TEXT TYPE. RECOUNT RECOUNT NARRATIVE NARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVE DESCRIPTIVE DISCUSSION DISCUSSION REPORT REPORT NEWS ITEM NEWS ITEM REVIEW REVIEW EXPOSITION

TEXT TYPETEXT TYPE

TEXT TYPETEXT TYPE

RECOUNTRECOUNT NARRATIVENARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVEDESCRIPTIVE DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION REPORTREPORT NEWS ITEMNEWS ITEM REVIEWREVIEW EXPOSITION (ANALYTICAL&HORTATORYEXPOSITION (ANALYTICAL&HORTATORY)) EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

NARRATIVENARRATIVE

Communicative PurposeCommunicative Purpose

To amuse / entertain the readers.To amuse / entertain the readers.

NARRATIVENARRATIVE

Types of Narrative TextTypes of Narrative Text- Fairy taleFairy tale- MythMyth- LegendLegend- FableFable

NARRATIVENARRATIVE

Text OrganizationText Organization

1.1. OrientationOrientation

2.2. ComplicationComplication

3.3. ResolutionResolution

4.4. Re-orientationRe-orientation

A Countryman and a SnakeA Countryman and a SnakeA countryman's son stepped on a snake's tail A countryman's son stepped on a snake's tail accidentally. The tail suddenly turned and hit him so accidentally. The tail suddenly turned and hit him so that he died. The father was very angry so that he that he died. The father was very angry so that he cut off part of the snake’s tail. Then, the snake in cut off part of the snake’s tail. Then, the snake in revenge stung several of the farmer's cattle. It revenge stung several of the farmer's cattle. It caused him great loss. However, the farmer caused him great loss. However, the farmer decided to stop the fight with the snake. He brought decided to stop the fight with the snake. He brought food and honey to the mouth of its lair, and said to food and honey to the mouth of its lair, and said to it, "Let's forget and forgive. Perhaps you were right it, "Let's forget and forgive. Perhaps you were right to punish my son, and take revenge on my cattle, to punish my son, and take revenge on my cattle, but surely I was right in trying to revenge him. Now but surely I was right in trying to revenge him. Now that we are both satisfied, why should not we be that we are both satisfied, why should not we be friends again?" "No, no," said the snake. "Take friends again?" "No, no," said the snake. "Take away your gifts. You can never forget the death of away your gifts. You can never forget the death of your son, nor I the loss of my tail. Injuries may be your son, nor I the loss of my tail. Injuries may be forgiven, but not forgotten.”forgiven, but not forgotten.”

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To provide factual info / to give To provide factual info / to give someone an account of event someone an account of event happened in the past.happened in the past.

To retell events for the purpose To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertainingof informing or entertaining

RECOUNTRECOUNT

Types of Recount TextTypes of Recount Text- article- article- police report- police report- news itemnews item- historical accounts- historical accounts- letters- letters- journals- journals- incident reports- incident reports

RECOUNTRECOUNT

Text OrganizationText Organization 1. Orientation (setting, character)1. Orientation (setting, character)

2. Events / sequence of events (tell 2. Events / sequence of events (tell what happened, in what sequence)what happened, in what sequence)

3. Re-orientation / Conclusion 3. Re-orientation / Conclusion (optional closure of events)(optional closure of events)

RECOUNTRECOUNT

Grammatical Features:Grammatical Features:- Action Verb (e.g. helped, walked)- Action Verb (e.g. helped, walked)- Adjective- Adjective- Connections to do with time and - Connections to do with time and sequence (e.g. after that, before, sequence (e.g. after that, before, then)then)- Pronouns- Pronouns- Punctuation- Punctuation- Simple past tense- Simple past tense- Adverbs- Adverbs- Compound and complex sentences- Compound and complex sentences

RECOUNTRECOUNT

Example:Example:I I was drivingwas driving along the coast road when the car along the coast road when the car suddenly suddenly lurchedlurched to one side. to one side.

At first, I At first, I thoughtthought a tyre a tyre had gonehad gone but then I but then I saw saw telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks. The rocks telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks. The rocks camecame tumbling across the road and I tumbling across the road and I hadhad to abandon to abandon the car.the car.

When I When I gotgot back to town, well, as I back to town, well, as I saidsaid there there wasn’twasn’t much left.much left.

DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTIVEDESCRIPTIVE


To describe a particular person, To describe a particular person, place, or thingplace, or thing


Types of Descriptive TextTypes of Descriptive Text

- autobiography- autobiography

- magazine- magazine


Text OrganizationText Organization1. Identification (what, where, or who 1. Identification (what, where, or who is the subject being described)is the subject being described)

2. Description (describes parts, 2. Description (describes parts, qualities, characteristics)qualities, characteristics)


Grammatical Features:Grammatical Features:- Adjective- Adjective- Pronouns- Pronouns- Verbs and verbs phrases- Verbs and verbs phrases- Simple Past Tense- Simple Past Tense- Simple Present Tense- Simple Present Tense- Preposition- Preposition- Adverbs- Adverbs


Example:Example:Natural Bridge National Park is a luscious tropical rainforest.Natural Bridge National Park is a luscious tropical rainforest.

It is located 110 kilometers south of Brisbane and is reached It is located 110 kilometers south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific Highway to Nerang and then by by following the Pacific Highway to Nerang and then by traveling through the Numinbah Valley. This scenic roadway traveling through the Numinbah Valley. This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of the Lamington National Park.lies in the shadow of the Lamington National Park.

The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch’ and The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch’ and the cave through which a waterfall cascades is a short 1 the cave through which a waterfall cascades is a short 1 kilometer walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the kilometer walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools. main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools. Night-time visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature Night-time visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the glow worms.of the glow worms.

Picnic areas offer toilets, barbecues, shelter sheds, water Picnic areas offer toilets, barbecues, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces; however, overnight camping is not permitted.and fireplaces; however, overnight camping is not permitted.

Compose your DescriptionCompose your Description

1.1. Outline Outline approval on outline approval on outline

2.2. First draft First draft Peer correction Peer correction

3.3. Second draft Second draft Teacher’s Teacher’s correctioncorrection

4.4. Final draftFinal draft

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION


To present (at least) two points of To present (at least) two points of view about an issue.view about an issue.


Types of Discussion TextTypes of Discussion Text

Newspaper editorials, debates, Newspaper editorials, debates, thesis, journals.thesis, journals.



1.1. IssueIssue

2.2. Arguments forArguments for

3.3. Arguments againstArguments against

4.4. Conclusion or Conclusion or recommendationrecommendation


ExampleExampleGenetic research has produced both exciting and frightening Genetic research has produced both exciting and frightening possibilities. Scientists are now able to create new forms of life in the possibilities. Scientists are now able to create new forms of life in the laboratory due to the development of gene splicing.laboratory due to the development of gene splicing.

On one hand, the ability to create life in the laboratory could greatly On one hand, the ability to create life in the laboratory could greatly benefit mankind. For example because it is very expensive to obtain benefit mankind. For example because it is very expensive to obtain insulin from natural sources, scientists have developed a method to insulin from natural sources, scientists have developed a method to manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory.manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory.

Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in an agriculture. Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in an agriculture. Scientists foresee the day when new plants will be developed using Scientists foresee the day when new plants will be developed using nitrogen from the air instead of from fertilizer. Therefore food nitrogen from the air instead of from fertilizer. Therefore food production could be increased. In addition, entirely new plants could production could be increased. In addition, entirely new plants could be developed to feed the world’s hungry people. be developed to feed the world’s hungry people.


Not everyone is excited about gene splicing, however. Some Not everyone is excited about gene splicing, however. Some people feel that it could have terrible consequences. A people feel that it could have terrible consequences. A laboratory accident, for example, might cause an epidemic of laboratory accident, for example, might cause an epidemic of an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity.an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity.

As a result of this controversy, the government has made As a result of this controversy, the government has made rules to control genetic experiments. While some members of rules to control genetic experiments. While some members of the scientific community feel that these rules are too strict, the scientific community feel that these rules are too strict, many other people feel that they are still not strict enough.many other people feel that they are still not strict enough.

REPORTREPORTCommunicative PurposeCommunicative Purpose

To describe the way things are, To describe the way things are, with reference of a range of with reference of a range of natural, man made and social natural, man made and social phenomena in our environment. phenomena in our environment. (To inform the reader of specific (To inform the reader of specific subject).subject).

REPORTREPORT

Types of Recount TextTypes of Recount Text

Reference books, science reports, Reference books, science reports, weather reports.weather reports.

REPORTREPORT


1. General Classification1. General Classification

2. Description2. Description

REPORTREPORTEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Do you know what fungi are? Well, fungi are Do you know what fungi are? Well, fungi are simple, plant-like organisms that grow up from simple, plant-like organisms that grow up from the ground. There are more than 50,000 the ground. There are more than 50,000 different types of fungi, including mushrooms different types of fungi, including mushrooms and toadstools, yeasts and moulds. Fungi are and toadstools, yeasts and moulds. Fungi are not plants, you know. They have no not plants, you know. They have no chlorophyll with which to make food from the chlorophyll with which to make food from the sun. They do not have leaves nor flowers. sun. They do not have leaves nor flowers. Fungi feed either from other plants and Fungi feed either from other plants and animals or from the dead matter that has animals or from the dead matter that has rotted in the soil.rotted in the soil.

REPORT: PRESENTATIONREPORT: PRESENTATION

Make a report about a fact/social phenomenon around usMake a report about a fact/social phenomenon around us The social phenomenon should be something not widely The social phenomenon should be something not widely

knownknown Create a presentation of 5 – 7 minutes describing the Create a presentation of 5 – 7 minutes describing the

phenomenon abovephenomenon above Use AVA (slide, video, pictures, graph, etc)Use AVA (slide, video, pictures, graph, etc) Conduct a small research about it to get a dataConduct a small research about it to get a data Describe: Describe:

a.a. what is it?what is it?

b.b. how does it happen?how does it happen?

c.c. where/when does it happen?where/when does it happen?

d.d. is there any bad/good effects of the social phenomenon?is there any bad/good effects of the social phenomenon?

e.e. any interesting facts we should know about it?any interesting facts we should know about it?

NEWS ITEMNEWS ITEMCommunicative PurposeCommunicative Purpose

To inform the readers, listeners, or To inform the readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day / viewers about events of the day / important events that happen on a important events that happen on a particular days.particular days.

NEWS ITEMNEWS ITEM

Types of News Item TextTypes of News Item Text

Newspaper, magazine, other Newspaper, magazine, other informative articles.informative articles.

NEWS ITEMNEWS ITEM


1. Newsworthy event1. Newsworthy event

2. Background events2. Background events

3. Sources3. Sources

NEWS ITEMNEWS ITEMEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Jakarta: Freeport McMoran Copper & Co.Inc., the Jakarta: Freeport McMoran Copper & Co.Inc., the world’s second-largest copper producer had its world’s second-largest copper producer had its maximum ore production in Indonesia cut 26 maximum ore production in Indonesia cut 26 percent on environmental concerns.percent on environmental concerns.

““The government only approves a Freeport ore The government only approves a Freeport ore output this year of 220,000 tons a day to reduce the output this year of 220,000 tons a day to reduce the impact on the environment,” Witoro S. Soelarno, impact on the environment,” Witoro S. Soelarno, head of mine inspection at the Energy and Mineral head of mine inspection at the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry, said. “The previous limit was Resources Ministry, said. “The previous limit was 300,000 tons a day, he said.300,000 tons a day, he said.

Phoenix-based Freeport produced on average Phoenix-based Freeport produced on average 229,000 tons of copper and gold ore a day from its 229,000 tons of copper and gold ore a day from its Grasberg mine in 2006.Grasberg mine in 2006.

REVIEWREVIEWCommunicative PurposeCommunicative Purpose

To critique, evaluate, or analyze To critique, evaluate, or analyze an art work (events, books, an art work (events, books, movies, etc) and make your point movies, etc) and make your point of view known.of view known.

REVIEWREVIEW

Types of Review TextTypes of Review Text

Magazines, editorials, newspaper Magazines, editorials, newspaper editorials, websites, journals, etc.editorials, websites, journals, etc.

REVIEWREVIEW


1. Orientation1. Orientation

2. Interpretive Recount2. Interpretive Recount

3. Evaluation3. Evaluation

4. Evaluative Summation4. Evaluative Summation

REVIEWREVIEW

EXAMPLEEXAMPLEThis series is based on a true story of a girl named This series is based on a true story of a girl named Aya Kito who was stricken by a cruel disease called Aya Kito who was stricken by a cruel disease called Spinocerebellar Degeneration. This disease affects Spinocerebellar Degeneration. This disease affects Aya’s nervous system and as the name suggests, it Aya’s nervous system and as the name suggests, it poses a degeneration of her movement, and will poses a degeneration of her movement, and will eventually affect her mobility, speech, and even her eventually affect her mobility, speech, and even her ability to eat. The theme of this series is very ability to eat. The theme of this series is very depressing but the overall tone is very depressing but the overall tone is very heartwarming. Aya Kito’s diary was made into a heartwarming. Aya Kito’s diary was made into a best-selling book and the series follows her best-selling book and the series follows her sufferings as she struggles to find hope, strength sufferings as she struggles to find hope, strength and courage to face such a devastating disease.and courage to face such a devastating disease.

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITIONANALYTICAL EXPOSITIONCommunicative PurposeCommunicative PurposeTo persuade readers or listeners that To persuade readers or listeners that something is the case / to give a balanced something is the case / to give a balanced argument to readers by looking a subject from argument to readers by looking a subject from many points of view.many points of view.

Untuk memaparkan dan mempengaruhi Untuk memaparkan dan mempengaruhi pembaca bahwa ada masalah yang perlu pembaca bahwa ada masalah yang perlu mendapat perhatianmendapat perhatian

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITIONANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Types of Analytical Exposition Types of Analytical Exposition TextText

Newspapers, editorials, debates, Newspapers, editorials, debates, speechesspeeches


Text OrganizationText Organization1. Thesis (Statement of writer’s point of view)1. Thesis (Statement of writer’s point of view)

2. Arguments (Points and Elaboration)2. Arguments (Points and Elaboration)

3. Reiteration (Restatement of writer’s 3. Reiteration (Restatement of writer’s position/point of view)position/point of view)


EXAMPLEEXAMPLEThe Australia-Indonesia Youth Exchange The Australia-Indonesia Youth Exchange

Programme (AIYEP), which began in 1981, is Programme (AIYEP), which began in 1981, is beneficial for both young people of Indonesia and beneficial for both young people of Indonesia and Australia, and the two countries themselves. This Australia, and the two countries themselves. This is so for a number of reasons.is so for a number of reasons.

First, the participants can get an opportunity for first-First, the participants can get an opportunity for first-hand experience of living in and being an active hand experience of living in and being an active part of another culture. Their experience is from a part of another culture. Their experience is from a “rural stay”, in which the groups live in a village, “rural stay”, in which the groups live in a village, and an “urban stay”, where they live in a and an “urban stay”, where they live in a town/city. In the two places they stay with host town/city. In the two places they stay with host families.families.


Besides, they can develop their personality Besides, they can develop their personality in teamwork and negotiating skills, leadership, in teamwork and negotiating skills, leadership, confidence, adaptability, etc. This is so because confidence, adaptability, etc. This is so because they are given a chance to undertake a community-they are given a chance to undertake a community-based work and social activities in the urban stay.based work and social activities in the urban stay.

Moreover, they can have practical Moreover, they can have practical experiences and the development of skill related to experiences and the development of skill related to their academic studies or personal career paths. their academic studies or personal career paths. The experience can be obtained through The experience can be obtained through undertaking work experience related to their chosen undertaking work experience related to their chosen fields of study or expertise, wherever possible.fields of study or expertise, wherever possible.


Not only for the participants, but the Not only for the participants, but the countries also get benefit from the program. It can countries also get benefit from the program. It can contribute to a more stable and enduring contribute to a more stable and enduring relationship between Australia and Indonesia, relationship between Australia and Indonesia, increases people-to-people contacts and institutional increases people-to-people contacts and institutional links and can develop a greater understanding of links and can develop a greater understanding of present Australia-Indonesia relationships and present Australia-Indonesia relationships and possibilities for future cooperation and involvement.possibilities for future cooperation and involvement.

Thus, AIYEP has proven to be a fruitful Thus, AIYEP has proven to be a fruitful program.program.

HORTATORY EXPOSITIONHORTATORY EXPOSITIONCommunicative PurposeCommunicative Purpose

To persuade the readers that To persuade the readers that something SHOULD or SHOULD NOT something SHOULD or SHOULD NOT be the case / to persuade the readers be the case / to persuade the readers to agree with the writer.to agree with the writer.

Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi pembaca bahwa sesuatu seharusnya pembaca bahwa sesuatu seharusnya demikiandemikian atau atau tidak demikiantidak demikian..

HORTATORY EXPOSITIONHORTATORY EXPOSITION

Type of Hortatory ExpositionType of Hortatory Exposition

Political speech, advertisements, Political speech, advertisements, newspaper editorials.newspaper editorials.



1. Thesis1. Thesis

2. Arguments2. Arguments

3. Recommendation3. Recommendation


EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Home schooling is an education system which Home schooling is an education system which provides child’s main education program at provides child’s main education program at home. Home schooling takes the place of full-home. Home schooling takes the place of full-time school attendance and, in the United States time school attendance and, in the United States and Canada, it usually meets state requirements and Canada, it usually meets state requirements for compulsory education. Although home for compulsory education. Although home schooling could achieve the objectives of schooling could achieve the objectives of compulsory education, there are some points that compulsory education, there are some points that should be noticed from the home schooling.should be noticed from the home schooling.


First, the idea of taking our children’s First, the idea of taking our children’s education on home schooling can be a bit education on home schooling can be a bit intimidating. Since our country is so large and the intimidating. Since our country is so large and the people are from so many different kinds of people are from so many different kinds of backgrounds, students need some kind of social backgrounds, students need some kind of social glue to make them stick together and to give them a glue to make them stick together and to give them a sense of unity in spite of all the differences. They will sense of unity in spite of all the differences. They will not get such a unity when they are in home not get such a unity when they are in home schooling. They will get the sense of unity when they schooling. They will get the sense of unity when they are in the compulsory public schools since it is the are in the compulsory public schools since it is the easiest and best places to make this glue.easiest and best places to make this glue.

HORTATORY EXPOSITIONHORTATORY EXPOSITIONThen, the home schooling may not be able Then, the home schooling may not be able

to prepare children to fit into the mass society, which to prepare children to fit into the mass society, which means, among other things, believing what most means, among other things, believing what most people believe and liking what most people like. Or it people believe and liking what most people like. Or it may not be able to help children to find a set of may not be able to help children to find a set of values with which they could resist and reject at values with which they could resist and reject at least many of the values of the mass society.least many of the values of the mass society.

Recognizing the lack of home schooling in Recognizing the lack of home schooling in the case of children’s socialization opportunity, we the case of children’s socialization opportunity, we should afford them abundant social opportunities. should afford them abundant social opportunities. We can have active home school support groups. We can have active home school support groups. We can hold ongoing park days, meetings at the We can hold ongoing park days, meetings at the zoo, the science museum, book clubs, history clubs, zoo, the science museum, book clubs, history clubs, language clubs, home school scouting troops and language clubs, home school scouting troops and many more options to provide them opportunities to many more options to provide them opportunities to socialize with others.socialize with others.

EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION


To enable the reader to To enable the reader to understand the process that is understand the process that is being explained.being explained.


Types of Explanation TextTypes of Explanation Text

- Reports about natural - Reports about natural phenomenonphenomenon

- Text book- Text book

- Articles on scientific inventions- Articles on scientific inventions

- Documentaries films- Documentaries films


Text OrganizationText Organization1. General statement1. General statement

General statement about the subject General statement about the subject about to be explained.about to be explained.

2. Explanation2. Explanation

Explanation statements which are Explanation statements which are ordered chronologically to illustrate ordered chronologically to illustrate how/why the subject came into how/why the subject came into existence OR how it works.existence OR how it works.


Grammatical FeaturesGrammatical Features- Simple present tense (current facts)Simple present tense (current facts)- Simple Past Tense (Historical facts)Simple Past Tense (Historical facts)- Passive voicePassive voice- PronounsPronouns- PunctuationPunctuation- ConnectorsConnectors- AdverbsAdverbs- AdjectivesAdjectives- NounsNouns


EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

The amount of water on Earth remains constant, but The amount of water on Earth remains constant, but it is continually moving around the Earth and its it is continually moving around the Earth and its atmosphere in a process called the water cycle. It atmosphere in a process called the water cycle. It exists as an invisible gas in the air.exists as an invisible gas in the air.

When the Sun heats up water in rivers, lakes and When the Sun heats up water in rivers, lakes and seas, it changes from a liquid into a gas called seas, it changes from a liquid into a gas called water vapor. This process is known as water vapor. This process is known as evaporation. As the water vapor rises into the evaporation. As the water vapor rises into the atmosphere, it cools and condenses and forms atmosphere, it cools and condenses and forms clouds. As the cloud droplets move around, they clouds. As the cloud droplets move around, they collide with each other and grow bigger. When collide with each other and grow bigger. When they are heavy enough, they fall as rain, and the they are heavy enough, they fall as rain, and the water flows back into rivers, lakes, and seaswater flows back into rivers, lakes, and seas

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE


To tell or record in sequential To tell or record in sequential order the steps taken to do or order the steps taken to do or make something.make something.

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

Types of Procedure TextTypes of Procedure Text- RecipeRecipe- Instruction manualInstruction manual- Science experimentScience experiment

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE


1. Goal (opening statement with 1. Goal (opening statement with an objective)an objective)

2. Materials (not required for all 2. Materials (not required for all procedural text)procedural text)

3. Steps (a series of steps listed in 3. Steps (a series of steps listed in the order)the order)

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

Grammatical FeaturesGrammatical Features- AdjectiveAdjective- Connectors to do with sequenceConnectors to do with sequence- QuantifiersQuantifiers- Simple Present TenseSimple Present Tense- Verb (Imperative)Verb (Imperative)- NounsNouns

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

THE HOLE GAMETHE HOLE GAME

Materials needed:Materials needed:

Two playersTwo players

One marble per personOne marble per person

A hole in groundA hole in ground

A line (distance) to start fromA line (distance) to start from

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

Method:Method:

1. First, you must dub (click marbles together)1. First, you must dub (click marbles together)

2. Then you must check that the marbles are in good 2. Then you must check that the marbles are in good condition and are nearly worth the same value.condition and are nearly worth the same value.

3. Next you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line 3. Next you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a fair distance away from the hole.a fair distance away from the hole.

4. The first player carefully throws his or her marble 4. The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole.towards the hole.

5. Then the second player tries to throw his or her marble 5. Then the second player tries to throw his or her marble closer to the hole than his or her opponent.closer to the hole than his or her opponent.

6. The player whose marble is closest to the hole tries to 6. The player whose marble is closest to the hole tries to flick his or her marble into the hole. If successful, this flick his or her marble into the hole. If successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponent’s marble into the player tries to flick his or her opponent’s marble into the hole.hole.

Documents

TEXT TYPE. RECOUNT RECOUNT NARRATIVE NARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVE DESCRIPTIVE DISCUSSION DISCUSSION REPORT REPORT NEWS ITEM NEWS ITEM REVIEW REVIEW EXPOSITION