THE AGE OF JEFFERSON 1800-1824

Beginnings of Industry

Samuel Slater – British – “Slater the Trader” – cloth making tech brought to New England.

Eli Whitney – (1793) Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts

Robert Fulton – “Claremont” – 1st Steamship (1807) actually the “North River” sailed on the Hudson R. then called the North River

Industrial Leaders

Slater

Eli Whitney

Robert Fulton

The Virginia The Virginia DynastyDynasty

Thomas Jefferson: 1801-1809Thomas Jefferson: 1801-1809 James Madison: 1809-1817James Madison: 1809-1817 James Monroe: 1817-1825James Monroe: 1817-1825

THOMAS JEFFERSONTHOMAS JEFFERSON

Major author of the Declaration of Major author of the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Opposed FederalistsOpposed Federalists Favored Limited, decentralized Favored Limited, decentralized

Government. LAISSEZ FAIREGovernment. LAISSEZ FAIRE ““The Government which governs The Government which governs

least, governs best”least, governs best” Opposed Hamilton’s Financial PlanOpposed Hamilton’s Financial Plan

FIRST AMERICAN POLITICAL FIRST AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES: ELECTION OF 1800PARTIES: ELECTION OF 1800

FederalistsFederalists Strong Central Gov.Strong Central Gov. Loose interpretation Loose interpretation

of the Constitutionof the Constitution National BankNational Bank Industrial, Urban Industrial, Urban

Economy, Big Economy, Big BusinessBusiness

Pro-BritishPro-British Wealthy, Educated Wealthy, Educated

MENMEN

Jeffersonian Jeffersonian RepublicansRepublicans

State’s RightsState’s Rights Strict Strict

Interpretation of Interpretation of the Constitutionthe Constitution

Farming, AgrarianFarming, Agrarian Against TariffsAgainst Tariffs Oppose National Oppose National

BankBank Pro-FrenchPro-French Common ManCommon Man

FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS “…“…Do not trust the masses…”Do not trust the masses…”

Alexander Hamilton

Jeffersonian Jeffersonian RepublicansRepublicans

““The Government which The Government which governs best governs leastgoverns best governs least””

Jefferson Memorial,

Washington DC

The Jefferson The Jefferson AdministrationAdministration

(1801-1809)(1801-1809) Examples of Limited GovernmentExamples of Limited Government -Reduces Taxes, Army reduced to -Reduces Taxes, Army reduced to

3000 professional soldiers3000 professional soldiers MARBURY VS. MADISONMARBURY VS. MADISON -Case taken to Supreme Court in -Case taken to Supreme Court in

1801. President Adams “Midnight 1801. President Adams “Midnight Judge” Marbury is denied his Judge” Marbury is denied his appointment by the US Supreme appointment by the US Supreme Court.Court.

ESTABLISHES JUDICIAL ESTABLISHES JUDICIAL REVIEW!!!!REVIEW!!!!

Marbury vs. Madison Marbury vs. Madison (1801)(1801)

FOREVER REMEMBERED AS THE FIRST TIME THE JUDICIAL BRANCH EXERTED ITS POWER TO REVIEW A DECISION OF ANOTHER BRANCH.

Equal footing as Legislative and Executive Branch in Checks/Balances Relationship.

1804: Aaron Burr 1804: Aaron Burr kills kills Alexander Alexander HamiltonHamilton

“Aaron Burr is unprincipled both as a public and private man…I feel it a religious duty to oppose his career.”

-A.Hamilton

LOUISIANA LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803)PURCHASE (1803)

USA needs to Develop Western FrontierUSA needs to Develop Western Frontier Control the Mississippi River for trade Control the Mississippi River for trade

PurposesPurposes JEFFERSON believes in a Strict JEFFERSON believes in a Strict

Interpretation of the Constitution…IF Interpretation of the Constitution…IF HE SEEKS LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL, HE SEEKS LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL, HE WILL LOSE THE ABILITY TO HE WILL LOSE THE ABILITY TO PURCHASE LOUISIANA FROM PURCHASE LOUISIANA FROM FRANCE…FRANCE…

What Should he DO???????What Should he DO???????

He purchases He purchases Louisiana From France Louisiana From France for $15 millionfor $15 million Argues for “Implied Argues for “Implied

Powers” even Powers” even though he does not though he does not have the have the Constitutional Constitutional Power to purchase…Power to purchase…

Sounds like a loose Sounds like a loose interpretation, huh? interpretation, huh?

VERY UNLIKE VERY UNLIKE

Jefferson!!Jefferson!!

Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark 1804-1804-18061806 GOALSGOALS

Find water routes for Find water routes for CommerceCommerce

Establish a claim on Establish a claim on Oregon TerritoryOregon Territory

Create friendly Create friendly relations with Siouxrelations with Sioux

Detailed notes of Detailed notes of plants, animals, plants, animals, IndiansIndians

Water route to PacificWater route to Pacific

Map—Lewis and Clark Map—Lewis and Clark 1804-18061804-1806

Other Key Events of Other Key Events of Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency

American Sailors being IMPRESSED American Sailors being IMPRESSED (kidnapped) by British Naval Vessels(kidnapped) by British Naval Vessels

USS ChesapeakeUSS Chesapeake (1807) attacked by (1807) attacked by British in search for sailors. 21 killed.British in search for sailors. 21 killed.

EMBARGO OF 1807EMBARGO OF 1807: Jefferson stops : Jefferson stops all trade with European Nations in all trade with European Nations in response. NEEDS TO USE ECONOMIC response. NEEDS TO USE ECONOMIC PRESSURE BECAUSE OUR NAVAL PRESSURE BECAUSE OUR NAVAL FORCES CANNOT COMPETE.FORCES CANNOT COMPETE.

Refuses to pay “tribute” to the Refuses to pay “tribute” to the Barbary Coast PiratesBarbary Coast Pirates. .

BARBARY COAST BARBARY COAST PIRATESPIRATES

WAR OF 1812WAR OF 1812 CAUSESCAUSES James Madison succeeds JeffersonJames Madison succeeds Jefferson France and England involved in WarFrance and England involved in War 1809: 1809: Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act passed. passed.

Opens trade with all ports except Opens trade with all ports except Britain and France.Britain and France.

Some see a chance to gain due to warSome see a chance to gain due to war 1810: 1810: War HawksWar Hawks (Clay, Calhoun) (Clay, Calhoun)

push for war with England to gain push for war with England to gain Canada and annex Spanish West Canada and annex Spanish West FloridaFlorida

War of 1812War of 1812 War Declared June War Declared June

1, 18121, 1812 US Poorly prepared, US Poorly prepared,

Generals OLD, raw Generals OLD, raw militias, small navymilitias, small navy

NO NATIONAL NO NATIONAL BANK TO FINANCEBANK TO FINANCE

New England and New England and NY oppose “Mr. NY oppose “Mr. Madison’s War”Madison’s War”

Major BattlesMajor Battles Battle of York Battle of York

(Toronto) Burned by (Toronto) Burned by USUS

Battle of Lake ErieBattle of Lake Erie Ft. McHenry Ft. McHenry

(National Anthem)(National Anthem) Battle of Battle of

Washington--Burned Washington--Burned by UKby UK

Battle of New Orleans Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson)(Andrew Jackson)

Chippawa (Niagara Chippawa (Niagara River)River)

Treaty of Ghent—Treaty of Ghent—December 24December 24thth 1814 1814 War ends in War ends in

Cease-Fire Cease-Fire ((no winnerno winner))

Status Quo Status Quo Ante Bellum Ante Bellum ((pre-war pre-war conditions)conditions)

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

PRESIDENT JAMES PRESIDENT JAMES MONROEMONROE John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams

solves border solves border dispute between US dispute between US and Canadaand Canada

Acquires FloridaAcquires Florida 1823 ISSUES 1823 ISSUES

MONROE MONROE DOCTRINEDOCTRINE

End to European End to European Colonization in the Colonization in the Western Western HemisphereHemisphere..

ProvisionsProvisionsEnds European Colonization in the Western HemisphereNo intervention by Europe in existing nationsUS would not interfere in European affairsBRITISH NAVY WOULD HELP US ENFORCE THIS

“…European influence is Dangerous to our peace and safety…”