Arch. Protistenk. 128 (lIlk4): 109-126

Testate Amoebae (Rhizopoda, Testaceae) from South-West Ireland

L. BEYENS and D. CHARDEZ

With 6 Figures and Plates I-III

Summary

A first survey is given on the species composition and distribution of Testacea in some lakes,ponds and aerophilous Sphagnum-mosses of South-West Ireland. 114 species and varieties,belonging to 22 genera are listed. Some differences between the aquatic and aerophilous habitatsare pointed out, and some remarks are made concerning the similarity between the differentsamples.

A. Introduction

The first work on Irish testate amoebae dates back to 1911, when G. H. WAILESand E. PENARD described their observations from Clare Island. Since then, no otherpapers have been published from Ireland. We have taken the opportunity to samplesome sites during a field study-tour (July 1982) in the S. W. of that country. Thispaper does not pretend to be more than a further survey of the Irish testate amoebae,and to contribute thus to the geographical knowledge of these organism.

B. The study area1. The climate

The climate in S.W.-Ireland is dominated by maritime influences. Harsh frosts arerare, so are high summer temperatures: :13 °C is the highest ever recorded. The meanduring the summermonths lies around 16 "C, while in winter it still stays above 0 "C.The annual range being only 9 "C. The great frequency of winds of moderate to severeintensity is a notable feature. During wintertimes about 72 % of the winds areblowing from N.W. to S. Although precipitation is not excessive (1,500 mm), thenumber of days on which it falls is very high (175~200). During a normal winter itsnows only 3 to 4 d.

The quite homogeneous distribution of the precipitation, and the almost alwaysblowing seawind causes a high relative humidity (83~92%). This. on his turn, bringsan extensive cloud clover and a poor sunshine record (data mainly from F. MITCHELL1976).

2. The geology

2 geological formations dominate the region: the Devonian Old Red Sandstoneand the carboniferous limestones deposited on the latter. Due to the Armoricanupheaval, the limestones were exposed to erosion, so that in the anticlines the geo­logical substratum is formed by the Old Red Sandstone. The metamorphosed car­boniferous sediments are found in the synclines.

All the sampling sites are situated on the Old Red Sandstone, except Lough Leaneat Killarney. This explains the slightly alkaline status of this lake. It receives, how­ever, water from other lakes lying in the Old Red Sandstone Formation.

llO L. EEYENS and D. C1L\.RDEZ

I'.. 'f

B'

Fig. 1. Situation of the study area (encircled) and Clare Island (black spot) on the map of Ireland.The location of the different sampling areas (A, E, C, D) is also shown

Fig. 2a. Situation of the sampling sites in area A

2b. Diagram showing their position to one another of the different sampling sites in area A

III

C. The sampling sites

The samples have been taken in the countries Kerry and Cork, S.W.-Ireland(Fig. 1).

Site Ai: Allihies (Co. Cork) Figs. 1 and 2a, b; Plate I, Figs. 1 and 4.- Small lake. Only a few aquatic plants (Juncus acuiiiloru« HOFFM.) are growing

in the shallow margins.- Physico-chemical features (17.7.1982, 11.80 h): pH = 4.5; conductivity =

85,umho/cm; turbidity = 85.2 em; 02 = 10 mg/l; temp. = 16°C.- samples WI (plankton), 2 (sapropelium), 8 (Juncus acutiflorus HOFFM.).

Site Aii : Allihies (Co. Cork) Figs. 1 and 2a, b; Plate I, Figs. 2 and 8.- This site lies 10 m S., and 10 m higher than Ai. Small pond (1.85 m long and

0.4 m wide) on the basis of a sandstoneshale rock. This pond is surrounded by aSphagnurn-bog with Erica tetralix L., Potentilla erecta (L.) RAUSCH., Pyrola sp.and Drosera rotundifolia L.

- Physico-chemical features (17.7.1982, 13.45 h): pH = 4; conductivity= 130,umho/cm; turbidity = 14.5 em; 02 = 11 mg/l; temp. = 16°C.

- samples N° 4 (plankton), 5 (sapropelium) and 6 (surrounding Sphagnurn-mosses).

Site Aiii : Allihies (Co. Cork) Figs. 1 and 2a, b; Plate I, Figs. 3, 4 and 5.- Small lake in connection with Ai trough a brooklett and a diffuse drainagesystem.

Distance to Ai around 160 m. Abundant growth of aquatic plants such as Juneusacutiflorus HOFFM., Eleocharie sp., Ranunculue flarnrnula L. and representants ofthe Conjugales (Chlorophyta).

- Physico-chemical features (17.7.1982, 15.15 h): pH = 4.5; conductivity= 165 ,umho/cm; turbidity = 15.4 em; 02 = 11 mgjl ; temp. = 23°C.

- samples N° 7 (plankton), 8 (sapropelium), 9 (Sphagnurn-mosses from the surround­ing bogs).

Site Aiv: Allihies (Co. Cork). Figs. 1 and 2a-b; Plate I, Fig. 6.- pond, 11 m long and max. 2.5 m wide. There are no aquatic plants growing in it.

On a distance of 55 m from site Aiii , and 10 m higher.- Physico-chemical features (17.7.1982, 15.45 h): pH = 4.5, conductivity

= 87.5,umho/cm; turbidity = 29.5 cm; 02 = 10 mg/l; temp. = 23 °C.- sample N° 10 (subaquatic Sphagnurn-mosses).

Site Av: Little Pulleenlake (Co. Cork) Figs. 1 and 2a.- Sphagnurn-moss bog near a peat ditch, with Eriophorurn angustifoliurn HONCK.

and Rynchospora alba (L.) VAHL growing on the transition land- water.- Physico-chemical features (19. 7. 1982, in laborat.): pH = 4.5; conductivity

= 210 ,umho/cm.- sample N° 11 (Sphagnurn-mosses).

Site B: Lough Leane Killarney (Co. Kerry). Figs. 1 and 3a, b; Plate I, Figs. 7 and 8.- On a first sampling place (point 1 on Fig. 4 b) the is bottom covered with a mud-

layer, no waterplants. Sampling place 2 shows a very rich aquatic vegetationwith Nuphar lutea (L.) SM., Poniinalis sp., Typha latifolia L., Alisma. plantago­aquatica L. The bottom consists of little pebbles and sand.

- Physico-chemical features place 1 (23.7.1982, 13.15 h): pH = 7; conductivity= 240,umho/cm; turbidity = 28.5 em; 02 = 4 mg/l; temp. = 25 °C.

- sample N° 13 (sapropelium).

112 L. BEYE NS and D. C HA R VEZ

P la t e 1. Sampling sites(The place of sa mpling is indi cat ed by a n arrow)

F ig. 1. AIIihi es, si te Ai (samples N° 1, 2, 3)F ig. 2. AIIihies, site Aii (samples N° 4, 5, 6)

T est .u r- Aillopb ae [rotn :-\ollth·West I rel and 113

'~-- - - - ­~--

Ross rt=f\Coslle U

.. ~..=-=-=. -_-_- - -_ I

N

t

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Fig. 3 a, b . Locat ion of t he sa mpling sit es in area 13

- Physieo-chemioal fea tures place 2 (23. i . 1982, 14.30 h) : pH = 8 ; conductivity= 94,um ho/cm ; turbidity = 19 cm; 02 = 11 mgjl ; t emp . = 24 °C.

- sample N° 14 (Fontinali s sp. ).- sample N° 12: plankt on from both places.

·Site Cj : Ardgroom (Co. Cork). Figs. 1 and 4 ; P late II. Fig. 1.

- Small lake 1.5 km S.W. from Ardgroom , east of road L62. Phraqmites communisTRIN., Nyrn phaea alba L. are growi ng on the southern side of t he lake. Subaqu aticSphagnum. mosses are ab undant on the plac e of sampling.P hysico-chemical features (24. 7. 1982, 10.30 h) : pH = 4.5. conduct ivity= 80,umho/cm ; turbidity = 31 em ; 0 2 = 8 mg/l ; t emp. = 21 °C.

- samples N° 15 (plankto n), 16 (sapropelium), 17 (Sphaynnrn- mosses from surround­ing bog).

Site Cu: Loch Fadda (Co. Cork ). F igs. 1 and 4 ; P late II , Fi g. 6.- Peat ditch near the southwestern-end of t he loch, 5.8 ill long and 0.95 m wide .

I n thi s ditch grew Lobelia tlortmanna L. The brown ma croscopic slimeballs ofSchi zochlamys gelatinosa1 ) A. BUA UN (Chloroph yta, Tetrasporales) were alsoobserved .Physico-chemical features (24. 7. 1982, 12.30 h): pH = 5.5 ; conduct ivity= 120 ,umho/cm; turbidity = 20 cm; O2 = 6 mgjl ; t emp. = 23 "C.samples N° 18 (plankton ), 19 (sapropelium).

1) det ermined by L . VAN MEEL (Ro y. B elg. Inst. Na t. Sc.)

F ig. 3. Allihi es, sit e Aiii , seen from sit e AilFig. 4. Allih ies, sit e Aw , seen from site Aj y • Site Ai is situated on the saddleFig. 5. All ih ies, site A w (samples N° 7, 8)Fig. 6. Allihies, sit e Ai y (sample N° 10)Fig. 7. L OHch Leane, sit e n, pla ce 1 (samples N° 12,13)Fig. 8. LOHeh Leane, site B, place 2 (sa mp les N° 12, 14)

S Arch. P rotl st enk ., Bd. 128

114 L. BEYEXS and D. CHARDEZ

Plate II. Sampling sites

Fig. 1. Ardgroom, site Ci (samples N° 15, IG)Fig. 2. Upper Cloonee Lough, site D;, seen from a point near Loch Napeasta (site D ii)

Fig. 3. Uppor Cloonoe Lough, site D;, place 1 (samples N° 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)Fig. 4. Upper Claanee Lough, site D;, place 2 (samples N° 20, 25, 26)Fig. 5. Loch Napeasta, site Dii (samples N° 27, 28)Fig. 6. Loch Fadda, site Cli (samples N° 18, 19)

Test ate Amoebae from South-West Ireland

- - - - V - - - -- -

_~~ -=t~~~

Fig. 4. Locat ion of the sa mpling sitos in area C

til

115

Locll ',fJpells!a7

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II I I

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Fig. 5a, b . Locat ion of t he sa mpling sites in area D

Site Dj : Upper Cloonec Lou gh (Co. Kerry) . Figs. 1 and 5a-b ; P late II, Figs. 2, 3and 4.- Lak e, of wich the more sheltered and shallow parts (place 1) have a luxurious

aquat ic vegetation with Nymphaea alba L ., Phraqmites communis TRiN., Pota ­moqeton. natans L., Lobelia tlortmanna L, an d Eriocaulon aqutuicum (H ILL) DRUCE.

Oth er margina l part s bear only a scarce open vegetation of Lobelia dorimanma L"I soetes lacustris L. and Er iocaulon aquaticum (HI LL) DRUCE (place 2).

- - Physico-chemical features place 1 (26. 7. 1982, 10.45 h) : pH = 5.5; conducti vit y= 43 ,umho/cm ; t ur bidity = 13.5 cm; 02 = 5 mgjl ; t emp. = 19 °C.

- samples N° 21 (leaves Potamogeton), 22 (leaves Nymphaea), 23 (ste ms N ymphaea),24 (sapropelium).

- Physico-chemical features place 2 (28. 7. 1982, 11.50 h) : ]JH = 6.5 ; conductivity= 43 ,umho/cm ; turbidity = 27 cm ; 02 = 11 mgjl ; t emp . = 22 °C.

- samples N° 25 (L obelia dortmanna L.), 26 (benthos)- sample N° 20: plankton from both places.

Site D ii : Loch Napeasta (Co. K err y) . Figs. 1 and 5a; Pl ate II, Fig. 5.

- Mountain tarn with in th e shallow, marginal parts a very thin vegetation withmainly L obelia dorimomna L,

- Physico-chemical features (26.7 . 1982,13.50 h): pH = 7; conduct ivit y= 49 ,umhojcm; turbidity = 30 em ; 02 = 11 mg jl ; t emp. = 21 °0.

- samples N° 27 (plankton), 28 (benthos) .8·

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1A 1a 1c

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Plate III. Some species that are variables or closely related to each other

Fig. 1 A, 1E, 1 C. Different structures of the shell of Centropyxis discoidesFig. 2. Difflugia eleqan«Fig. 3. Difflugia eleqans teresFig. 4 A, 4 E, 4 C. Variability of Difflugia acuminataFig. 5A, 5E. Different structures of the shell of Difflugia acuminata acauiisFig. 6. Difflugia pyriformisFig. 7. Difflugia pyriformis cylindrus

n

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40

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Tcstnte Amoeb>te from South- West Ireland

A

121

Ai A ii A .. A iv B C i e li O i O ii Ail Alii Aw Cl

Fig. 0. The number of taxa on each sampling site for the aquatic (A) and aerophilous habitats (B)

D. Observations on the Testaceafauna

The Testacea observed in the 28 samples are listed in Table 1. 114 species andvarieties belonging to 22 genera have been recorded, of wich 6 are rare species. Thesystematic observations are summarized in Table 2. The genera Diftlugia, with 33 taxa,Centropyxis (17 taxa), Nebela (1:3 taxa.), Arcella (11 taxa) and Euglypha (7 taxa)represent together 71 % of the whole fauna. The qualitative most occurring speciesare Arcella discoides, Trinema lineare, Nebela carinata and Centropyxis aculeata.

The distribution of the different species and varieties in the different habitats arelisted in Table 3. These habitats can be divided in 2 types: the aquatic ones (plankton,sapropelium, benthos, aquatic plants) enclosing 24 samples, and the aerophilousSphagnum.mosses (4 samples) which were very wet to wet (humidityclasses III-IVaccording to JUNG 1936). Some differences in the composition of the fauna living inthese 2 groups can be pointed out. A number of taxa does only occur in the mosses:Arcella arenaria., Difflugia pyriformis cylindrus, D. eleqans tricornis, D. rubescensminor, D. dujardini, Hyalosphenia elegans cylindracollis, Phryganella acropodia,Euglypha filifera, Tracheleuglypha dentata, Corythion pulchellum, Amphitrema siena­stoma, together 10 %of the observed taxa. The genera Hyalosphenia, Tracheleuglyphaand Am.phstrema are restricted to this habitat. On the other hand, 2 genera (Cyclo­pyxis and Plagiopyxis) and 51 species and varieties were not met in the mosses.

Fig. 8. Difflugia pyriformis lataFig. 9. Difflugia linearisFig. 10. Difflugia pyriformdlaFig. 11. Difflugia lacuetrisFig. 12. Difflugia lanceolataFig. 13. Difflugia lanceolaia hellebautiFig. 14. D~fflugia globularisFig. 15. Diffl'ugia globulosaFig. ie. Difflugia globulus

122 L. BEYEXS and D. CHARDEZ

Table 2. Summary of the systematic observations.N = Number of species and varieties. IP (Index of presence) = number of presences on the totalityof 28 samples. The proportion between this index and the number of taxa makes a comparisonpossible between the different genera

IPSubclasses Families Genera N IP -

N

Lobosia Arcellidae Arcella 12 36 3

Centropyxidae Centropyxis 17 43 2.5Cyclopyxis 3 4 1.3

Plagiopyxidae Plagiopyxis 3 4 1.3

Difflugiidae Difflugia 33 85 2.57Pontigulasia 3 16 5.33

Hyalosphenidae Nebela 13 41 :3.15Quadrullela 1 3 3Hyalosphenia I I 1Heleopera 3 8 2.6

Lesquereudidae Lesquereusia 3 9 3

Phryganellidae Phryganella 2 4 2

Filosia Euglyphidae Euglypha 7 18 2.57Trinema 2 13 6.5Corythion 3 3 1Assulina I I 1Tracheleuqiupha 1 1 1Placocista I 2 2Sphenoderia 2 7 3.5

Arnphitrernidae Amphitrema 1 1 1Ditrema 1 4 4

Cyphoderiidae Cyphoderia I 4 4

Considering the number of taxa on each sampling site (Fig. 6), the aerophiloushabitats equals nearly the aquatic ones. The mean number (see Table 3) is even higherin the mosses, illustrating the merely oligotrophic character of these waters.

Another remarkable feature is the very weak similarity between the several sam­ples (Table 4). We have used the index of similarity according to S0RENSEN: ISs =

A~ B X 100 [c = number of species common to both samples; A (or B) = total

number of species in sample A or B]. As index of dissimilarity we used ID = 100- ISs. Closer similarities (ISs> 50) were only found between 4 pairs of samples,mainly representing epiphytic fauna's on submerged parts of aquatic plants. Foreach sample the maximum sum of the indices is theoretical 27 X 100 = 2,700. Thegreatest obtained sum was 418, this is only 15.5 % of the possible maximum. Thefaunas of the aerophilous mosses, however, display a greater, but still weak affinityto each other. Managing them separate from the aquatic samples the calculatedmaximum sum was 92, or 31 % of the possible maximum (400). They also show ahigher mean sum (27 % of the possible maximum) than the whole collection ofsamples (10 %).

T estate Amoebae from South- " .es t Irelan d 123

T able 3. Number of spec ies in the different habita t s. T he presence in eac h sample is taken in t oaccount

Sphag num- P lankton Sapropeliu m Aq uatic plant s Ben -m osses thos

Arcella 11 12 5 8Oentropyxis 9 12 15 6 2Oyclopyxi<J 2 2Plagiopyxis 2 2Difflugia 17 35 18 13 2P ontiqulasia 2 5 6

.,<>

Nebela 18 9 10 4QuacZru llela 1 1 1H yalosp heni a 1H eleopera 5 1 1 1L esqu ereusia 1 4 4P hryanella :IEuglypha 8 6 4Trinema 4 :I 5Oorythion 2 2A ssuli na 1 1T racheleuglypha 1P lacocista 1 1Sphenoderia :I 2 1A mphitrema 1Dit rema 2 1 1Oyphorleria 1 2 1Tot al number of 90 99 76 40 4ob servationsAver age number 22.5 12.3 10.8 5.7 2for each sa mple

Zusammenfassung

Eine erste U bersieh t tiber d ie Artenzusammenstellung u n d Vertei lung der Testaceen in eini genSeen. 'I'umpoln und a erophyt isch en S p hngn um -Moosen in S\'V-Irland wird gegeben , 114 Art en u ndVurietaten, die zu 22 Gattu ngen gchoren , wurden listenm a l.l ig erfal.lt. Einige Differenzen zwischenden a quat isch en und den aerophytisch en Biot op en wer den angeftih rt , danach wird di e Similaritatzwisch en de n versch iedenen Proben erla ut ert ,

Resume

U n premier survol es t donne co ncernant la compos it ion et la re par ti on des R h izop odes t estacesdans plusieurs lacs. ma ra is, a ins i que dans les Sphaignes et "Mousses ae ro ph iles du S.\\'. de I'I r­lande,

114 espeees et varietes apparten ant a 22 genres son t recenses, Les differences ent re habit a t sa.qua ti ques et ae rie ns son t en evide nce. quelques remarques so nt fa ites concernan t la sim ilit u deent re les differ ont s echan t illons.

Acknowledgements

The aut h ors wis h to thank Dr. D. K. FER GUSO)l" for ske tc h ing Fi g. 2b, an d Mr . J . UYTGEERTSfor t ypewriting the manuscri pt.

124 L. BEYENS and D. CHARDEZ

Table 4. Matrix of indices of dissimilarity (ID) and similarity (ISs) in percent for the 28 samples

ID values11 12 13 1~

34,8 92,3 8E,2 38,S

71,:'-)

80,6

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Testate Amoebae from Nouth- \Vest Ireland 125

126 L. BEYENS and D. CHARDEZ, Testate Amoebae from South-West Ireland

Literature

CHARDEZ, D.: Contribution a la faune Theeamoebienne de I'Islande. Bull. Inst. r. Sc. Nat. Belg.45 (29) (1969): 1-16.

JUNG, W.: Thekamoben ursprunglicher lebender deutscher Hochmoore. Abh, LandesmuseumWestfalen 7 (1936): 1-87.

- 'I'hekamoeben eines Eggegebirgsmoores und zweier Moore im Hohen Venn. Ann. Protist. 5(1936): 83-122.

MITCHELL, F.: The Irish Landscape. Collins 1976.PENARD, E.: Faune Rhizopodique du bassin du Leman. Kundig. Edit. Geneve (1902): 715 p.WAILES, G. H., and PENARD, E.: Rhizopoda. Proc, Roy. Irish. Acad. 31. Clare Island Survey 65

(1911): 64 p.

Authors' addresses: Dr. L. BEYENS, dienst Plantkunde (Prof. Dr. R. VANHOORNE), R. U.C.A.,Groenenborgerlaan 171, B· 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium; Dr. D. CHARDEZ, Laboratoire de ZoologieGeneralo et Faunistique (Prof. J. LECLERQ), Faoulte des Sciences Agronomiques de l'Etat, B·5800 Gembloux, Belgium.