THE CIVIL WARTHE CIVIL WAR

Path to The Civil WarPath to The Civil War►http://www.history.com/videos/us-inches-

closer-to-war#us-inches-closer-to-war►Lincoln elected – has to decide what to Lincoln elected – has to decide what to

do with Forts in the Southdo with Forts in the South►Lincoln resupplies Ft. Sumter – south Lincoln resupplies Ft. Sumter – south

doesn’t want it to happendoesn’t want it to happen► North cannot hold the fortNorth cannot hold the fort►Lincoln calls for volunteersLincoln calls for volunteers

After Fort SumterAfter Fort Sumter►Americans begin choosing sidesAmericans begin choosing sides

►For Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, For Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina.South Carolina.

►Confederate forces asked for its surrender.Confederate forces asked for its surrender.

►Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.

►Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. 1861.

►Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.

►The Civil War began. – This started the War.The Civil War began. – This started the War.

Reaction of Lincoln’s Call

Lincoln declared the South was in rebellion and asked state governors for 75,000 militiamen; Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and states north of them rallied.

Slave states of the Upper South—North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Arkansas—seceded.

Border states—Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri—were slave states that did not join the Confederacy, but people were divided on the war.

Western Virginia supported the Union and set up its own state government as West Virginia in 1863.

IntroductionIntroduction

►1861 representatives from 6 of the 7 1861 representatives from 6 of the 7 Southern States met to form the Southern States met to form the Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America

►Confederacy = SouthConfederacy = South►North views this as a traitorous act of North views this as a traitorous act of

rebellion against the USrebellion against the US►No one could be neutral in this warNo one could be neutral in this war

Intro Cont.Intro Cont.

►Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina (border slave states) join North Carolina (border slave states) join ConfederacyConfederacy

►Western Virginia (how we got Western Virginia (how we got W.Virginia) and Maryland, Kentucky, W.Virginia) and Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware and Missouri remain in the Delaware and Missouri remain in the UnionUnion

►This war would divide friends, states This war would divide friends, states and even familiesand even families

Preparing for WarPreparing for War

► Jefferson Davis- President of the SouthJefferson Davis- President of the South►Lincoln (North) calls for 75,000 Lincoln (North) calls for 75,000

volunteers to come forward to volunteers to come forward to preserve the Unionpreserve the Union

►Both sides were confident that their Both sides were confident that their side would winside would win

Strengths and Weaknesses of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Norththe North

StrengthsStrengths► 22 million population22 million population► Richer, more Richer, more

technology – technology – manufacturing and manufacturing and banks in the northbanks in the north

►Had more small Had more small farms to provide foodfarms to provide food

►Had iron, coal, gold Had iron, coal, gold coppercopper

► Controlled the seas Controlled the seas as wellas well

WeaknessesWeaknesses►Military Military

LeadershipLeadership► Start of war 1/3 Start of war 1/3

of nation’s of nation’s military leaders military leaders resigned and resigned and returned to their returned to their homes in the homes in the SouthSouth

Strengths and Weaknesses of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Souththe South

StrengthsStrengths► South was bigger in South was bigger in

land sizeland size►North would need North would need

larger navy to seal larger navy to seal off southern coastal off southern coastal lineslines

► Could win simply by Could win simply by defending its defending its territoryterritory

►Military leadership Military leadership – – Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

WeaknessesWeaknesses► If Union controlled If Union controlled

Mississippi the South Mississippi the South would be split in 2would be split in 2

► Economy could not Economy could not support long warsupport long war

►Had few factories to Had few factories to produce suppliesproduce supplies

►No railroads to haul No railroads to haul goodsgoods

►Not a lot of moneyNot a lot of money

Lincoln Vs DavisLincoln Vs DavisLincolnLincoln

► North’s greatest North’s greatest strengthstrength

► Born in KY in 1809Born in KY in 1809► Poor, did not have much Poor, did not have much

schoolingschooling► Loved to read; had Loved to read; had

many jobsmany jobs► LawyerLawyer► Patient, thoughtful, Patient, thoughtful,

toleranttolerant►Good sense of humorGood sense of humor

DavisDavis► Born in KY like LincolnBorn in KY like Lincoln► Attended West PointAttended West Point► Fought in Mexican Fought in Mexican

WarWar► Firm believer in Firm believer in

State’s Rights; left State’s Rights; left Senate when south Senate when south secededseceded

► Did not enjoy politics, Did not enjoy politics, did it out of sense of did it out of sense of dutyduty

JEFFERSON DAVIS

North’s StrategyNorth’s Strategy

►Surround the South by land and sea to Surround the South by land and sea to cut off its tradecut off its trade

►Divide Confederacy into sections so that Divide Confederacy into sections so that one rebel region could not help anotherone rebel region could not help another

►Capture Richmond, Virginia (capital of Capture Richmond, Virginia (capital of Confederacy) and destroy the rebel Confederacy) and destroy the rebel governmentgovernment

►““Anaconda Plan”Anaconda Plan”

Rose GreenhowRose Greenhow

►Most northerners thought that simply Most northerners thought that simply capturing Richmond would win the warcapturing Richmond would win the war

►Rose Greenhow watched these Rose Greenhow watched these northerners closely and used her northerners closely and used her friendship with government officials to friendship with government officials to learn of the Union’s planslearn of the Union’s plans

►She then tried to sneak these plans to She then tried to sneak these plans to the Confederacythe Confederacy

ROSE GREENHOW

Women in the Civil WarWomen in the Civil War

►http://www.history.com/shows/classroom/videos/women-during-the-civil-war#women-during-the-civil-war

Bull RunBull Run

► July 1861 troops march from Washington July 1861 troops march from Washington to Richmondto Richmond

►South knew North was coming and South knew North was coming and stopped them at Manassas – small town stopped them at Manassas – small town on way to Richmondon way to Richmond

►At first a Union win looked certain but the At first a Union win looked certain but the South did not waiverSouth did not waiver

►Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was in Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was in chargecharge

►South ended up smashing the NorthSouth ended up smashing the North

Bull RunBull Run►http://www.history.com/videos/first-battl

e-of-bull-run#first-battle-of-bull-run►11stst major land battle major land battle►25 miles from DC25 miles from DC►Union troops are raw – may not be readyUnion troops are raw – may not be ready►Terrible Union defeatTerrible Union defeat►People thought this would end quicklyPeople thought this would end quickly►This battle proves it will notThis battle proves it will not

Main Idea 1:Union and Confederate forces fought for

control of the war in Virginia.

• First major battle of Civil War in Virginia, in July 1861– Union army of 35,000 under General Irvin McDowell– Confederate army of 22,000 under General Pierre G. T.

Beauregard• Clashed at Bull Run Creek near Manassas

– Additional 10,000 Confederates arrived– Confederate troops under General Thomas “Stonewall”

Jackson held against Union advance• Confederates counterattacked

– Union troops retreated• Confederates won First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the

first Battle of Manassas

More Battles in Virginia

General George B. McClellan was placed in charge of 100,000 soldiers, called the Army of the Potomac.

McClellan launched an effort to capture Richmond called the Peninsular Campaign. Stonewall Jackson launched an attack towards Washington, preventing Union reinforcements.

Confederate army in Virginia was under the command of General Robert E. Lee. Lee attacked Union forces in series of clashes called Seven Days’ Battles and forced Union army to retreat in June 1862.

Jackson’s troops stopped Pope’s army before it met up with the other Union army. The Second Battle of Bull Run, or Second Battle of Manassas, was fought in August 1862; Confederates again forced a Union retreat.

Lincoln ordered General John Pope to march to Richmond.

Robert E. Lee

• Born into wealthy Virginia family in 1807

• Graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point

• Fought in Mexican-American War

• Lincoln asked Lee to lead Union army at start of Civil War.

• Lee declined and resigned from the Union Army to become a Confederate general.

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

►http://www.history.com/videos/robert-e-lee#robert-e-lee

Women Support The WarWomen Support The War►Men went off to war, women would take their Men went off to war, women would take their

places at homeplaces at home►Went to work on farms and factories or found Went to work on farms and factories or found

jobs as nurses, teachers, and gov. workersjobs as nurses, teachers, and gov. workers► Helped military by being messengers, guides, Helped military by being messengers, guides,

scouts, smugglers, soldiers and spiesscouts, smugglers, soldiers and spies►Dorthea Dix – trained nursesDorthea Dix – trained nurses►Greenhow – seen as hero in the SouthGreenhow – seen as hero in the South► Clara Barton – founded the Red Cross, cared Clara Barton – founded the Red Cross, cared

for soldiers on the battlefield for soldiers on the battlefield

Now Complete Page 154 section Now Complete Page 154 section 3 in your ISN3 in your ISN

Engineers of the 8th N.Y. State Militia, Engineers of the 8th N.Y. State Militia, 1861. 1861.

Union BlockadeUnion Blockade

►1861 Union launched blockade of southern 1861 Union launched blockade of southern ports – by end of year most southern ports ports – by end of year most southern ports were closed to foreign shipswere closed to foreign ships

►As blockade continued, south asked As blockade continued, south asked Britain for support but the British refused. Britain for support but the British refused.

►South could not sell cotton to Europe nor South could not sell cotton to Europe nor could it import suppliescould it import supplies

►North goal in the west was to control the North goal in the west was to control the MississippiMississippi

Dividing the ConfederacyDividing the Confederacy

►1862 Union tries to control Mississippi1862 Union tries to control Mississippi►David Farragut led 46 Union troops up David Farragut led 46 Union troops up

the Mississippi and captured New the Mississippi and captured New OrleansOrleans

►City surrendered without firing a shotCity surrendered without firing a shot►Grant lead troops from Illinois to Grant lead troops from Illinois to

Mississippi – he was able to gain most Mississippi – he was able to gain most of Kentucky and Tennesseeof Kentucky and Tennessee

►Would not accept anything than Would not accept anything than unconditional surrenderunconditional surrender

Attacking RichmondAttacking Richmond

►George McClellan sent 100,000 men George McClellan sent 100,000 men by ship to capture Richmondby ship to capture Richmond

►Confederate forces stopped the Union Confederate forces stopped the Union attack attack

►Richmond is saved againRichmond is saved again

AntietamAntietam

►Lee (Confederate) sent his troops to Lee (Confederate) sent his troops to Maryland (slave state that remained in Maryland (slave state that remained in the Union)the Union)

►Lee wanted to show the strength of Lee wanted to show the strength of Confederacy and try to win on Union Confederacy and try to win on Union soil to convince Europe to support the soil to convince Europe to support the southsouth

►1862 met at Sharpsburg along 1862 met at Sharpsburg along Antietam CreekAntietam Creek

Antietam Cont.Antietam Cont.►McClellan (north) pounded Lee (south) troops McClellan (north) pounded Lee (south) troops

who were outnumberedwho were outnumbered► Following day Lee pulled back to VirginiaFollowing day Lee pulled back to Virginia► Union victory but could be a defeat for both Union victory but could be a defeat for both

sidessides► 2,100 Union troops killed and 10,300 wounded2,100 Union troops killed and 10,300 wounded► 2,770 Confederate Troops killed and 11,000 2,770 Confederate Troops killed and 11,000

woundedwounded► Single day of fighting more Americans lost their Single day of fighting more Americans lost their

lives than the 1812 War and Mexican War lives than the 1812 War and Mexican War combinedcombined

► Bloodiest Day of the WarBloodiest Day of the War

ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD

AntietamAntietam

►http://www.history.com/videos/the-battle-of-antietam#the-battle-of-antietam

New Realities of WarNew Realities of War

► Improved weapons made killing at a Improved weapons made killing at a distance easierdistance easier

►Rifles had replaced musketsRifles had replaced muskets►Cannons and artillery made it easier to Cannons and artillery made it easier to

“rain down death” on opponents“rain down death” on opponents►Soldiers often refused medical care Soldiers often refused medical care

because how terrible hospitals werebecause how terrible hospitals were►More soldiers died of diseases than More soldiers died of diseases than

woundswounds

Civil War TechnologyCivil War Technology

►http://www.history.com/videos/civil-war-tech#civil-war-tech

Medical CareMedical Care

►Not as advanced as weaponsNot as advanced as weapons►No understanding of cause of diseaseNo understanding of cause of disease►Operated in tents with basic instrumentsOperated in tents with basic instruments►Most did not wash hand between patientsMost did not wash hand between patients►Hospital death rate was so high, many Hospital death rate was so high, many

soldiers refused medical caresoldiers refused medical care►More soldiers died of diseases than woundsMore soldiers died of diseases than wounds

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

► Initially Lincoln said “Purpose of War Initially Lincoln said “Purpose of War was to save Union not to either save or was to save Union not to either save or destroy slavery”destroy slavery”

►Felt that freeing slaves would deprive Felt that freeing slaves would deprive the South from their workforcethe South from their workforce

► Jan 1, 1863 issued Emancipation Jan 1, 1863 issued Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

►Freed slaves, initially had no impact Freed slaves, initially had no impact though because South ignored itthough because South ignored it

Emancipation Proclamation

• Democratic Party opposed

• Abolitionists said war was pointless without freedom for African Americans.

• Some predicted it would anger voters.

• On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves only in areas controlled by Confederacy, effective January 1, 1863.

Proclamation and Reaction

Reaction

• African Americans gave thanks.

• Abolitionists rejoiced.

• Some noted that system of slavery still existed.

• Encouraged many enslaved African Americans to escape when Union troops came near.

• Loss of slaves crippled the South’s ability to wage war.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

►http://www.history.com/videos/lincolns-legacy-of-emancipation#lincolns-legacy-of-emancipation

The DraftThe Draft

► Both sides began running out of volunteers Both sides began running out of volunteers to fill their armiesto fill their armies

► 1862 Confederate passed Nation’s first draft 1862 Confederate passed Nation’s first draft lawlaw

► All white men 18-35 could be called for 3 All white men 18-35 could be called for 3 years of military serviceyears of military service

►North passed same law in 1863 drafting North passed same law in 1863 drafting men 20-45men 20-45

► Could avoid the army by paying a sub to Could avoid the army by paying a sub to take place take place ”rich man’s war but a poor ”rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”man’s fight”

GettysburgGettysburg

►1863 Lee wanted to capture a Northern 1863 Lee wanted to capture a Northern city to seek peacecity to seek peace

►Met on July 1, 1863 west of Gettysburg, Met on July 1, 1863 west of Gettysburg, PAPA

►Union, 90,000 led by General MeadeUnion, 90,000 led by General Meade►Union occupied Cemetery Ridge – 4 miles Union occupied Cemetery Ridge – 4 miles

of high groundof high ground►Mile to the west 75,000 Confederates Mile to the west 75,000 Confederates

gathered on Seminary Ridgegathered on Seminary Ridge

Gettysburg, Cont.Gettysburg, Cont.

► July 2, 1863 Confederate try to find July 2, 1863 Confederate try to find weak spot in Union lines but couldn’tweak spot in Union lines but couldn’t

► July 3, 1863 Lee ordered attack at July 3, 1863 Lee ordered attack at center of Union linescenter of Union lines

►Pickett leads charge up to Cemetery Pickett leads charge up to Cemetery Ridge (farthest North the South gets) Ridge (farthest North the South gets) but are gunned down quicklybut are gunned down quickly

►Lee withdrew to VirginiaLee withdrew to Virginia

Gettysburg, Cont.Gettysburg, Cont.

►Loses are staggering: 17.500 Union Loses are staggering: 17.500 Union are killed and 23,000 Confederate are killed and 23,000 Confederate killed in 3 dayskilled in 3 days

►Lee would not attack the Union again.Lee would not attack the Union again.►Turning point of war – north knew they Turning point of war – north knew they

could wincould win

First Day

• Lee’s forces were gathered at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on July 1, 1863.

• Ran into Union forces under General George G. Meade, beginning the Battle of Gettysburg

• Union took up defensive positions

Second Day

• Lee ordered attack on Union troops on Little Round Top.

• Both sides fought viciously for control.

• Union forces held off Confederates.

Battle of Gettysburg

Third Day

• Lee planned attack on center of Union line.

• General George Pickett led 15,000 men in Pickett’s Charge, a failed attack on Cemetery Ridge.

• Lee began planning retreat to Virginia.

Turning Point

Gettysburg Address

• Gettysburg was turning point of war—Lee would never again attack in the North.

• Some 23,000 Union and 28,000 Confederate casualties

• Victory came the day before the Union capture of Vicksburg.

• Britain and France refused to aid South after Gettysburg.

• Lincoln gave speech called Gettysburg Address at dedication of battlefield cemetery.

• He praised bravery of Union soldiers and renewed commitment to winning the war.

Aftermath of Gettysburg

GettysburgGettysburg►http://www.history.com/videos/the-http://www.history.com/videos/the-

battle-of-gettysburg#the-battle-of-battle-of-gettysburg#the-battle-of-gettysburggettysburg

►Pickett’s Charge:Pickett’s Charge:►http://www.history.com/videos/last-http://www.history.com/videos/last-

charge-at-gettysburg#last-charge-at-charge-at-gettysburg#last-charge-at-gettysburggettysburg

Opposition on the Union Home Opposition on the Union Home FrontFront

►A group of northern Democrats were A group of northern Democrats were more interested in restoring peace than more interested in restoring peace than in saving the Union or ending slaveryin saving the Union or ending slavery

►Some opposed war because they were Some opposed war because they were sympathetic to the Confederate causesympathetic to the Confederate cause

►Lincoln suspends right of habeas corpus Lincoln suspends right of habeas corpus (no longer have right to trial before jail)(no longer have right to trial before jail)

►Northerners were becoming disloyalNortherners were becoming disloyal

Draft RiotsDraft Riots

►Some northerners resented being Some northerners resented being forced to end slaveryforced to end slavery

►Riot in NYC over the draft lawsRiot in NYC over the draft laws►NYCers burned draft offices and NYCers burned draft offices and

battled policebattled police►Went on for 4 days and ended when Went on for 4 days and ended when

troops from Gettysburg were able to troops from Gettysburg were able to restore orderrestore order

Main Idea 4:Life was difficult for soldiers and civilians

alike.

• Civil War armies fought in ancient battlefield formations that produced massive casualties.– Endless rows of troops fired directly at one another.– Many men died to gain every inch of ground.

• Doctors and nurses saved many lives.– They did not have medicines to stop infections.

• The biggest killer in the war was disease, such as typhoid, pneumonia, and tuberculosis.

• Military prisoners on both sides lived in misery.– They had little shelter, food, or clothing.– Starvation and disease killed thousands.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

►Lincoln goes to help dedicate a new Lincoln goes to help dedicate a new cemetery to those who died therecemetery to those who died there

►Spoke of the bravery in the warSpoke of the bravery in the war►He was not the keynote speaker and He was not the keynote speaker and

many could not hear his speech but it many could not hear his speech but it is forever rememberedis forever remembered

Gettysburg Address:http://www.history.com/videos/gilder-lehrman-gettysburg-address#gilder-lehrman-gettysburg-address

Vicksburg: A Besieged CityVicksburg: A Besieged City

►War of many technological 1sts – War of many technological 1sts – railroads to move troops, telegraphs, railroads to move troops, telegraphs, photographs, armor plated steamshipsphotographs, armor plated steamships

►Merrimac and the Monitor: early in war Merrimac and the Monitor: early in war the Union left the Merrimac in a naval the Union left the Merrimac in a naval yard in Virginiayard in Virginia

►The Confederacy takes the Merrimac The Confederacy takes the Merrimac and restores it with iron plates and restores it with iron plates covering the sidescovering the sides

Merrimac and the MonitorMerrimac and the Monitor

► The US Navy builds iron clad ship called the The US Navy builds iron clad ship called the MonitorMonitor

► Flat deck with 2 heavy guns in a revolving Flat deck with 2 heavy guns in a revolving turretturret

►Merrimac was renamed the Virginia and these Merrimac was renamed the Virginia and these two ships meet and exchange shots for hourstwo ships meet and exchange shots for hours

► Neither claim victory but neither is harmedNeither claim victory but neither is harmed► Proves wooden ships cant compete with iron Proves wooden ships cant compete with iron

clad shipsclad ships► South is never able to add enough to their South is never able to add enough to their

navy to break the Union Blockadenavy to break the Union Blockade

Control of the MississippiControl of the Mississippi

►Union wants to divide the south by Union wants to divide the south by taking Control of the Mississippitaking Control of the Mississippi

►The Union control both cities on either The Union control both cities on either end of the Mississippi: New Orleans end of the Mississippi: New Orleans and Baton Rougeand Baton Rouge

►Confederates continued to control one Confederates continued to control one key location – Vicksburg, Mississippikey location – Vicksburg, Mississippi

VicksburgVicksburg

►Located on a hairpin turn in the Located on a hairpin turn in the MississippiMississippi

►Easy to defend and difficult to captureEasy to defend and difficult to capture►Needed an army to get up the hill to Needed an army to get up the hill to

combat the Confederatescombat the Confederates►Grant had an army they took to Grant had an army they took to

Vicksburg and the Union bombarded Vicksburg and the Union bombarded them from the seathem from the sea

►Took over a month but soon the Took over a month but soon the Confederacy surrenders VicksburgConfederacy surrenders Vicksburg

Vicksburg

• http://www.history.com/videos/the-union-siege-of-vicksburg#the-union-siege-of-vicksburg

Problems on Confederate Home Problems on Confederate Home FrontFront

►Life becomes grimLife becomes grim►No new imports; what was available No new imports; what was available

was very expensivewas very expensive►Farmers couldn’t sell their cash crops Farmers couldn’t sell their cash crops

so they planted food cropsso they planted food crops►Soldiers were dressed in rags by the Soldiers were dressed in rags by the

endend►People at home were starvingPeople at home were starving

Civil War FoodCivil War Food

►http://www.history.com/videos/http://www.history.com/videos/extreme-eating-civil-war-extreme-eating-civil-war-food#extreme-eating-civil-war-foodfood#extreme-eating-civil-war-food

Fort Wagner: African Americans Fort Wagner: African Americans Join the WarJoin the War

►1862: Congress opens the door to 1862: Congress opens the door to black recruitsblack recruits

►About 186,000 African Americans About 186,000 African Americans enlisted in the Union Armyenlisted in the Union Army

►Another 30,000 African Americans Another 30,000 African Americans joined the Union navyjoined the Union navy

Massachusetts 54Massachusetts 54thth Regiment Regiment

►Mass. was one of the 1Mass. was one of the 1stst states to organize states to organize an all black regimentan all black regiment

►Most famous was 54Most famous was 54thth regiment lead by regiment lead by Robert Gould ShawRobert Gould Shaw

►Men were paid less than white soldiers and Men were paid less than white soldiers and when they learned this they refused to keep when they learned this they refused to keep working and eventually Lincoln authorizes working and eventually Lincoln authorizes equal payequal pay

► Fought at Ft Wagner in SC Fought at Ft Wagner in SC – faced fear of – faced fear of death or slavery if they were captureddeath or slavery if they were captured

African Americans At WarAfrican Americans At War

►To reach the fort troops had to cross 200 To reach the fort troops had to cross 200 yards of sandy beachyards of sandy beach

► Impossible mission, after losing half of Impossible mission, after losing half of their troops the men pulled back – their their troops the men pulled back – their bravery was praisedbravery was praised

►166 regiments fought nearly 500 battles166 regiments fought nearly 500 battles►Soldiers received little training, poor Soldiers received little training, poor

equipment and less pay than white equipment and less pay than white solderssolders

African Americans At WarAfrican Americans At War

►http://www.history.com/videos/gilder-http://www.history.com/videos/gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54th#gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54th#gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54thlehrman-massachussetts-54th

AppomattoxAppomattox

►Lincoln finally found a leader to fight Lincoln finally found a leader to fight the Confederates. General Grant.the Confederates. General Grant.

►Grant mapped out a plan for ending Grant mapped out a plan for ending the warthe war

►He would send a large force to capture He would send a large force to capture RichmondRichmond

►Sherman would lead troops to Georgia Sherman would lead troops to Georgia to take Atlantato take Atlanta

On To RichmondOn To Richmond

►May 1864 Grant invades Virginia with May 1864 Grant invades Virginia with force of 100,000 menforce of 100,000 men

►Loses a lot of men at first but keeps Loses a lot of men at first but keeps fightingfighting

►At one point he Grant lost more men At one point he Grant lost more men than Lee had in his whole armythan Lee had in his whole army

►Kept fighting until they got to Kept fighting until they got to Petersburg and there Grant was able to Petersburg and there Grant was able to get more troops and Lee was notget more troops and Lee was not

Total WarTotal War

►Grant wanted to launch total war on Grant wanted to launch total war on the enemy’s ability to fight and their the enemy’s ability to fight and their ability to support an armyability to support an army

►Ordered Philip Sheridan to wage total Ordered Philip Sheridan to wage total war in Virginiawar in Virginia

►At the same time Sherman left At the same time Sherman left Tennessee for Georgia and set all of Tennessee for Georgia and set all of Atlanta on fire.Atlanta on fire.

Reelection of LincolnReelection of Lincoln

►McClellan runs against Lincoln and McClellan runs against Lincoln and promises an immediate end to the war promises an immediate end to the war if he is electedif he is elected

►Lincoln did not think he would be re-Lincoln did not think he would be re-electedelected

►Sheridan’s success in Shenandoah Sheridan’s success in Shenandoah Valley and Sherman’s capture of Valley and Sherman’s capture of Atlanta came just in timeAtlanta came just in time

Sherman’s March Through Sherman’s March Through GeorgiaGeorgia

►Marched to destroy any last supply Marched to destroy any last supply basesbases

►Fields were trampled and burnedFields were trampled and burned►Houses broken into and destroyedHouses broken into and destroyed►60 mile wide path was destroyed60 mile wide path was destroyed►1864 Captures Savannah, Georgia1864 Captures Savannah, Georgia►Marched through North Carolina by 1865 Marched through North Carolina by 1865

and destroyed everything in his pathand destroyed everything in his path

AppomattoxAppomattox

►April 1, 1865 Union forces break April 1, 1865 Union forces break through Lee’s army at Petersburgh to through Lee’s army at Petersburgh to RichmondRichmond

►Grant’s soldiers moved quickly to Grant’s soldiers moved quickly to surround Lee’s armysurround Lee’s army

►April 9- Lee arrived at Appomattox April 9- Lee arrived at Appomattox Courthouse to surrender to General Courthouse to surrender to General GrantGrant

http://www.history.com/videos/surrender-at-appomattox-courthouse#surrender-at-appomattox-courthouse

Terms of SurrenderTerms of Surrender

►Confederate Soldiers could go home if Confederate Soldiers could go home if they no longer foughtthey no longer fought

►Take with them what they needed for Take with them what they needed for spring plowingspring plowing

►Officers keep their swords and weaponsOfficers keep their swords and weapons►Grant sent food to Lee’s menGrant sent food to Lee’s men►Grant was gracious and realized the war Grant was gracious and realized the war

was over and they were again 1 countrywas over and they were again 1 country

““Touched by Fire”Touched by Fire”

► Intense experience – everyone was Intense experience – everyone was touched by the wartouched by the war

►Forged a new country; country was Forged a new country; country was different than the one beforedifferent than the one before

►Billions spent on conflictBillions spent on conflict►Every family had lost a family member Every family had lost a family member

or friendor friend►South’s crop lands and livestock had South’s crop lands and livestock had

been destroyedbeen destroyed

Civil WarCivil War

►First truly modern warFirst truly modern war►Rail roads, telegraphy, armored ships, Rail roads, telegraphy, armored ships,

more accurate and destructive more accurate and destructive weaponsweapons

►Secession and slavery were gone but Secession and slavery were gone but conflict over state’s rights and future conflict over state’s rights and future of African Americans would continue of African Americans would continue into the future.into the future.

Effects of the War

• Civil War had deep and long lasting effects.

– Almost 620,000 Americans killed

• The South’s defeat ended slavery.

– Majority of former slaves, however, had no homes or jobs.

• Southern economy was in ruins.

• Tremendous amount of hostility remained.

– Questioned how the United States could be united again.

Civil War MythsCivil War Myths►http://www.history.com/videos/civil-wars-http://www.history.com/videos/civil-wars-

greatest-myth#civil-wars-greatest-mythgreatest-myth#civil-wars-greatest-myth►Myth: This was not a war about slavery. Myth: This was not a war about slavery.

Some argue it isn’t.Some argue it isn’t.► It was both about states rights and It was both about states rights and

slavery. If there was no slavery, would slavery. If there was no slavery, would there have been a war?there have been a war?

Meaning of the Civil WarMeaning of the Civil War

►http://www.history.com/videos/http://www.history.com/videos/meaning-of-the-civil-war#meaning-of-meaning-of-the-civil-war#meaning-of-the-civil-warthe-civil-war