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TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

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Page 1: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA Positioning

Ranko PinterTETRA Association

Page 2: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Agenda

• Who needs PMR?

– why the PMR is different

• If PMR why TETRA?

– what makes TETRA special?

• Is TETRA for me?

– who are TETRA users?

• The Future

– How futureproof is TETRA?

Page 3: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Who needs PMR?

…. with cellular subscribers in their billions is there a need for PMR?

Page 4: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Needs of Professional UsersGuaranteed service- under normal conditions and

during incidents & even disasters

- Planned capacity for emergency handling- Semi-duplex (only one channel per group per site)

Fast group communications

- Few hundred ms set-up time

- Good dispatching facilities

- Dynamic group management

Specific functionality- Emergency calls (pre-emptive)

- Security

- Monitoring,

- Status messages

Page 5: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Limitations of Cellular

• It cannot guarantee service during emergencies and disasters

• It cannot provide call set-up even with POC (PTT Over Cellular)

• It cannot provide powerful dispatch functionality

• It cannot provide special terminal functionality • Even POC systems need too many

channels for big talkgroups

Page 6: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Urgency & Importance of Info

‘Lifeor

Death’

High(non-

routine)

Low-to-Medium

(routine)

Immediate<1 sec

Urgent <10 sec

Non-urgent<1 min

Time-criticality of call set-up

Info

rmati

on

Im

port

an

ce

CellularCordless

PMR

Page 7: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

If PMR why TETRA ?

… or what makes TETRA Special

Page 8: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA - Three Key Markets

Private OperatorPMR

Self-providedSelf-providedPMRPMR

Public OperatorPublic OperatorPAMRPAMR

Self-providedSelf-providedPMRPMR

Private OperatorPrivate OperatorPMRPMR

Page 9: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA Versatility

MobileData

MobileMobileRadioRadio

MobileMobileTelephonyTelephony

MobileMobileRadioRadio

MobileMobileDataData

Page 10: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Traditional PMR Positioning

IncreasingIncreasingUser BaseUser Base

IncreasingIncreasingInformationInformationImportanceImportance

Non-Tactical Military

Police and SecurityCustoms and Excise

Fire and AmbulanceMineral ExtractionTransport and Utilities

Business and General Commerce

ConsumerFixed Telephony

Cellular

PMR

Specialist

Page 11: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

New Market Positioning by TETRA

IncreasingIncreasingUser BaseUser Base

IncreasingIncreasingInformationInformationImportanceImportance

Non-tactical Military (COTS)

Police and SecurityCustoms and Excise

Fire and AmbulanceMineral ExtractionTransport and Utilities

Business and General Commerce

ConsumerFixed Telephony

Cellular - GSM

PMRTETRA

Page 12: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA Spectrum Efficiency200kHz bandwidth

GSM

Half-rate GSM

PMR 25 kHzPMR 25 kHz

PMR 12.5 kHzPMR 12.5 kHzAPCO25 (US)APCO25 (US)TetrapolTetrapol

TETRA

200 kHz carrier8 channels

200 kHz carrier16 channels

25 kHz channel8 channels / 200 kHz

12.5 kHz channels16 channels / 200 kHz

25 kHz carrier4 channels / carrier32 channels / 200 kHz

Page 13: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA-GSM Codec Comparison

0

1

2

3

4

TETRA GSM

Qu

ali

ty (

MO

S)

MOS 4 Excellent quality : Imperceptible impairment

MOS 3 Good quality : Just perceptible impairment, but not

annoying

MOS=Mean Opinion Score

Page 14: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA – Analogue FM Comparison

ETSI demo 2 phrases Analogue2 phrases TETRA

1 Male Moderate C/N

2 Female Moderate C/N

3 Male Poor C/N

4 Female Poor C/N

TETRA

FM

Range

Quality

1 & 2 3 & 4

Comparison TETRA & analogue FM

Page 15: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA and Other Standards

Features

Traffic Channel (kHz)

Wide Area Coverage (WAC)

Inherent Ease of Duplex

Telephony Services

PMR Services

Priority & Pre-emption

Call set-up Time < 0.5 sec

Group & Broadcast Call

Queued Call

Comprehensive Security

Terminal Autonomy (DMO)

Robust Low-rate Codec

Concurrent Voice & Data

TETRA

6.25

GSM

25

DECT

166.6

APCO25

12.5

Page 16: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA / APCO 25 Comparison

TETRA – defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute

Project 25 – defined as joint project of U.S. user (APCO, NASTD), government

and industry (TIA) organisations

Page 17: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Standardisation / Market Approach

Project 25• Strict Public Safety

focus• Focus on economic

rural coverage and working in limited spectrum

• Voice centric services, data often in separate network

• U.S. centric standard• Spectrum split and

fragmented: VHF, UHF, 800 …

TETRA• Designed to meet the needs of

various user groups – Shared multi-agency PSS– Smaller private networks

• Designed to support higher capacities

• Combining voice + data in same network from the beginning

• International standard from the beginning

• Harmonised radio spectrum for European emergency services

Page 18: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Market Differences

Project 25• Single supplier

dominance• Interoperability still under

planning• Leader in U.S. PSS market• Individual contracts in

Asia-pacific & Latin America

• Handset prices even at 4000 – 5000 USD level !

TETRA• Strong multi-vendor focus• Working interoperability

certification• True multi-vendor experience• Leading technology in

Europe and Asia• Latin American contracts• Much lower equipment prices

due to genuine competition

Page 19: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Maturity of Standards

Project 25

Many different paths tried, i.e.• Conventional 12.5 kHz FDMA• Trunked 12.5 kHz FDMA –

trunking protocol came later than products

• 6.25 kHz FDMA – never implemented in products

• TETRA-like 25 kHz TDMA -failed

• Now trying 12.5 kHz TDMA – very slowly

TETRA

Trunked 4-slot TDMA from the beginning

In TETRA standards many things were completed years ahead of Project 25:

• Intersystem Interface, roaming support

• Authentication, air interface encryption

• full duplex, handovers• supplementary services to

one-to-one calls

Page 20: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Technical Comparison (1)

Project 25 - FDMA• Traditionally assumptions,

are large cells and lower capacity

• Benefits from high power mobile radios ( 10 to 30 W)

• Expensive when number of channels becomes high

• Growing requirement for higher user densities poses real technological challenge

TETRA - TDMA• Traditional assumption are

small cells and higher capacity

• Can handle high capacity at lower cost

• Spectrum efficient• Easy full duplex,

simultaneous voice + data• Improvements in TDMA BS

receiver technology and multi-receiver diversity promise equal cell range

Page 21: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Technical Comparison 2: Functionality

Project 25

• Still only half duplex• No handover signalling• Supplementary services now

under debate• DTMF now debated• Still very little of IP data seen

in operational networks today• Text messaging still being

debated• The new, still debated,

features may finally appear in the yet non-existent TDMA standard, if at all ...

TETRA

• Full duplex from the beginning

• Handovers during call

• Supplementary services related to one-to-one calls

• IP packet data in use for a while

• Text messaging from the beginning

• Much faster feature roll-out (due to competition?)

Page 22: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Technical Comparison - Networks

Project 25

• Idea of international co-operation not visible in standards

• Inter-Subsystem Interface still ongoing

• Strong pressure from users asking for “interoperability” – in long term this may improve the standard

TETRA

• Designed for cross-border operation, ISI standard

• Designed for international traffic, numbering, country codes

• Implemented efficient VPN support for multi-agency sharing

• TETRA standard can offer nationwide homogenous seamless network - today

Page 23: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Radio Terminals Comparison

Project 25• High output powers

available, tens of watts

• Several manufacturers showing handsets - in exhibitions

• The U.S. price of encrypting handset is 4000 to 5000 USD

TETRA• Tens of terminals

available from several manufacturers

• Smaller size & weight • Handsets are preferred

to mobiles• Selling prices 500 to

1000 USD• Competition is driving

innovation and cost efficiency

Page 24: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Radio Terminals - Speed of innovation

No other PMR technology can deliver TODAY:• Handsets with full duplex?• Handsets with integral GPS receiver ?• Handsets with 65 000 colour display ?• Handsets with web & WAP browsers ?

Quick survey at TETRA seminar in Oslo in March 2005 revealed close to 30 new TETRA terminal models being launched during the last 3 years

Only open competition can boost this amount of handset innovations and R&D investment

Page 25: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA and Tetrapol

• Tetrapol based on Matracom - 1986 technolgy developed for French MoI

• Proprietary technology developed by Matra whilst developing ETSI Standard with others

• Named Tetrapol after ETSI named TETRA• Attempt to have it adopted by ETSI as standard

in 1998 comprehensively rejected• Today still a single source proprietary technology

of EADS

Page 26: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA and GSM-R

• In competition with GSM-R TETRA won the Contract

•Taiwan High Speed Rail –Top speed 300 KM/hr.

Page 27: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA and GSM-R (2)

Cologne-Frankfurt• 177 km• 47 km tunnels• 56 base stations

• 3,2 Km coverage average per BS

Source: http://www.cellular-news.com/story/7331.shtml

Taiwan HSR• 347 km• 120 km tunnels• 26 base stations

• 13,3 Km coverage average per BS

From GSM-R

to TETRA

x 2

x 2.5

x 0.5

x 4

Up to 4 times better coverage with TETRA than GSM-R

GSM-R TETRA

Page 28: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

• Use of GSM network is an attractive alternative to rolling out a new nationwide network for Emergency Services

• So far it has been rejected in all countries that have considered it

• This has not prevented several others still going through the same process, e.g.– Norway (GSM-R; Telenor; Nexia)– Sweden (Rakel; Stelacon)– Germany (Vodafone)– Denmark (UMTS)

TETRA and GSM

Selected TETRA

Specified ETSI TETRA Standard

Page 29: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA and GSM-BOS

DMO*

Connectivity Server

ASCI features (incl. GSM-R and GSM 2+) and ADCI features #

Public GSM NetworkASCI = Advanced Speech Call Items; #ADCI = Advanced Data Call Items; *DMO = TETRA

•GSM-BOS is a proposal by Vodafone Germany to upgrade their GSM network to meet the needs of Emergency Services similar to

the ill-fated GSM-Pro promoted by Ericsson for several years

Page 30: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA and POC (PTT Over Cellular)

• Proposal for adding Push-to-Talk (PTT) facility to GPRS and 3G, aimed mainly at the recreational / family use, e.g.– Family holidays, camping, shopping, mother-to-child safety

• Low Qality of Service – Expected call setup around few sec. & message delay 1-3 sec. – Limited group size– No Supplementary Services like Late Entry, DGNA, Ambience

Listening, discreet Listening, – Standard GSM security

• Threat? – Delays by the non-informed decision makers– Extra opportunities for Consultants!

Page 31: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA and CDMA

• CDMA is a broadand technology designed for hi-volume consumer cellular market

• Minimum roll-out requires 2 x 1.25MHz for initial CDMA carrier (same frequency used in every cell) - provides 25-30 voice channels

• Additional 2 x 1.25MHz per additional CDMA carrier• 2 CDMA carriers plus guard bands will require around 2 x 3 MHz• Strategy to enter European cellular market by the back-door?

1.25 MHz

CDMA Carrier #1Narrowband

Channels

Guard Band

200 kHz

Guard Band

Narrowband Channels

1.25 MHz

CDMA Carrier #2

Approx 3 MHz

Page 32: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Is TETRA for me?

…. the users of TETRA and their applications

Page 33: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA for Emergency Services

• Disasters – both natural and man-made

• Major Incidents/ fires • Incidents• RTA (Road Traffic Accidents)• Routine policing

Page 34: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA for Transportation

• Efficient Fleet Management of Mass Transport, I.e. buses, trams, underground

• Timely response to timetable changes caused by scheduled or unscheduled events, e.g. RTA, roadwork, public demonstration, security alerts, etc.

• Passenger Information• On-board security• Address queries (taxis)• Track-to-train (railways)

Page 35: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA for Utilities

• Used during storms, floods,

earthquakes, disasters

• Initially to make areas safe,

• Subsequently for reinstating the

supplies.

• Routine maintenance of power-

lines and gas and water pipes

Page 36: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

The Future

How futureproof is TETRA?

Page 37: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TREND Analysis – Technology (1)

• The explosion of wireless communication services has been caused by market segmentation, e.g. – Range / Area– Services– Power consumption– Mobility

• These new services are complimenting rather than competing with TETRA

Page 38: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TREND Analysis – Technology (2)

• Emergence of services optimised for specific application, e.g.– Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11X) for fixed wireless broadband access to

Internet– WiMAX – wireless broadband backhaul (IEEE 802.16)– Bluetooth & IEEE 802.15 for WPANs (Wireless Personal

Area Networks)– NFC (Near Field Comms) for e-money, authentication cards, etc.– ZigBee - wireless low-power network for control and monitor

applications, e.g. home automation – RFID Radio Frequency Identification – one-way communication

from tags for tracking goods and assets

Page 39: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TREND Analysis - Political

• Integration – Markets Globalisation– Sectors Interoperability– Agencies VPN– Expertise Standardisation– Functionality Multi-mode

operation

• Accountability– Efficiency (value-for-money)– Replacing custom-design with

cost-efficient COTS

• TETRA, as a recognised ETSI standard,

is rapidly becoming the first choice for

PMR users worldwide due to its true

multi-vendor choice of cost-effective

high-functionality equipments &

systems, including multi-mode & VPN

capability, guaranteed interoperability

via IOP process of the MoU – a natural

candidate for COTS

Amongst the major forces affecting political aspects of mobile communication are those of

Integration and Accountability

Page 40: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA Release 2

• Series of enhancements aimed to expand TETRA functionality in the specific areas, e.g. Codec, Ground-to-air communication

• Addition of different modulations which, when combined with concatenations of 25 kHz channels, would allow for 10x higher speed data rates

Page 41: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA - in a nutshell

TETRA is cellular+ because, in addition to mobile telephony (voice and data):

• TETRA enables time-critical non-routine, communication to the professionals operating in closed-user-groups,

• TETRA offers a wide range of PMR services and higher levels of security / encryption

• TETRA is designed to operate in the critical & disaster situations that require highly dependable, secure, robust and resilient equipments and systems.

Page 42: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

TETRA is ……

- 4WD / SUV of Mobile Comms

Page 43: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

.. the toolbox for the professionals

Page 44: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Conclusions

• TETRA is following GSM experience that has shown that standardisation & globalisationstandardisation & globalisation are the key ingredients for success of any technology

• Growing threat to safety and security of public is increasingly demanding the use of professional, professional, robust & resilient robust & resilient communication equipments and systems, like TETRA that were designed for the task

• TETRA standard has propelled the PMR onto the centre stage of the Global Mobile Communications

• With addition of Release 2 TETRA will, for the foreseeable future, continue to compliment Cellular.

Page 45: TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Thank you!

Thank You

For more information on TETRA please visit

www.tetramou.comwww.etsi.org