Still no peace. From 1793-1794, From 1793-1794,
17,000 people 17,000 people killedkilled
Reign of TerrorReign of Terror
NapoleonNapoleon
General General Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte Bonaparte takes control takes control and restores and restores order.order.
He becomes He becomes emperor in emperor in 1804.1804.