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The Cold War The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

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Page 1: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

The Cold WarThe Cold War

Beginning TensionsBeginning Tensions

Page 2: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Soviet Sphere of Soviet Sphere of InfluenceInfluence

Tensions escalated as the Soviet Union Tensions escalated as the Soviet Union annexed countries such as Estonia, annexed countries such as Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania following WWIILatvia, & Lithuania following WWII

Other countries became Other countries became Soviet Soviet satellitessatellites, which means they were , which means they were controlled militarily & economically by controlled militarily & economically by the USSRthe USSR– Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia,

Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & AlbaniaHungary, Czechoslovakia, & Albania The US feared the influence would The US feared the influence would

move into the Mediterranean region move into the Mediterranean region nextnext

Page 3: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Promoting DemocracyPromoting Democracy

The term The term iron curtainiron curtain soon became soon became symbolic of the political division between symbolic of the political division between western & eastern Europe.western & eastern Europe.

In 1947, American diplomat In 1947, American diplomat George F. George F. Kennan Kennan proposed a proposed a policy of containmentpolicy of containment..– Included both economic support & military aid to Included both economic support & military aid to

vulnerable countries as a way to prevent them vulnerable countries as a way to prevent them from falling under Communist rule.from falling under Communist rule.

– Later that year, Later that year, President TrumanPresident Truman announced the announced the Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine, based on Kennan’s theory., based on Kennan’s theory.

– It guided America’s foreign policy for the next 4 It guided America’s foreign policy for the next 4 decades.decades.

Page 4: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Partition of GermanyPartition of Germany

Page 5: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

To aid Europe’s recovery, in 1947, To aid Europe’s recovery, in 1947, Secretary of State George Secretary of State George Marshall Marshall proposed a massive proposed a massive relief plan.relief plan.– The US provided European countries The US provided European countries

with funds needed to purchase with funds needed to purchase supplies to rebuild their economies.supplies to rebuild their economies.

– Allowed Europe to rebuild itselfAllowed Europe to rebuild itself

Page 6: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Unification of Unification of West GermanyWest Germany

June 1948, France, Great June 1948, France, Great Britain, and the U.S. Britain, and the U.S. announced their plan to unify announced their plan to unify their occupation zones in their occupation zones in western Germany, plus those western Germany, plus those of Berlin, the capital, located of Berlin, the capital, located deep within Soviet-held deep within Soviet-held eastern Germany.eastern Germany.

Almost immediately following Almost immediately following the USSR declaring East the USSR declaring East Germany communist, Germany communist, thousands of people fled to thousands of people fled to West Berlin hoping to make West Berlin hoping to make their way to freedom.their way to freedom.

Page 7: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade

In response to the unification In response to the unification of West Germany, of West Germany, StalinStalin sent sent troops to blockade the troops to blockade the western border of Berlin, western border of Berlin, halting vital supplies to 2 halting vital supplies to 2 million people.million people.

In a countermove, British & In a countermove, British & American cargo planes began American cargo planes began an all around-the-clock airlift an all around-the-clock airlift of food, fuel, & other of food, fuel, & other essentials to West Berlin.essentials to West Berlin.

The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift lasted until lasted until Stalin ended the blockade 10 Stalin ended the blockade 10 months later.months later.

Soon after, the country Soon after, the country officially divided into West & officially divided into West & East Germany.East Germany.

Page 8: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

NATONATO

In1949, an alliance In1949, an alliance between the U.S., Canada, between the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, France and Great Britain, France and many other countries many other countries created the created the North North Atlantic Treaty Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).Organization (NATO).

Members agreed to mutual Members agreed to mutual military assistance if any military assistance if any member was attacked.member was attacked.

The Communist nations The Communist nations formed a similar alliance formed a similar alliance with the with the Warsaw Pact.Warsaw Pact.

Page 9: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Nuclear Arms RaceNuclear Arms Race

The fear of a nuclear attack was a The fear of a nuclear attack was a direct result of the Cold Wardirect result of the Cold War

Soon after the USSR developed their Soon after the USSR developed their own atomic bomb, the two own atomic bomb, the two superpowers embarked on an arms superpowers embarked on an arms race that enormously increased race that enormously increased both the number & the destructive both the number & the destructive power of weaponspower of weapons

The development of the H-Bomb The development of the H-Bomb was a response to the Soviet’s a-was a response to the Soviet’s a-bombbomb– They estimated that such a bomb They estimated that such a bomb

would have the force of 1 million would have the force of 1 million tons of TNT (67 times the power tons of TNT (67 times the power of the bomb dropped on of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima).Hiroshima).

Page 10: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Cuban RevolutionCuban Revolution Communism was spreading Communism was spreading

across the world, not only across the world, not only just to Asia & East Europe – just to Asia & East Europe – Cuba had its own Revolution Cuba had its own Revolution from 1953-59.from 1953-59.

Fidel Castro Fidel Castro led a rebel army led a rebel army that sought to overthrow the that sought to overthrow the corrupt government of corrupt government of Fulgencio BatistaFulgencio Batista, Cuba’s , Cuba’s self-proclaimed dictator.self-proclaimed dictator.

Batista fled in 1959 & Cuba Batista fled in 1959 & Cuba became a Communist became a Communist country supported by the country supported by the USSR, the first country in the USSR, the first country in the Western hemisphere backed Western hemisphere backed by the Soviets.by the Soviets.

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Bay of PigsBay of Pigs

In 1961, the US In 1961, the US sponsored an sponsored an invasion of Cuba by invasion of Cuba by Cubans who had Cubans who had fled and were living fled and were living in the U.S. in the U.S.

This invasion was This invasion was known as the known as the Bay Bay of Pigsof Pigs – it failed, – it failed, and was an and was an embarrassment for embarrassment for President John F. President John F. KennedyKennedy..

Page 12: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis In 1962, the Soviets In 1962, the Soviets

installed missiles in Cuba installed missiles in Cuba that could reach the United that could reach the United States.States.

The U.S. launched a naval The U.S. launched a naval blockade of Cuba – at the blockade of Cuba – at the time, it appeared as though time, it appeared as though the two countries would go the two countries would go to war over the Soviet to war over the Soviet missiles.missiles.

After an intense standoff, After an intense standoff, the Soviets removed the the Soviets removed the missiles & the U.S. Navy missiles & the U.S. Navy withdrew.withdrew.

This was the closest the two This was the closest the two countries ever came to countries ever came to making the cold war, hot.making the cold war, hot.

Page 13: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

The policy of containment was The policy of containment was introduced as America’s foreign introduced as America’s foreign policy with the policy with the – A) the Tet OffensiveA) the Tet Offensive– B) the Truman DoctrineB) the Truman Doctrine– C) the Berlin AirliftC) the Berlin Airlift– D) the Marshall PlanD) the Marshall Plan

Page 14: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

What prompted the Cuban Missile What prompted the Cuban Missile Crisis?Crisis?– A) the Tet OffensiveA) the Tet Offensive– B) the Cuban RevolutionB) the Cuban Revolution– C) the discovery of Soviet missiles in C) the discovery of Soviet missiles in

CubaCuba– D) the interest in overthrowing Fidel D) the interest in overthrowing Fidel

CastroCastro

Page 15: The Cold War Beginning Tensions Beginning Tensions

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

The Truman Doctrine stated thatThe Truman Doctrine stated that– A) the US would not tolerate Communists A) the US would not tolerate Communists

in high levels of US governmentin high levels of US government– B) the US would not hesitate to intervene B) the US would not hesitate to intervene

to help foreign nations resist communismto help foreign nations resist communism– C) the US would not cross the 38C) the US would not cross the 38thth parallel parallel

during the Korean Warduring the Korean War– D) the US would not support Mao’s D) the US would not support Mao’s

revolution in Chinarevolution in China