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The Bufonidae Bunch. What You Should Know. Worldwide Except for Australia Not found in extreme, cold, dry, or island environments About 550 species and 34 Genera (according to Amphibian Web) 14 known species in the Northwest Parotid glands distinguish them from other families - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Bufonidae Bunch
What You Should KnowWorldwide
Except for AustraliaNot found in extreme, cold, dry, or island
environmentsAbout 550 species and 34 Genera (according to
Amphibian Web)14 known species in the Northwest
Parotid glands distinguish them from other familiesWhite sticky poisonCan kill or paralyze predators, not toxic to humansSkin can be used as a recreational drug
Continued…Known as “True Toads”Body Structure
Shortened LimbsHind limbs used for walking or hoppingDry Warty SkinParotid glands on the head located behind eyes
ReproductionLay eggsAquatic larvaeTerrestrial direct developmentViviparous
Continued…Characteristics shared within the
familyBidder’s organ presentTeeth absent from upper and lower
jawConstrictor posterior muscle absentDepressor mandible muscle
originating solely from the squamosal
Inguinal fatSkull highly ossifiedMales develop nuptial pads
http://www.californiaherps.com/noncal/northwest/nwfrogs/images/bbboreasfl406nuptialpad.jpg
Bufo boreausNorthwest speciesLargest Western ToadHabitat
Found in arid, brush, low lands
NocturnalSecretion has
hallucinogenic properties
http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/2222/0032.jpeg
Bufo nelsoniNorthwest speciesDiurnal in spring and
nocturnal in summerConservative actions
kept this species from extinction
Defined whitish dorsal stripe
http://www.fws.gov/nevada/nv_species/images/amargosa_toad_large.jpg
Bufo canorusNorthwest speciesKnown as Yosemite
ToadHigh mountain,
meadows, and forestSeeks shelters in
burrowsDiurnal
http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/2222/0106.jpeg
Bufo exsulNorthwest speciesKnown as Black ToadFound only in marshesHighly aquaticDirunal
http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/0000_0000/0306/0113.jpeg
Bufo woodhousiiNorthwest speciesKnown as Woodhouse’s
ToadVariety of habitatsWhitish dorsal stripeProminent cranial crest
http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/1111/8989.jpeg
Bufo brauniTanzaniaKnown as Dead-leaf
ToadEndangered speciesRecognized by reddish
tint
http://www.easternarc.org/posters/AmphPost/AmphPost/6.jpg
Bufo debilisSouthern United States
and Northern MexicoKnown as Green ToadEndangered species
because of habitat lossNocturnal
http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Bufo+debilis
Bufo surdusFound in IranKnown as the Iranian
ToadUsed for pest
exterminatorNocturnalBreeds during
monsoon season
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufo_surdus01.jpg
Bufo olivaceusFound in Pakistan and
IranKnown as Olive ToadNo cranial crestTadpoles feed on algae
vegetationGray dorsum with
darkish spotting on limbs
http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/browse_imgs/amphibian_sci_20.html
Bufo lemurFound in Puerto Rico
and Virgin IslandsKnown as Puerto Rican
Crested ToadReproduction is
sporadicHighly depends on
rainfallGold marbled eyesNocturnal
http://www.coquipr.com/anf/sp.php
BibliographyAmphibian Species of the World
http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/
Amphibia Webhttp://amphibiaweb.org/
Stebbins, R. (2003). Western reptiles and amphibians. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.