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THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions

The Behaviourist Approach

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The Behaviourist Approach. Key assumptions. Starter - Key Assumptions. Read the quote from John Watson What does this suggest about the behaviourist approach?. The role of the environment. Tabula Rasa Literally means “Blank Slate” - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Behaviourist Approach

THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH

Key assumptions

Page 2: The Behaviourist Approach

STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS Read the quote from John Watson

… What does this suggest about the behaviourist approach?

Page 3: The Behaviourist Approach

THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENT Tabula Rasa

… Literally means “Blank Slate”… We are born “blank” and it is

our environment which shapes us.

Environmental determinism… All that we are is because of

our environment. Our personalities and behaviour is determined by our environment

Page 4: The Behaviourist Approach

THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH This approach is primarily concerned with

observable behaviour (measurable behaviour)

Behaviourists don’t believe in studying thoughts, emotions and similar things which cannot be measured.

Page 5: The Behaviourist Approach

THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH Behaviourists believe that the behaviour of

people and animals (as they assume that there is little difference between people and other animals) is the result of stimulus-response relationships.

E.g.: you burn your hand on a stove, and therefore do not touch the stove again.

Page 6: The Behaviourist Approach

COMMON PRINCIPLES IN LEARNING Read the section on page 22-23 and match

the term to the definition

Page 7: The Behaviourist Approach

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING This is learning through ASSOCIATION

To remember this think ASS!

…clASSical conditioning…ASSociation

Page 8: The Behaviourist Approach

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Does anyone have a dog or a cat? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxE

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Page 9: The Behaviourist Approach

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Before conditioningUCS UCR(Food) (Salivation)

NS No Response(Metronome)

Page 10: The Behaviourist Approach

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING During conditioningUCS NS UCR(Food) (Metronome) (Salivation)

After conditioning CS CR(Metronome) (Salivation)

Page 11: The Behaviourist Approach

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Explain:

… “You eat a banana and shortly afterwards you are sick. You are sick not because of the banana, but because you have a stomach bug; however, from now on the smell and taste of bananas makes you feel nauseous.”

Page 12: The Behaviourist Approach

LITTLE ALBERT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucx

OrPQE Read pages 24-25 and fill in the gaps. Using the equation, explain the

conditioning that occurred in the Little Albert Experiment

Page 13: The Behaviourist Approach

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Operant conditioning is learning through consequence

It focuses on reward and punishment. Have you been rewarded or punished this

week?

Page 14: The Behaviourist Approach

OPERANT CONDITIONING Read the section on page 25-5, and insert

the key terms with the definition, and give an example.

If you find it a bit confusing trying to remember all of the terms, just remember the following… Reinforcement increases behaviour… Punishment decreases behaviour… Positive is where something is given… Negative is where something is taken away

Page 15: The Behaviourist Approach

OPERANT CONDITIONING Can pigeons read?

… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA&feature=related

Or play ping pong?… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGazy

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Page 16: The Behaviourist Approach

OPERANT CONDITIONING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8nL-Bv

2oqc… In your own words, describe how in the video

above, operant conditioning has been used to train the Guinea pig.

… Use the correct terms.

Read the scenarios and state what type of conditioning it is.

Page 17: The Behaviourist Approach

PLENARY