Textiles

Student workbook

2

ii Textiles

Contents

Unit 1 Page 1Unit 2 2Unit 3 3Unit 4 4Unit 5 5Unit 6 6Unit 7 7Unit 8 8Unit 9 9Unit 10 10Unit 11 11Unit 12 12Unit 13 13Unit 14 14Unit 15 15Unit 16 16Unit 17 17Unit 18 18Answer Key 19

1Textiles

1 Match the words (1–6) with the answers (a–f).1 when a to prevent a problem2 where b on Tuesday3 what c a computer program4 which d the quickest way5 who e the United States6 why f the pattern cutter

2 Complete the table.

Verb Noun

to 1 adaptation

to 2 approval

to assemble 3

to conceive 4

to 5 design

to develop 6

to produce 7

to 8 specification

3 Underline the correct word.1 This old machine isn’t safe/ safety. 2 He’s an Italy/ Italian designer. 3 Can I use your calculate/ calculator please? 4 There are few hazards/ hazardous in my job. 5 This company is a good employ/ employer.6 This material/ materials is very difficult to work with.7 Ouch! I cut/ cutting myself with the scissors.8 The fabric is very soft/ soften.

4 Find eight words relating to textiles. The words read from left to right (→) and top to bottom (↓).

scissors cut needle garment pattern weave thread cotton

1

s x w e a v e b d pc g k q o i j n f ai k t o x a d e b ts d h f u u q e g ts b r j i o r d e eo g e q f j k l i rr x a c u t b e g ns i d u o d j o x qq b f d c o t t o nx g a r m e n t q b

1 Make Present Perfect sentences and questions.1 You finish cutting? 2 We do the altering. 3 You and Juan finish it? 4 We not do it. 5 They pin the garment. 6 We make the adjustments. 7 He work with Sophia. 8 Why they mend it?

2 Read the text and answer the questions.Pattern grading is usually carried out by hand. Charts are used to alter the proportions of the pattern. This is increasingly done using computers. There are two main methods. Firstly, the pattern can be laid out on a digitized table. A light pen is used to acquire the main pattern coordinates, such as the seam allowances. These coordinates are then fed into a computer for adjustment of size and proportions. The other way is to scan the outline of the pattern which allows the production of very accurate scale pattern sizes. Once the computerized patterns have been checked, the manufacturing process can begin. The automated fabric cutting machines can be programmed or the patterns can be manually transferred onto fabrics ready for cutting.

1 What is used on a digitized table to acquire the coordinates? 2 What needs to be done before manufacturing begins? 3 What are used to alter the pattern proportions?

3 What are the adjectives from these nouns? Complete the table.

Noun Adjective

1 width

2 height

3 length

4 depth

5 weight

2 Textiles

2

1 Label the diagram using the words listed below.

cutter brush (x2) blade

1 2 3 4

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

yarn industry fibres process textiles clothes

Spinning is a major 1 . It is part of the textile manufacturing 2 where three types of fibre are converted into yarn, then fabric, then 3. The textiles are then made into 4. Spinning is the twisting together of drawn out strands of 5 to form

6.

3 Read the information in the table and answer the questions.

Textile DetailsFlax Bast fibre that is harvested when the plant flowers. It is treated like cotton.Jute Bast fibre that is from the inner bark. Oil needs to be added when spinning. Can be

bleached and dyed.Hemp Bast fibre from the inner bark. Hard to bleach and used for rope and cord.Wool Detergent used to remove grease and impurities. Acid used to remove vegetable matter.Silk Production process similar to cotton. Wound into spools or bobbins. Sulphur used to

remove discoloration.

1 Which fibre is treated like cotton? 2 Which fibre requires acid to remove vegetable matter? 3 Which fibre is difficult to bleach? 4 Which fibre is harvested when the plant flowers? 5 Which fibre requires sulphur to deal with discolouration?

4 Match the beginnings of words (1–6) with the endings (a–f) to make nouns.1 manufact a etic2 synth b ton3 prot c able4 cot d ile5 veget e urer6 text f ein

3Textiles

3

12

34

1 Complete the text with the words listed below.

characteristics felting fabric warp cloth threads

Weaving is a method of 1 production in which two separate sets of yarns or 2 are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or 3. The other methods are knitting, lace making and 4. The longitudinal threads are called the 5 and the lateral threads are the weft. The method in which these threads are inter-woven affects the 6 of the cloth.

2 Label the weaving patterns with the terms listed below.

satin weave twill weave plain weave

1 2 3

3 Find ten words relating to weaving. The words read from left to right(→) and top to bottom (↓).

harness heddle yarn warp shuttle plain jacquard twill riser loom

4 Label the parts of the loom with the words listed below.

rope warp bar shed string shed stick heddle stick batten shuttle warp bar back strap beater

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

4 Textiles

4

h a r n e s s s d re h a r n h e s s id y t n m u d d l sd x w z a t s d w el o i t r t e q a re e l l o l y a r np o l e e e m n p ol o i m s e l o o mv p l a i n e r t yq w j a c q u a r d

1 2 3

1

2

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5

6

7

8

9

10

1 Match the words (1–6) with the definition (a–f).1 air jet weaving a simplest but most important weave2 crepe weave b outside edge of woven fabric3 oxford weave c variation of a plain weave4 plain weave d patterned fabric5 selvage e weave that produces a rough texture6 jacquard f looms that use jets of air

2 Match the words (1–5) with their opposites (a–e).1 organized a dirty2 clean b disorganized3 clear (instructions) c cluttered4 clear (workbench) d unsafe5 safe e unclear

3 Label the diagram with the words listed below.

selvage crosswise grain bias lengthwise grain

1 2 3 4

4 Match the definitions (1–6) with the phrasal verbs listed below.

chase up carry out catch up get on with fall behind hold up

1 lose time on a schedule 2 perform a task 3 cause a delay 4 contact somebody in order to remind them to do something 5 spend extra time doing something because you haven’t done it earlier 6 make progress

5Textiles

5

3

2

4

1

1 Complete the sentences using the (to) infinitive or -ing form of the verbs listed below.

apply switch on sweep serve work

1 Oh no! I’ve forgotten to the power supply.2 When you’ve finished the floor, can you collect the fabric remnants?3 Did the manager let you on the production line in your previous job?4 I enjoy in the shop, but I’d rather work in the workshop.5 I’ve decided for the supervisor’s job.

2 Match the verbs (1–6) with the definitions (a–f).1 adjust a make sure something is correct or safe2 check b fill to the correct level3 fit c change something slightly because it is in the wrong position4 inspect d try something to see how well it works 5 test e put something in the correct place6 top up f look at something very closely or in detail

3 Complete the table.

100,000 One hundred thousand

1 Twelve hundred

120,000 2

3 Six million

14,500,000 4

5 Fifty four and a half percent

60% 6

4 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.1 delivery you want do When ? 2 order minimum is What the ? 3 offer you What colours other do ? 4 order thousand I three Can please ?

6 Textiles

6

1 Read the text about spinning technology and answer the questions.Ring spinning is likely to be the most widely used type of spinning machine in the future. It offers the greatest flexibility in application. It also supplies yarns that are difficult to match by other technologies. The blow room is the process which opens, cleans and blends different fibres, and technological improvements have been enormous. The draw-frame adds around 5% to the production costs of yarn. However it does mean that the yarn quality is excellent.

1 Which technology is said to be the most used for spinning? 2 What does the blow room process do? 3 What is the percentage cost added to yarn by the draw-frame?

2 Match the words (1–8) with the abbreviations listed below.

cm g kg km m y mm in

1 grams 5 centimetres 2 kilograms 6 metres 3 inches 7 kilometres 4 millimetres 8 yards

3 Label the diagram with the words listed below.

polymer chip fibre extrusion bonding winding lay down

1 2 3 4 5 6

4 Complete the text with the words listed below.

seed Americas fibre plants native

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple 1 that grows in a ball around the seeds of cotton 2. The botanical purpose of cotton fibre is to help 3 dispersal. The plant is 4 to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the 5, Africa and India.

7Textiles

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1

3

2

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5

6

1 Find eight words relating to weaving. The words read from left to right (→) and top to bottom (↓).

bobbin batten beater heddle weft woven loom thread

2 Label the diagram of a simple vertical loom with the words listed below.

warp weft selveges fringes

1 2 3 4

3 Complete the table of adjectives and adverbs.

Adjectives Adverbs

1 careful

2 clearly

3 early

4 fast

5 freshly

6 good

7 hard

8 immediate

4 Complete the sentences with the words listed below and draw the time on each clock.

finish shift late early leave overtime

1 My starts at 8.00 am.

2 It’s 9.00 am! I’m for work.

3 I work at 5.00 pm.

8 Textiles

8

4 I started work today at 7.30 am.

5 I am working tonight. I won’t finish work until 9.00pm.

6 I my house at 6.30 am to catch the bus.

b o b b i n i w e bw b o e b i n a l ao y r a e s a r l tv e t t a s d p o te q w e f t v b o en o r r g f h a m na s d f g h i r h js h e d s t r i n gc v t h r e a d i bh h e d d l e e a d

Adjectives Adverbs

9 late

10 patient

11 politely

12 quick

13 quietly

14 regular

15 seriously

16 slow

4

1

2

3

1 Match the beginning of each sentence (1–5) with its ending (a–e).1 We have one hour a in the morning and one in the afternoon2 I work 42 hours b six weeks ago3 We have two breaks, one c per week4 Juan has worked for the company d for lunch5 I only started working here e for 12 years

2 Rearrange the words to make sentences about the working week.1 work/ enjoy/ company/ I/ it/ working/ here/ is/ to/ a good/ for 2 shift/ changes/ My/ pattern/ weekly 3 work/ 8.00am/ I / Friday/ to/ 5.30pm/ Monday/ to 4 day/ look/ I/ it’s/ forward/ Friday/ pay/ to

3 Complete the sentences by choosing the right option.1 Flame resistance is a fabric’s ability to burning. a resisting b resistance c resist2 Crocking resistance is a of a fabric’s colour fastness. a measure b measuring c measurable3 Abrasion is a way of checking a fabric’s ability to withstand surface from rubbing. a where b wear c were

4 Find ten words relating to time. The words read from left to right (→) and top to bottom (↓).

hour shift early week day minute year start finish late

9Textiles

9

s a v q y f c d g oh o u r e a l a t ei o g z a g k y p af a n c r z l j o rt k s t a r t v a la f o v t g n m t yq w e e k r f l a ql d l o m i n u t ea o c t g d j t n tf i n i s h f v o a

1 Complete the sentences with at, in or on.1 Are you available for overtime Thursday?2 We have a large order to complete. We need to ask staff if they can work the weekend.3 Is the maintenance manager the other factory today?4 Our staff meeting starts 4.00pm.5 My lunch break finishes 15 minutes.6 I am not working next week. I am going holiday.

2 Complete the table with the expressions of quantity listed below. Some expressions are used twice.

a lot of a little any many a few much lots of

I’ve got... I haven’t got...

a lot of a lot of

3 Read the text and answer the questions.The ancient Peruvians had, by 500 BC, developed nearly every form of weaving technique. Some of the patterns were so complicated that even modern day machinery cannot replicate them. They used a simple back strap loom to make brocades, tapestries and double cloth. Some of the embroidery was so complex that the entire piece consisted of tiny stem stitches. Images on some of the materials were also created using paint. The ancient Peruvians used a huge variety of different colours for their textile work; over two hundred different colours have already been identified. These were made from a number of different sources including plants, insects and minerals.

1 What machine did the ancient Peruvians use to make brocades? 2 How many colours did the ancient Peruvians use? 3 Where did they get the colours from for their textiles and paints?

4 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.1 When I (arrive) at work this morning, I was (prepare) for a very busy day.2 By the time I made it to the office, the meeting (begin, already) without me. My

supervisor (be) very angry.3 Since I began working here, I have (perform) several jobs. Now I am (charge)

of training.

10 Textiles

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1 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.1 The message (take) by the receptionist.2 The delivery driver (give) the wrong directions. 3 Esta (thank) for her hard work.4 The production output (monitor) closely by the supervisor.5 More than half of the employees in the study (identify) as being happy with their

salary.

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

textile research chemistry materials environmental dyeing

Textile 1 can be divided into three main areas. Firstly there is 2 and finishing chemistry. Secondly there is fibre and polymer chemistry and finally 3 science, which looks at the blending of different textile materials. In the textile business, 4 chemists work in a variety of different areas, including 5 and development (R&D), process development, process modification, technical services, 6 testing, as well as dyeing and finishing.

3 Read the note and answer the questions (1–3).

1 What’s the problem? 2 What has Jorge asked Sophia to do? 3 What might Sophia have to do?

4 Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.1 Let’s what is blocking the loom. a to find out b finding out c find out2 We have to shut the production line immediately. a up b down c out3 How are you planning the delivery schedule? a do b doing c to meet4 The conveyer belt is wearing - it’s time to replace it. a off b on c out

11Textiles

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SophiaThe power supply to the machining room has failed. I have called an engineer, but he is not available until 4pm this afternoon. Can you halt production in the cutting room so we don’t get a backlog. You might need to contact our customers about a short delay in delivery. ThanksJorge

1 Find eight words relating to fibres. The words read from left to right (→) and top to bottom (↓).

alpacasuri huacaya corriedale junin criollo churro merinos illmanke

2 Complete the table about fibres with the words listed below.

silk cotton flax mohair jute linen alpaca cashmere wool hemp

Natural (Protein) Animal

cotton silk

3 Complete the sentences with the words listed below.

wool lycra nylon acrylic polyester

1 fibre is used in all different types of clothing. 2 fibre is used to imitate wools. 3 fibre is used to imitate silk. 4 Spandex is also known as . 5 can refer to the hair of domestic goats and sheep.

4 Label the different fibres with the words listed below.

mohair cotton wool linen silk

1 2 3 4 5

12 Textiles

12 a s c j u n i n d bc o r r i e d a l eh i i s t r e w n ch a o s h e a r s hu l l b n s w e r ua l l p a s p i n rc h o r r s n b i ra i l l m a n k e oy m m e r i n o s ta l p a c a s u r i

1 5432

1 Match the colours (1-5) with the original natural source of the dye (a-e).1 yellow a sea snails2 blue b cherries3 red c cochineal4 purple d saffron5 pink e woad

2 Find eight words relating to fabrics. The words read from left to right (→) and top to bottom (↓).

cochineal chapi chapi qaqa sunka collpa tara alpaca qolle

3 Read the sentences and underline the unnecessary articles.1 She has got an experience of working in a factory.2 Stop! Something has a caught in the machine.3 I don’t know how to work this machine. I need a more instructions.4 Our employees have the good first aid skills. 5 Which the shifts are you working this week?

4 Read the text and answer the questions.Dyeing can be carried out using continuous or batch production processes. For batch dyeing, around 100-5000 kg of textile substrate is loaded into the dyeing machine. Over several hours, the dye will colour the fibres of the textile. How long this takes depends on the use of other chemicals, the temperature of the dye bath and other factors. The dye is then fixed in the fibre using either heat or chemicals. The coloured textile is then washed to remove any unfixed dyes and chemicals. In the continuous dyeing process, the first stage is the application of the dye. The dye is then fixed with chemicals and heat, and then the textiles are washed. The dye fixing is much more rapid in this process than batch production.

1 Which process is the fastest? 2 What is used to fix the colour in the fabric? 3 What is the last stage of the process in batch production?

13Textiles

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c c o c h i n e a ld h o p q r s y r it a r a u d q i c ns p r e i o o i o dg i p p c s l w l ih c h o o r l s l gy h a q w v e c p oq a q a s u n k a hs p u r p l e p u rt i d a l p a c a s

1 Match the finishing processes (1–6) with the descriptions (a–e).1 mercerising a removing natural colouration2 bleaching b applying caustic soda to cause the fibres to swell3 raising c immersing fabric to add colour4 calendering d burning off surface fibres to produce smoothness5 dyeing e using sharp teeth to lift surface fibres6 singeing f passing the fabric between heated rollers to generate a surface effect

2 Complete the dyeing process flow chart with the processes listed below.

extraction garment loading binder exhaustion rinsing tumble drying cationization pigment exhaustion

3 Garments are assembled in a certain order. Number the processes 1 –7 for assembling a skirt.

Process Order

Join back seams

Make the pockets 1

Join waistband to top

Insert zip

Turn up hem

Join side seams

Stitch pockets to front

4 Read the text and answer the questions.A Catex machine allows colour to be monitored during textile production. The machine uses a ‘special eye’ that can identify colour variations. The majority of textile businesses rely on the human eye to check for colour variations. The human eye can recognise as many as 30,000 different colours. In Europe alone some 160 million metres of dyed fabric is discarded each year due to discolouration. The new artificial eye was developed as a result of space technology.

1 How was the artificial eye developed? 2 How many metres of discoloured textile is discarded each year? 3 How many colours can a human eye recognise?

14 Textiles

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1 Complete the sentences with much or many.1 How stitches are there?2 The machine keeps jamming because there is too yarn.3 The pattern is wrong as there are too stitches.4 How time is left?

2 Match the items (1–5) with the definitions (a–e).1 order a buying2 supplier b a price that a company offers to do work for or supply parts for if it wins the order3 bid c to request goods from a company4 costs d a person or organization that provides goods or services5 purchasing e the amount of money spent on running a business

3 Complete the order form with the column headings listed below.

description quantity total item number unit price

4 Find eight words relating to knitting. The words read from left to right (→) and top to bottom (↓).

float loop yarn tuck length angora purl repeat

15Textiles

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ORDER FORM Special Fabrics 22 High Street, Oxford, +44 1865 887564

1 2 3 4 5

VB5- TRC White Cotton Thread 250 £2.22 £555.00

GH9 - FGB Packing Boxes 45 £0.19 £8.55

Delivery Address

JCPS LtdMurraytown ParkBirmingham SO98 1DE

TOTAL £563.55

f l o a t w p b o ok o o p u s u i b ya o v c c q r n w al p k j k f l d d ra m n g t h s o o nl e n g t h s f a ra s d f g h e f r tv p o u a n g o r as r e p e a t i n gs i n k e r s i n k

1 Label the pictures with the words listed below.

latch lever bobbin hook

1 2 3

2 Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.1 Let’s what is causing the stoppage. a to discover b discover c discovery2 We have to down the machine straightaway. a shutting b shuts c shut3 How are you planning this job? a to do b doing c do

3 Label the diagram of a knitting machine system using the words listed below.

latch needles sinkers brushes yarn carrier (feeder)

1 2 3 4

4 Complete the text with the words listed below.

altering samples cutter dummy templates production

A pattern 1 acts as a link between the design and manufacturing stages in clothing 2. They create pattern 3 from working drawings produced by a fashion

designer, and work with machinists to make up 4.

There are three different methods to create patterns:

• draping pieces of material over a 5 , shaping and pinning them around the ‘body’ until they fit correctly, then cutting out a pattern based on the pieces

• 6 and shaping flat, standard pattern ‘blocks’ into a style• modifying non-standard pattern ‘bases’ taken from the company’s pattern library.

16 Textiles

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1 2 3

1

2

3

4

1 Read the text and answer the questions.Knitting technicians operate machines that knot yarns into fabrics. They are responsible for the routine maintenance of their machines. Many garments and textiles are knitted. The technician will need to know which yarns should be used for each type of garment and how they are set up in the machine. Many businesses use mechanically operated machines, whilst others have automated machines. In this case the technician will be responsible for several machines at the same time.

1 Who is responsible for day to day maintenance? 2 What are the two options for knitting machines used in factories? 3 What does a knitting machine do?

2 Label the pattern diagram with the terms listed.

hemline seam allowance cutting line fold line dart

1 2 3 4 5

3 Read the text and answer the questions.A textile designer can be involved in creating woven, non-woven or knitted fabrics. They create patterns for clothing, textiles and carpets. They can be involved in the whole of the production process from the raw materials to the finished product. Designers may use a variety of methods to create their designs, including pencil and paper, software or paint. They then choose the fabrics and have the designs printed or woven into them. They can also use dyeing and printing for their designs.

1 What are the three main types of fabric used by a textile designer? 2 What are the three ways a designer might design their creations? 3 What part of the process can a textile designer be involved in?

17Textiles

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3

2

1

4

5

1 Find ten words relating to fabrics. The words read from left to right (→) and top to bottom (↓).

polymer synthetic natural atomic molecular bonding pigment hue spectrum solvent

2 Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option.1 Which chemical dye will the right colour? a create b creating c creatable2 What is the right method? a dye b dying c dyeing3 What is the final formula for the process? a manufacture b manufacturing c manufacturer

3 Match the terms (1–3) with the definitions (a–c).1 functional dyes a colour changes as a result of chemical reactions2 photochromism b use of dyes for hi-tech applications3 organic synthesis c reversible changes of colour when exposed to light

4 Label the picture of a sewing machine with the parts listed below.

bobbin housing thread guide foot and needle bobbin winder spool pin tension knob reverse stitch button stitch length adjustment stitch selection knob manual knob bobbin winding fence

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11

18 Textiles

18 p o l s h e r b e ap o l y m e r o p ts b o n d i n g g oo o n t d p e c t ml o o h u e s p e iv s p e c t r u m ce n a t u r a l i sn u p i g m e n t et h o c v b m n i us m o l e c u l a r

1

2

3

4

5

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89 10 11

19Textiles

Answer Key

UniT 11 1 b 2 e 3 c 4 d 5 f 6 a

2 1 adapt 5 design 2 approve 6 development 3 assembly 7 production 4 conception 8 specify

3 1 safe 5 employer 2 Italian 6 material 3 calculator 7 cut 4 hazards 8 soft

4 s w e a v e pc n ai t e ts h e ts r d eo e l rr a c u t e ns d

c o t t o ng a r m e n t

UniT 21 1 Have you finished cutting? 2 We have done the altering. 3 Have you and Juan finished it? 4 We haven’t done it. 5 They pinned the garment. 6 We have made the adjustments. 7 He worked with Sophia. 8 When did they mend it?

2 1 A light pen. 2 The computerised patterns need to be checked. 3 An automated cutting machine can be used or the

fabric can be cut by hand.

3 1 wide 4 deep 2 high 5 heavy 3 long

UniT 31 1 brush 3 blade 2 cutter 4 brush

2 1 industry 4 clothes 2 process 5 fibres 3 textiles 6 yarn

3 1 Flax or silk 4 Flax 2 Wool 5 Silk 3 Hemp

4 1 e 2 a 3 f 4 b 5 c 6 d

UniT 43 1 fabric 4 felting 2 threads 5 warp 3 cloth 6 characteristics

2 1 twill weave 3 satin weave 2 plain weave

3 h a r n e s s re h id t u sd w t w el i t a re l l y a r n

l e pl o o m

p l a i nj a c q u a r d

4 1 Rope 6 Batten 2 Warp bar 7 Shuttle or Bobbin 3 Shed String 8 Warp Bar 4 Shed Stick 9 Back Strap 5 Heddle Stick 10 Beater

UniT 51 1 f 2 e 3 c 4 a 5 b 6 d

2 1 b 2 a 3 e 4 c 5 d

3 1 bias 3 crosswise grain 2 selvage 4 lengthwise grain

4 1 fall behind 4 chase up 2 carry out 5 catch up 3 hold up 6 get on with

UniT 61 1 to switch on 4 serving 2 sweeping 5 to apply 3 work

2 1 c 2 a 3 e 4 f 5 d 6 b

3 1 1200 2 One hundred and twenty thousand 3 6, 000, 000 4 Fourteen and a half million 5 54.5% 6 Sixty percent

4 1 When do you want delivery? 2 What is the minimum order? 3 What other colours do you offer? 4 Can I order three thousand please?

UniT 71 1 Ring spinning 2 It opens, cleans and blends fibres 3 5 %

2 1 g 2 kg 3 in 4 mm 5 cm 6 m 7 km 8 y

Answer Key

20 Textiles

3 1 polymer chip 4 winding 2 extrusion 5 laydown 3 bonding 6 fibre

4 1 fibre 4 native 2 plants 5 Americas 3 seed

UniT 81 b o b b i n b

w e ao a l tv t o te w e f t o en r m n

t h r e a dh e d d l e

2 1 warp 3 fringes 2 wefts 4 selveges

3 1 carefully 9 late 2 clear 10 patiently 3 early 11 polite 4 fast 12 quickly 5 fresh 13 quiet 6 well 14 regularly 7 hard 15 serious 8 immediately 16 slowly

4 1 shift 4 early

2 late 5 overtime

3 finish 6 leave

UniT 91 1 d 2 c 3 a 4 e 5 b

2 1 I enjoy working here; it is a good company to work for.

2 My shift pattern changes weekly. 3 I work Monday to Friday; 8.00am to 5.30pm. 4 I look forward to Friday; it’s payday.

3 1 c 2 a 3 b

4 s y dh o u r e l a t ei a y af r rt s t a r t l

yw e e k

m i n u t e

f i n i s h

UniT 101 1 on 2 at 3 in 4 at 5 in 6 on

2 I’ve got… I haven’t got… a little any a few many lots of much some lots of a lot of a lot of

3 1 Back strap loom 2 200 3 Minerals, insects and plants

4 1 arrived/ prepared 2 had already begun/ was 3 performed/ in charge

UniT 111 1 was taken 4 was monitored 2 was given 5 were identified 3 was thanked

2 1 chemistry 4 textile 2 dyeing 5 research 3 materials 6 environmental

3 1 The power supply to the machining room has failed.

2 Halt production in the cutting room. 3 Sophia may have to contact customers about a

short delay in delivery.

4 1 c 2 b 3 c 4 c

UniT 121 c j u n i n

c o r r i e d a l ei c

h o hu l ua l rc o ra i l l m a n k e oy m e r i n o sa l p a c a s u r i

2 Natural (Protein) Animal Cotton Silk Flax Mohair Jute Alpaca Linen Cashmere Hemp Wool

3 1 polyester 4 lycra 2 acrylic 5 wool 3 nylon

4 1 Wool 4 Silk 2 Mohair 5 Linen 3 Cotton

Answer Key

21Textiles

UniT 131 1 d 2 e 3 c 4 a 5 b

2 c o c h i n e a lh

t a r a q cp o oi l lc l lh e p

q a q a s u n k a

a l p a c a

3 1 an 4 the 2 a 5 the 3 a

4 1 Continuous 2 It is heated and chemicals are added 3 The textiles or fibres are washed

UniT 141 1 b 2 a 3 e 4 f 5 c 6 d

2 1 garment loading 2 cationization 3 rinsing 4 pigment exhaustion 5 binder exhaustion 6 exhaustion 7 tumble drying

3 Process Order Join back seams 3 Make the pockets 1 Join waistband to top 6 Insert zip 4 Turn up hem 7 Join side seams 5 Stitch pockets to front 2

4 1 As a result of space technology 2 160 million 3 30,000

UniT 151 1 many 3 many 2 much 4 much

2 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 e 5 a

3

4 f l o a t po u u to c r ap k l r

nl e n g t h

a n g o r ar e p e a t

UniT 161 1 latch lever 3 hook 2 bobbin

2 1 b 2 c 3 a

3 1 latch needles 3 brushes 2 sinkers 4 yarn carrier (feeder)

4 1 cutter 4 samples 2 production 5 dummy 3 templates 6 altering

UniT 171 1 The knitting technician 2 Mechanical or automated 3 It knots yarn into fabrics (or garments)

2 1 fold line 4 seam allowance 2 dart 5 cutting line 3 hemline

3 1 Woven, non-woven, knitted 2 Paper and pencil, paint or software 3 Just the design and choice of fabric or the whole

process from raw materials to the finished product

UniT 181 s a

p o l y m e r ts b o n d i n g oo t ml h u e iv s p e c t r u m ce n a t u r a ln p i g m e n tt c

m o l e c u l a r

2 1 a 2 c 3 b

3 1 b 2 c 3 a

4 1 Bobbin winder 7 Reverse stitch button 2 Spool pin 8 Stitch length adjustment 3 Thread guide 9 Stitch selection knob 4 Tension Knob 10 Manual knob 5 Foot and needle 11 Bobbin winding fence 6 Bobbin housing

ORDER FORM Special Fabrics 22 High Street, Oxford, +44 1865 887564

Item number Description Quantity Unit price Total

VB5- TRC White Cotton Thread 250 £2.22 £555.00 GH9 - FGB Packing Boxes 45 £0.19 £8.55

Delivery AddressJCPS LtdMurraytown ParkSouthampton SO98 1DE

TOTAL £563.55

acknowledgements

Cover image by: Alamy Images (Traditional textile production/Ivan Vdovin)

Illustrations by: Oxford Designers and Illustrators.

A0011853

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