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The Crusades, The Crusades, Renaissance, Renaissance, Reformation, and the Reformation, and the time of Revolutions time of Revolutions Europe – 14 Europe – 14 th th to 16 to 16 th th century century

The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

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Page 1: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

The Crusades, The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, Renaissance, Reformation,

and the time of and the time of RevolutionsRevolutions

Europe – 14Europe – 14thth to 16 to 16thth century century

Page 2: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

The CrusadesThe Crusades

Time period between Time period between 1111thth and 13 and 13thth centuries centuries when Western European when Western European Christians went to Christians went to reclaim control of the reclaim control of the Holy Lands from the Holy Lands from the Muslims.Muslims.

They opened up new They opened up new trade routes and were trade routes and were fascinated by ancient fascinated by ancient Greek and Greek and Roman life.Roman life.

Page 3: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

Era of creativity and Era of creativity and learning in Western learning in Western Europe from the 14Europe from the 14thth – – 1616thth Centuries. Centuries.

Renaissance means Renaissance means “Rebirth.”“Rebirth.”

Begins on the Italian Begins on the Italian Peninsula in the mid Peninsula in the mid 1414thth century century--Lorenzo the --Lorenzo the Magnificent (Medici) Magnificent (Medici) (1449-1492)(1449-1492)

Page 4: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

Renaissance art Renaissance art stressed proportion, stressed proportion, balance and harmonybalance and harmony—and was not —and was not otherworldlyotherworldly

Artistic problems of Artistic problems of perspective and perspective and composition composition addressed using addressed using mathematicsmathematics

-“linear perspective” -“linear perspective” gave the impression of gave the impression of depth to the picture.depth to the picture.

Page 5: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

LeonardoLeonardo

Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)

True Renaissance True Renaissance ManMan

Scientist, inventor, Scientist, inventor, engineer and engineer and naturalistnaturalist

Best known for art Best known for art and inventionsand inventions

Short attention spanShort attention span

Page 6: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

RaphaelRaphael

Raphael (1483-Raphael (1483-1520)1520)

Man of great Man of great sensitivity and sensitivity and kindnesskindness

Died at the age of Died at the age of 3737

Page 7: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

MichelangeloMichelangelo

MichelangeloMichelangelo Ceiling of the Ceiling of the

Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel Conflict with Pope Conflict with Pope

Julius IIJulius II Incredible energy Incredible energy

and enduranceand endurance

Page 8: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

DonatelloDonatello

Donatello Donatello 1386 1466 1386 1466 a famous early a famous early

Renaissance Renaissance artist and artist and sculptorsculptor

Page 9: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo, DonatelloDonatello

Heroes on the half shell – Heroes on the half shell –

TURTLE POWER!TURTLE POWER!

Page 10: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564-1616)(1564-1616)--Globe Theater--Globe Theater

Shakespeare returns to Shakespeare returns to classical subjects and classical subjects and genresgenres

MacbethMacbeth: ambition: ambition HamletHamlet: individualism: individualism Romeo and Juliet:Romeo and Juliet:

RevengeRevenge Keen sensitivity to Keen sensitivity to

sounds and meanings sounds and meanings of wordsof words

Page 11: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

The ReformationThe Reformation

Reformation Reformation (16(16thth century) century) was an attempt was an attempt to reform to reform (change) the (change) the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

People like People like Martin Luther Martin Luther wanted to get wanted to get rid of the rid of the corruption and corruption and restore the restore the people’s faith in people’s faith in the churchthe church

Page 12: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

1483-1546 German monk

Criticized Catholic Church

Spoke out again the policy of selling indulgences –

practice of forgiving sins in exchange for money.

Page 13: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Gutenberg’s Printing Press – Gutenberg’s Printing Press – how did it change Europehow did it change Europe

People were able to own People were able to own books – before books had books – before books had been written by hand.been written by hand.

Explosion of printed Explosion of printed materialsmaterials--By 1500, 40,000 titles --By 1500, 40,000 titles printed and between 8-printed and between 8-10 million copies10 million copies

Gave people access to Gave people access to the Bible in their own the Bible in their own languagelanguage

Page 14: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

Europeans wanted Europeans wanted to discover a to discover a direct route to direct route to Asia for the Spice Asia for the Spice Trade.Trade.

They could make They could make more money if more money if they dealt directly they dealt directly with Asia. with Asia.

Page 15: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Italian – believed Italian – believed the shortest way the shortest way to Asia was to to Asia was to sail west. sail west.

Set sail in 1492Set sail in 1492 Landed in the Landed in the

Caribbean Caribbean instead of Asia.instead of Asia.

Page 16: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

Portuguese explorer, Portuguese explorer, tried to sail around the tried to sail around the world world (circumnavigate).(circumnavigate).

Left Spain with 5 ships Left Spain with 5 ships and 200 sailors (1519).and 200 sailors (1519).

Magellan was killed in Magellan was killed in the Philippinesthe Philippines

3 years later, 1 ship 3 years later, 1 ship and 18 sailors returned and 18 sailors returned to Spain.to Spain.

Page 17: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

John CabotJohn Cabot

Italian named Italian named Giovanni Caboto – he Giovanni Caboto – he was funded by was funded by EnglandEngland

Believed sailing north Believed sailing north across the Atlantic across the Atlantic would be a shortcut to would be a shortcut to Asia.Asia.

He found Canada He found Canada instead (1497).instead (1497).

Page 18: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

ImperialismImperialism

The practice of The practice of one country one country controlling the controlling the government and government and economy of economy of another country another country or territory. or territory.

Page 19: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Results of ExplorationResults of Exploration

Clash of culturesClash of cultures Religious Religious

conversionconversion Spread of Spread of

diseasesdiseases SlaverySlavery

Page 20: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

CREATION OF A NEW WORLDVIEW

Questioning of old knowledge & assumptions

Gradual replacement of religious & superstition presumptions

Gradual rise of science & reason

Page 21: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution

Antoni van Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) first (1632-1723) first to see to see microscopic life microscopic life in a drop of in a drop of water.water.

Page 22: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)

Constructed first telescope

Described motion of bodies on earth

Page 23: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS

ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)

Universal Gravitation: combined laws of planetary & earth motion

Scientific Method

Page 24: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Industrial Revolution - Industrial Revolution - DefinitionDefinition

Industrial Revolution - Industrial Revolution - A A period of change beginning in period of change beginning in the late 18the late 18thth century, during century, during which goods began to be which goods began to be manufactured by power-driven manufactured by power-driven machinesmachines

Page 25: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Industrial Revolution -Industrial Revolution -

Began in Began in ENGLAND in late 1700’sENGLAND in late 1700’s Factories, steam engines are Factories, steam engines are

very very important; can make products important; can make products more quickly and cheaplymore quickly and cheaply

The first industry was the The first industry was the TEXTILE TEXTILE (CLOTH) INDUSTRY(CLOTH) INDUSTRY

Page 26: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution IssuesIssues

Child labor Child labor was a huge problemwas a huge problem More people move toMore people move to cities cities PopulationPopulation increases increases Issues with Issues with overpopulation overpopulation

(diseases, crime)(diseases, crime) Pollution!!!!!!!!Pollution!!!!!!!!

Page 27: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

CapitalismCapitalism

Capitalism is an economic system Capitalism is an economic system where factories and businesses are where factories and businesses are privately owned. This is the privately owned. This is the economic system used in the United economic system used in the United States. States.

Page 28: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

French RevolutionFrench RevolutionKing Louis XVI and Marie AntoinetteKing Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Page 29: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

The French RevolutionThe French RevolutionCausesCauses

Government in debtGovernment in debt Poor harvests + increased population Poor harvests + increased population

= food shortages and hunger= food shortages and hunger Heavy taxesHeavy taxes A clueless king and queenA clueless king and queen

Page 30: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Storming of the BastilleStorming of the Bastille

Page 31: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille

July 14, 1789July 14, 1789Angry mobs attack the Angry mobs attack the prison and release all prison and release all the prisonersthe prisoners

Page 32: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

French RepublicFrench Republic

New constitutionNew constitution Opposition (including the Opposition (including the

monarchs) is beheaded monarchs) is beheaded with a new invention – the with a new invention – the guillotineguillotine

Page 33: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

Still no peace.Still no peace. From 1793-1794, From 1793-1794,

17,000 people 17,000 people killedkilled

Page 34: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

Page 35: The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

NapoleonNapoleon

General General Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte Bonaparte takes control takes control and restores and restores order.order.

He becomes He becomes emperor in emperor in 1804.1804.