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The Bufonidae Bunch

The Bufonidae Bunch

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The Bufonidae Bunch. What You Should Know. Worldwide Except for Australia Not found in extreme, cold, dry, or island environments About 550 species and 34 Genera (according to Amphibian Web) 14 known species in the Northwest Parotid glands distinguish them from other families - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

The Bufonidae Bunch

Page 2: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

What You Should KnowWorldwide

Except for AustraliaNot found in extreme, cold, dry, or island

environmentsAbout 550 species and 34 Genera (according to

Amphibian Web)14 known species in the Northwest

Parotid glands distinguish them from other familiesWhite sticky poisonCan kill or paralyze predators, not toxic to humansSkin can be used as a recreational drug

Page 3: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Continued…Known as “True Toads”Body Structure

Shortened LimbsHind limbs used for walking or hoppingDry Warty SkinParotid glands on the head located behind eyes

ReproductionLay eggsAquatic larvaeTerrestrial direct developmentViviparous

Page 4: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Continued…Characteristics shared within the

familyBidder’s organ presentTeeth absent from upper and lower

jawConstrictor posterior muscle absentDepressor mandible muscle

originating solely from the squamosal

Inguinal fatSkull highly ossifiedMales develop nuptial pads

http://www.californiaherps.com/noncal/northwest/nwfrogs/images/bbboreasfl406nuptialpad.jpg

Page 5: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo boreausNorthwest speciesLargest Western ToadHabitat

Found in arid, brush, low lands

NocturnalSecretion has

hallucinogenic properties

http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/2222/0032.jpeg

Page 6: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo nelsoniNorthwest speciesDiurnal in spring and

nocturnal in summerConservative actions

kept this species from extinction

Defined whitish dorsal stripe

http://www.fws.gov/nevada/nv_species/images/amargosa_toad_large.jpg

Page 7: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo canorusNorthwest speciesKnown as Yosemite

ToadHigh mountain,

meadows, and forestSeeks shelters in

burrowsDiurnal

http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/2222/0106.jpeg

Page 8: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo exsulNorthwest speciesKnown as Black ToadFound only in marshesHighly aquaticDirunal

http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/0000_0000/0306/0113.jpeg

Page 9: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo woodhousiiNorthwest speciesKnown as Woodhouse’s

ToadVariety of habitatsWhitish dorsal stripeProminent cranial crest

http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/1111/8989.jpeg

Page 10: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo brauniTanzaniaKnown as Dead-leaf

ToadEndangered speciesRecognized by reddish

tint

http://www.easternarc.org/posters/AmphPost/AmphPost/6.jpg

Page 11: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo debilisSouthern United States

and Northern MexicoKnown as Green ToadEndangered species

because of habitat lossNocturnal

http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Bufo+debilis

Page 12: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo surdusFound in IranKnown as the Iranian

ToadUsed for pest

exterminatorNocturnalBreeds during

monsoon season

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufo_surdus01.jpg

Page 13: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo olivaceusFound in Pakistan and

IranKnown as Olive ToadNo cranial crestTadpoles feed on algae

vegetationGray dorsum with

darkish spotting on limbs

http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/browse_imgs/amphibian_sci_20.html

Page 14: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

Bufo lemurFound in Puerto Rico

and Virgin IslandsKnown as Puerto Rican

Crested ToadReproduction is

sporadicHighly depends on

rainfallGold marbled eyesNocturnal

http://www.coquipr.com/anf/sp.php

Page 15: The  Bufonidae  Bunch

BibliographyAmphibian Species of the World

http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/

Amphibia Webhttp://amphibiaweb.org/

Stebbins, R. (2003). Western reptiles and amphibians. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.