Tesis Valdivia

8/19/2019 Tesis Valdivia

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UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE CHIHUAHUA

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA CULTURA FÍSICA

SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSGRADO

IMPACTO DE LA VALORACION EN ALUMNOS CON TDA EN LOS ALUMNOS

DE LA PRIMARIA “PORFILIO PARRA”

TESIS

QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE:

MAESTRO PROFESIONAL EN ATENCION A POBLACIONES

ESPECIALES ATRAVES DEL MOVIMIENTO

PRESENTA:

L.E.F. GADALUPE VALDIVIA GONZÁLEZ

DIRECTOR DE TESIS: ASESOR:

CHIHUAHUA, CHIH., ENERO DEL !"#


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UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE CHIHUAHUA

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA CULTURA FÍSICA

SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSGRADO

IMPACTO DE LA VALORACION EN ALUMNOS CON TDA EN LOS ALUMNOS

DE LA PRIMARIA “PORFILIO PARRA”

TESIS

QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE:

MAESTRO ATENCION A POBLACIONES ESPECIALES A TRAV$S

DEL MOVIMIENTO

PRESENTA:

L.E.F.

COMIT$ DE GRADO

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Copyright © 2015GUADALUE !ALDI!IA GO"#$LE#

Dere%ho& Re&er'()o&

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D E D I C A T O R I A S

Gr(%i(& ( )io& por permitir otro +ogro m,& e- +( 'i)(. /e &i- ))( (+g-( e&to

-o hbier( &i)o po&ib+e &i- e+ (poyo i-%o-)i%io-(+ )e )o& gr(-)e& &ere&

hm(-o& ie-e& --%( per)iero- +( e y +( e&per(-3( e- m. A mi& p()re&

+%h()ore& i-%(-&(b+e& or6()ore& )e re&peto y '(+ore&. %o- tr(b(6o y &(%rii%io

&iempre +ogr(ro- i-%+%(r-o& e+ '(+or )e +( e)%(%i7-.

Gr(%i(& ( mi& herm(-o& ( to)o& y %()( -o )e &te)e& por bri-)(rme & (poyoe )e (+g-( m(-er( &iempre e&t'ier(- (+ pe-)ie-te e&te t(mbi8- e& +ogro )e

&te)e& gr(%i(&.

A mi e&po&( Si+'i( gr(%i(& por %omp(rtir +( 'i)( %o-migo gr(%i(& por e&o& )o&

m(r('i++o&o& hi6o& Emi+io y E+(& e &o- e+ motor p(r( e -o &ig(

prep(r,-)o&e )( ( )( gr(%i(& hi6o& por &er +o e me moti'( ( +( &per(%i7-%o-&t(-te.

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A G R A D E C I M I E N T O S

A +( 9(%+t() )e E)%(%i7- 9&i%( y Cie-%i(& )e Deporte por bri-)(r +( op%i7- (

- e&t)io )e po&gr()o e %e-t( %o- +o& e+eme-to& &i%ie-te& p(r( (te-)er (

+(& pob+(%io-e& e&pe%i(+e&.

A+ )ire%tor )e +( 9(%+t() .C 9r(-%i&%o ;('ier 9+ore& Ri%o por bri-)(r e+ (poyo

( +o& m(e&tro& e (&pir(- ( - gr()o )e m(e&tr(.

i m,& &i-%ero (gr()e%imie-to ( mi (&e&or .A..E ;('ier


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Í N D I C E

Re&me->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1

C1230/ I I+&/*3--)4+55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555556

1.1 (r%o te7ri%o>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5

1.2 A-te%e)e-te&>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>*?

1.* +(-te(mie-to )e+ prob+em(>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>*@

1.4 ;&tii%(%i7->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>*?

1.? Ob6eti'o ge-er(+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>40

1.@ Ob6eti'o& e&pe%i%o&>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>40

C1230/ II M7/*/55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555541

2.1 S6eto&>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>41

2.2 err(mie-t(& )e i-'e&tig(%i7-BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB42

2.* ro%e)imie-to>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4*

C1230/ III R'(30*/(5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555545

C1230/ IV D)(-3()4+ 8 -/+-03()/+'(555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555554

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A-eo 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>54

A-eo 2BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB5

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Í N D I C E D E T A B L A S Y F I G U R A S

T90 .". E&t()&ti%o& )e&%ripti'o& por g8-ero>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>@2

T90 .. E&t()&ti%o& )e&%ripti'o& por %(rrer(>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>@*

T90 .. E&t()&ti%o& )e&%ripti'o& por %(rrer( e- hombre&>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>@5

F);3& .". (rti%ip(-te& por g8-ero. " 210>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>@2

F);3& .. (rti%ip(-te& por %(rrer( e-tre hombre&. " 101>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>@*

F);3& .. (rti%ip(-te& por %(rrer( e-tre m6ere&. " 10>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>@4

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R E S U M E N

L( )ete%%i7- e- +o& -i=o& e pre&e-t(- (+g-( "e%e&i)() E)%(ti'( E&pe%i(+

(&o%i()( ( )i&%(p(%i)() o t(&tor-o %o-&titye +( oport-i)() p(r( bri-)(r (

)i%ho (+m-o +o e reiere. E+ ob6eti'o e& e+ )e %o-o%er +o& ee%to& )e -

progr(m( p&i%omotor e- (+m-o& e pre&e-t( (+g-( %o- (+g-( -e%e&i)()

e)%(ti'( e&pe%i(+ e+ pre&e-te e&t)io e& e+ (-,+i&i& )e %omport(mie-to& )e

(+m-o& e pre&e-t(b(- Tr(&tor-o por D8i%it )e Ate-%i7-.

E- e&te e&t)io &e re(+i37 e- -( i-ter'e-%i7- y e- -( &o+(

pob+(%i7- +( %,+ e grpo %o-tro+ &e (p+i%7 (-te& )e +( i-ter'e-%i7- )e+

progr(m( y )e&p8& )e +( (p+i%(%i7- )e+ mi&mo. L( e&%(+( ti+i3()( e

CO""ERS ( i-i%io y i-(+ e mi)i7 e+ -i'e+ e- +(& &be&%(+(& e

)etermi-(- +( pre&e-%i( )e - Tr(&tor-o por D8i%it )e Ate-%i7- e- '(rio&

(&pe%to&. A&imi&mo &e +ogr7 re&%(t(r +( p(rti%ip(%i7- por g8-ero gr()oe&%o+(r y e)() e- +o& (+m-o& p(rti%ip(-te&.

E- +o& re&+t()o& &e ob&er'( e -o h(y )iere-%i(& &ig-ii%(ti'(& e-

(&pe%to& )e +(& &be&%(+(& %omo: Sobre I-)+ge-%i( Emo%io-(+ A-&ie)()>

p(&i'i)() &i%o&om,ti%o et%8ter( &i- emb(rgo &i &e m(-iie&t(- )iere-%i(&

&ig-ii%(ti'(& e- +( (p+i%(%i7- ( (e&tro& e- re+(%i7- ( hiper(%ti'i)() y

Tr(&tor-o )e Co-)%t(. Lo& re&+t()o& &e re&%(t(- e- +( &eg-)( (p+i%(%i7-

)e +( e&%(+( y )e&p8& )e +( i-ter'e-%i7- )e+ progr(m( (p+i%()o.

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Deri'()o )e +o (-terior &e i)e-tii%(- +(& h(bi+i)()e& )e&(rro++()(& e- %()( -o

)e +o& (+m-o& e'(+()o& y i-(+me-te &e )etermi-( y &e %o-irm( e ?

pre&e-t(- -( (ptit) &obre&(+ie-te e- e+ ,re( %re(ti'( &o%io(e%ti'( y (rt&ti%(.

De-tro )e +(& %o-%+&io-e& &e h(%e me-%io- e )e&p8& )e )i%ho

progr(m( +o& (+m-o& me&tr(- -( (toe&tim( m,& &7+i)( &e re)%e & -i'e+

)e hiper(%ti'i)() tr(&tor-o )e %o-)%t( y por %o-&e%e-%i( & -i'e+ )e

(pro'e%h(mie-to &e 'io ('ore%i)o &i +o& (+m-o& e pre&e-t(- Tr(&tor-o por

D8i%it )e Ate-%i7- re(+i3(- e- e+ (+( (%ti'i)()e& %o- b(&e e- && h(bi+i)()e&8&to& re&+t(- e&tim+()o& y (%%e)e- %o- m(yor (%i+i)() ( +o& (pre-)i3(6e&

()em,& )e e pe)e- ep+ot(r && ,re(& erte& y )e&(rro++(r h(bi+i)()e& p(r(

epo-er to)o e+ pote-%i(+ e )e otr( m(-er( &e +imit(r(.

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P09&( -0


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C A P Í T U L O I

I N T R O D U C C I Ó N

E& import(-te e +o& m(e&tro& e tie-e- e- & (+( - -i=o o m,& e

pre&e-te- Tr(&tor-o por D8i%it )e Ate-%i7- HTDA %o- o &i- iper(%ti'i)()

%o-o3%(- to)o +o reere-te ( )i%ho tr(&tor-o && %(&(& )ii%+t()e&

tr(t(mie-to y &obre to)o +(& h(bi+i)()e& y )e&tre3(& e e++o& )ebe- po&eer

p(r( (y)(r+o y (te-)er & -e%e&i)() e&pe%i%(. !(ri(& i-'e&tig(%io-e& y

pr,%ti%(& %o-&t(t(- +( -e%e&i)() )e e +o& m(e&tro& &e %o-'iert(- e-

'er)()ero& proe&io-(+e& e- +( (te-%i7- )e+ tr(&tor-o e- re+(%i7- )e-tro )e &

(%t(r e- e+ (+( %omo - (%tor i-)i&pe-&(b+e p(r( e+ )e&(rro++o )e+ -i=o.

E+ tr(&tor-o por )8i%it )e (te-%i7- e hiper(%ti'i)() HTDA &e %(r(%teri3( por -

p(tr7- per&i&te-te )e (+t( )e (te-%i7- o hiper(%ti'i)() e imp+&i'i)() o (mbo&

%y( re%e-%i( y gr('e)() e& m(yor )e +o tpi%(me-te ob&er'()o e- i-)i'i)o&

%o- - -i'e+ %omp(r(b+e )e )e&(rro++o HAmeri%(- &y%hi(tri% A&&o%i(tio- 14.

E+ TDA e& - tr(&tor-o heterog8-eo e& )e%ir +(& per&o-(& pre&e-t(- peri+e&

)iere-te& )e &-tom(& prim(rio& He6. e- e+ -i'e+ )e (%ti'i)() )e tr(&tor-o&

(&o%i()o& )e tr(&o-)o& (mi+i(re& )e %r&o&e'o+ti'o& y )e re&pe&t(& (+

tr(t(mie-to. D()( e&t( )i'er&i)() e+ TDA h( &i)o tipii%()o e- &bgrpo& %o-

%(r(%ter&ti%(& %+-i%(& m,& homog8-e(&.

L(& e&tr(tegi(& )e i-ter'e-%i7- %o- (+m-o& e pre&e-t(- TDA

reper%tir,- e- +( me6or( )e %o-)%t(& y( e ( tr('8& )e +( i-ter(%%i7-

&o%i(+ &e ('ore%e e+ bie-e&t(r emo%io-(+ )e+ -i=o e pre&e-t( )i%ho

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tr(&tor-o. L( p(rti%ip(%i7- )e p()re& )e (mi+i( y e)%()ore& e- e+ tr(b(6o

%o- e&te tipo )e -i=o& e& my -e%e&(ri( )ebi)o ( e e+ p()e%imie-to (e%t(

-eg(ti'(me-te +( (toe&tim( )e ie- +o p()e%e y por +( imp+&i'i)() e+ -i=o

pe)e ++eg(r ( te-er )ii%+t()e& p(r( e&t(b+e%er re+(%io-e& i-terper&o-(+e&

y( e tie-)e ( &e-tir&e re%h(3()o.

i+i%h y %o+(bor()ore& H2001 h(- p+(-te()o e e+ TDA y e+ TDA pe)e-

%o-&i)er(r&e %omo tr(&tor-o& )i&ti-to& o re+(ti'(me-te i-)epe-)ie-te& e- +(

me)i)( e- e )iiere- e- %(r(%ter&ti%(& e&e-%i(+e& %(r(%ter&ti%(& (&o%i()(& o

%omorbi+i)() )emogr(( y epi)emio+og( %(r(%ter&ti%(& -ero%og-iti'(&

Hi-te+ige-%i( (pre-)i3(6e y -erop&i%o+og( hi&tori(+ )e p&i%op(to+og( (mi+i(r

re&pe&t( ( tr(t(mie-to y %r&o -(tr(+ y pro-7&ti%o. E+ TDA y e+ TDA pe)e-

)ierir e- && %(r(%ter&ti%(& e&e-%i(+e&.

U- grpo )e -i=o& %o- e+ TDA p(re%e %(r(%teri3(r&e por +( pre&e-%i( )e -

tempo %og-iti'o +e-to. Lo& )o& tr(&tor-o& )iiere- e- +(& %(r(%ter&ti%(&(&o%i()(& o %omorbi+i)(). E+ TDA -o pre&e-t( - p(tr7- )e %omorbi+i)()

)i(g-7&ti%( %o- tr(&tor-o&pertrb()ore& -i %o- e+ tr(&tor-o bipo+(r mie-tr(& e

e+ TDA &. Lo& )o& tr(&tor-o& t(mbi8- )iiere- e- & p(tr7- )e i-ter(%%io-e&

&o%i(+e&. Lo& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA tie-)e- ( &er )omi-(-te& y %o-tro+()ore& e-

&& i-ter(%%io-e& mie-tr(& e +o& e tie-e- e+ TDA tie-)e- ( &er m,& p(&i'o&

y retr()o&. L( pre'(+e-%i( )e+ TDA e& m,& (+t( y +( e)() )e i-i%io m,&

tempr(-( e +( )e+ TDA. E&to& h(++(3go& (poy(- +( )i&ti-%i7- )e +o& )o&

tr(&tor-o&. Lo& )o& tr(&tor-o& -o p(re%e- )ierir e- %(r(%ter&ti%(& )emogr,i%(&

y -ero%og-iti'(&.

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"o h(y &i%ie-te i-'e&tig(%i7- e- %(-to (+ hi&tori(+ )e p&i%op(to+og( (mi+i(r

re&pe&t( ( tr(t(mie-to y pro-7&ti%o. "o ob&t(-te +( e'i)e-%i( e&%(&(

)i&po-ib+e (poy(r( +( hip7te&i& pre+imi-(r )e e (mbo& tr(&tor-o& )iiere- e-

& re&pe&t( ( tr(t(mie-to y pro-7&ti%o Hi+i%h eta 2001)l .

"." M&-/ '4&)-/

U-( per&o-( &(+)(b+e e& )ei-i)( %omo (e++( e go3( )e -

e&t()o )e %omp+eto bie-e&t(r &i%o me-t(+ y &o%i(+ )o-)e to)o e+ org(-i&mo

tr(b(6( )e m(-er( ei%ie-te e- re+(%i7- ( +(& -%io-e& org,-i%(& y me-t(+e&.

SegJ- +( Org(-i3(%i7- -)i(+ )e +( &(+) HOS 14?. Lo %o-tr(rio ( e&to

imp+i%( -( (+ter(%i7- e&tr%tr(+ e (e%t( -eg(ti'(me-te )i%ho e&t()o )e

bie-e&t(r.

E- +( &(+) %omo e- +( e-erme)() &e )i%e e ei&te- )i'er&o&

gr()o& )e (e%t(%i7- por +o %(+ &e )ebe- +ogr(r e+ m,& (+to -i'e+ )e

bie-e&t(r &i%o me-t(+ &o%i(+ y )e %(p(%i)() )e -%io-(mie-to e

permite- +o& (%tore& &o%i(+e& e- +o& e 'i'e- i-mer&o& +o& i-)i'i)o&.

De-tro )e+ %o-teto )e +( promo%i7- )e +( &(+) +( &(+) h( &i)o %o-&i)er()( -o

%omo - e&t()o (b&tr(%to &i-o %omo - me)io p(r( ++eg(r ( - i- %omo -

re%r&o e permite ( +(& per&o-(& ++e'(r -( 'i)( i-)i'i)(+ &o%i(+ y

e%o-7mi%(me-te pro)%ti'(. L( &(+) e& - re%r&o p(r( +( 'i)( )i(ri( -o e+

ob6eti'o )e +( 'i)(. Se tr(t( )e - %o-%epto po&iti'o e (%e-tJ( +o& re%r&o&

&o%i(+e& y per&o-(+e& (& %omo +(& (ptit)e& &i%(&.

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"."." H)(/&) *' 0( NEE '+ M7=)-/

Dr(-te m%ho& (=o& +o& e-oe& e- re+(%i7- ( +( (te-%i7- )e (+m-o&

e pre&e-t(- -( -e%e&i)() e)%(ti'( e&pe%i(+ (&o%i()( ( )i&%(p(%i)() yKo(ptit) &obre&(+ie-te h(- %(mbi()o e&to reper%te e- +( (te-%i7- e &e bri-)(

e- e&e mome-to ( %()( -o )e e++o&.

De&)e pri-%ipio& )e+ &ig+o h(&t( +( )8%()( )e +o& (=o& &e&e-t(

)omi-7 -( %o-%ep%i7- org(-i%i&t( y p&i%om8tri%( )e +(& )i&%(p(%i)()e&

&&te-t()( e- e+ mo)e+o m8)i%o e %o-&i)er(b( e to)(& +(&)i&%(p(%i)()e& te-(- orige- e- -( )i&-%i7- org,-i%( pro)%i)( (+

%omie-3o )e+ )e&(rro++o por +o e er( )i%i+me-te mo)ii%(b+e.

E&t( %o-%ep%i7- )e e &o+(me-te er( org,-i%o eig( -(

i)e-tii%(%i7- m,& pre%i&( )e +o& tr(&tor-o& por +o e &e )e&(rro++(ro-

preb(& e i-&trme-to& )e e'(+(%i7- y -( (te-%i7- e&pe%i(+i3()( e

imp+i%(b( - tr(t(mie-to )i&ti-to y &ep(r()o p(r( %()( p(%ie-te y -(

e)%(%i7- t(mbi8- )i&ti-t( y &ep(r()( )e +( e&%e+( %omJ- H(r%he&i y

(rt- 10.

E- e+ terre-o e)%(ti'o e&t( %o-%ep%i7- &e tr()6o e- e+

re%o-o%imie-to )e e +o& &6eto& %o- )i&%(p(%i)() er(- e)%(b+e& y e +(

re&pe&t( e)%(ti'( (propi()( er( +( (pertr( )e e&%e+(& e&pe%i(+e& %o-

-( org(-i3(%i7- &imi+(r ( +( )e +(& e&%e+(& reg+(re& HG(r%( 1*

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Se h( 'i&to e )e&)e e+ &ig+o !III ei&t(- e&%e+(& e&pe%i(+e& p(r(

(+m-o& %o- )ei%ie-%i(& ()iti'(& y 'i&(+e& y &e h(b(- obte-i)o ('(-%e&.

E- e+ %(&o )e +o& -i=o& %o- )i&%(p(%i)() i-te+e%t(+ -o &e h(b( te-i)o e+

mi&mo 8ito pe& &e )e&%o-o%( +( ro-ter( e-tre e+ retr(&o y +( e-erme)()

me-t(+. L(& preb(& p&i%om8tri%(& permitiero- +( %+(&ii%(%i7- )e +(

i-te+ige-%i( y %o- e++o +( po&ibi+i)() )e ore%er -( re&pe&t( e)%(ti'(

)iere-%i()( por e+ gr()o )e )ei%ie-%i(. De he%ho +(& e&%e+(& e&pe%i(+e&

(+berg(ro- )o& tipo& )e (+m-o&: +o& e te-(- )i&%(p(%i)() &e-&ori(+ o&i%( e'i)e-te H%iego& &or)o& y %o- prob+em(& )e )e&p+(3(mie-to y +o&

e -o te-(- e&te tipo )e prob+em(& pero m(-ie&t(b(- - ritmo )e

(pre-)i3(6e m%ho m,& +e-to e e+ )e && %omp(=ero&. E&to& J+timo& &e

%o-&i)er(ro- Mer( )e +( -orm(+i)()N e- - me)io e&%o+(r e&t,-)(r pe-&()o

p(r( -( pob+(%i7- homog8-e( o M-orm(+N HTo+e)o 1F1.

E+ %o-%epto )e M-orm(+i)()N e- e+ (pre-)i3(6e e&t(b( re+(%io-()o %o-

+( %(p(%i)() i-te+e%t(+ e &7+o po)( me)ir&e %o- i-&trme-to& p(r(

e'(+(r +( i-te+ige-%i(. U-o )e +o& promotore& )e e&te e-oe ( pri-%ipio& )e

&ig+o e e+ r(-%8& A+re)


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y my heterog8-eo& e- %(-to ( && ritmo& )e (pre-)i3(6e HTo+e)o 1F1.

L( &o+%i7- e ore%i7


18/70

e (+g-o& -i=o& -o e&t(b(- %(p(%it()o& p(r( (&i&tir ( +( e&%e+( reg+(r y

por t(-to & op%i7- er( +( e&%e+( e&pe%i(+. De e&t( m(-er( re&+t(

ep+i%(b+e e e-tre +( rimer( Gerr( -)i(+ y +o& (=o& &e&e-t( &e h(y(

i-&tit%io-(+i3()o y ete-)i)o t(-to +( oert( %omo +( )em(-)( )e e)%(%i7-

e&pe%i(+ &obre to)o p(r( -i=o& %o- )i&%(p(%i)() i-te+e%t(+. Se h(b(

(%ept()o y( +( %o-%ep%i7- )e M(-orm(+i)() i-te+e%t(+N He- e+ &e-ti)o )e


19/70

e) P +(-te(- e +( &o+( pre&e-%i( )e +o& (+m-o& %o- (+g-( )i&%(p(%i)()

e- +( %+(&e pro)%e - ee%to -o%i'o p(r( e+ re&to )e +o& (+m-o&.f) E&tim(- e +o& (+m-o& %o- -e%e&i)()e& e&pe%i(+e& )ebe- e)%(r&e

(p(rte.

(J- y %(-)o po%o ( po%o &e h( i)o )(-)o e-,&i& e- +( import(-%i(

)e +( (te-%i7- )e +( otr( pob+(%i7- e- e&pe%i%o (e++( e pre&e-t(

(ptit)e& &obre&(+ie-te& (J- h(y m(e&tro& e &e -ieg(- ( & (te-%i7- por

%o-&i)er(r e -o reiere- (poyo e&pe%i%o p(r( &obre&(+ir.

A p(rtir )e +( )8%()( )e +o& &e&e-t( &rge -( m(-er( )iere-te )e

%o-%ebir +( )i&%(p(%i)() e &e pe)e )e-omi-(r M%orrie-te -orm(+i3()or(N.

E&te -e'o e-oe )eie-)e e+ )ere%ho )e +(& per&o-(& %o- )i&%(p(%i)() (

++e'(r -( 'i)( t(- %omJ- %omo e+ re&to )e +( pob+(%i7- e- +o& ,mbito& (mi+i(r

e&%o+(r +(bor(+ y &o%i(+. L( e&tr(tegi( p(r( e+ )e&(rro++o )e e&t( i+o&o( &e

)e-omi-( i-tegr(%i7- %o-%ret,-)o&e eperie-%i(& )e i-tegr(%i7- e)%(ti'( e-

)i'er&o& p(&e&. E- e+ %(&o )e 8i%o po)emo& e-%o-tr(r (-te%e)e-te& )e

e&t( pr,%ti%( i-tegr()or( )e&)e me)i()o& )e +( )8%()( )e +o& &ete-t( y &e h(-

+ogr()o ('(-%e& -ot(b+e& %omo 'eremo& ( %o-ti-(%i7-:

A me)i()o& )e +o& &ete-t( &e imp+eme-t(ro- e- +(& e&%e+(& reg+(re& +o&

Grpo& I-tegr()o& )e primer gr()o %o- +( i-(+i)() )e (poy(r ( +o& -i=o& %o-

prob+em(& )e (pre-)i3(6e e- +( ()i&i%i7- )e +( +e-g( e&%rit( y +(&

m(tem,ti%(&.

11


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A pri-%ipio& )e +o& o%he-t( +( Dire%%i7- Ge-er(+ )e E)%(%i7-

E&pe%i(+ HDGEE i-%+y7 e-tre +o& pri-%ipio& re%tore& )e & po+ti%( +(

-orm(+i3(%i7- +( i-)i'i)(+i3(%i7- )e +( e-&e=(-3( y +( i-tegr(%i7-.

De&)e +( )8%()( )e +o& o%he-t( y (- (-te& ei&te- eperie-%i(& )e i-tegr(%i7-

)e (+m-o& %o- )i&%(p(%i)() &e-&ori(+ H%eger( y &or)er( re(+i3()(& por

(+g-(& e&%e+(& e&pe%i(+e& )e +( Ci)() )e 8i%o HA%o&t( etal, 14.

A pri-%ipio& )e +o& -o'e-t( +( DGEE e+(bor7 - proye%to )e

i-tegr(%i7- e)%(ti'( e- e+ e &e %o-temp+(ro- %(tro mo)(+i)()e& )e(te-%i7- p(r( -i=o& %o- -e%e&i)()e& e)%(ti'(& e&pe%i(+e&:

a) Ate-%i7- e- e+ (+( reg+(r.

b) Ate-%i7- e- grpo& e&pe%i(+e& )e-tro )e +( e&%e+( reg+(r.

c) Ate-%i7- e- %e-tro& )e e)%(%i7- e&pe%i(+.

d) Ate-%i7- e- &it(%io-e& )e i-ter-(mie-to.

E- 11 &e promo'iero- e- e+ ,mbito -(%io-(+ +o& Ce-tro& )e

Orie-t(%i7- p(r( +( I-tegr(%i7- E)%(ti'( HCo+E %o- +o& prop7&ito& )e

i-orm(r y &e-&ibi+i3(r &obre (&pe%to& re+(%io-()o& %o- +( i-tegr(%i7-

e)%(ti'( ge-er(r (+ter-(ti'(& p(r( i-tegr(r )e m(-er( 7ptim( ( +o& (+m-o&

%o- Mreerimie-to& )e e)%(%i7- e&pe%i(+N y )(r &egimie-to (+ (poyo

re%ibi)o. Oi%i(+me-te e- e+ Di&trito 9e)er(+ e&to& %e-tro& )e6(ro- )e

-%io-(r )e&)e 12 aunque continuaron & labor e- '(rio& e&t()o& )e+

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p(&. Como p(rte )e +( Reorm( I-tegr(+ ( +( E)%(%i7-


22/70

-i'e+e& y mo)(+i)()e& e)%(ti'(&. E&to& &er'i%io& prome'e- e- 'i-%+(%i7-

%o- +( e&%e+( e (poy(- +( e+imi-(%i7- )e +(& b(rrer(& e ob&t(%+i3(- +(

p(rti%ip(%i7- y e+ (pre-)i3(6e )e +o& (+m-o& ( p(rtir )e - tr(b(6o )e ge&ti7- y

)e org(-i3(%i7- +eib+e )e - tr(b(6o %o-6-to y )e orie-t(%i7- ( +o& m(e&tro&

+( (mi+i( y +( %om-i)() e)%(ti'( e- ge-er(+ Hprogr(m( SE 2002

E- e+ e&t()o )e Chih(h( (%t(+me-te ei&te- 5* &er'i%io& )e

E)%(%i7- E&pe%i(+ )e+ &b&i&tem( e&t(t(+ e (tie-)e- -i=o& %o-

"e%e&i)()e& E)%(ti'(& E&pe%i(+e& (&o%i()(& ( )i&%(p(%i)() yKo (ptit)

&obre&(+ie-te ()em,& )e e&t(r i-tegr()(& 2 e&%e+(& p(rti%+(re& %omo &o-

e+ I-&titto ;o&8 D('i) y e+ Ce-tro )e Ter(pi( )e Le-g(6e Co-)%t( y

Apre-)i3(6e.

De+ tot(+ )e +o& 5* &er'i%io& +( m(yor( +o %ompo-e- +(& USAER %o- -

tot(+ )e 42 -i)()e& )e (poyo y 12 CA. L(& regio-e& e &e (tie-)e- &o-

(rr(+ De+i%i(& C(ht8mo% C(&(& Gr(-)e& 9+ore& (g7- A+)(m( y Ci)()

;,re3.

De (%er)o ( +( e&t()&ti%( 201* )e+ &b&i&tem( e&t(t(+ &e tie-e

i)e-tii%()o - tot(+ )e 44? (+m-o& e- e&%e+(& )e e)%(%i7- b,&i%( e

pre&e-t(- TDA. E- e+ e&t()o )e Chih(h(.

".". T&(/&+/

L( p(+(br( tr(&tor-o &e remite ( +( %o-)i%i7- (-orm(+ o -o -(tr(+ )e

- i-)i'i)o )e (%er)o ( +o& p(r,metro& e&t(b+e%i)o& por +( -(tr(+e3( y +(

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%ie-%i( m8)i%(. Lo& tr(&tor-o& &e pre&e-t(- e- e+ &er hm(-o )e )i'er&(&

m(-er(& y (-e (%t(+me-te e+ t8rmi-o e&t, -tim(me-te 'i-%+()o %o-

(+ter(%io-e& )e+ e&t()o me-t(+ t(mbi8- pe)e reerir&e ( %o-)i%io-e& -o

-(tr(+e& )e+ e&t()o &i%o e& )e%ir ( +( pre&e-%i( )e e-erme)()e& )e

)iere-te tipo.

E+ (-(+ Di(g-7&ti%o y E&t()&ti%o )e +o& Tr(&tor-o& e-t(+e&

H2002 )ei-e e+ tr(&tor-o %omo - p(tr7- )e %omport(mie-to p&i%o+7gi%o )e

&ig-ii%(%i7- %+-i%( e %(+ier( e &e( & %(&( e& -( m(-ie&t(%i7-

i-)i'i)(+ )e -( )i&-%i7- p&i%o+7gi%( o bio+7gi%(.

E&te m(-(+ h(%e reere-%i( ( e ei&te- preb(& )e e +o&

&-tom(& y e+ pro%e&o )e+ tr(&tor-o e&t,- i-+i)o& por (%tore& 8t-i%o& y

%+tr(+e&. e-%io-( ()em,& e e& import(-te -o o+'i)(r e e+

)i(g-7&ti%o e& &7+o e+ primer p(&o p(r( - ()e%()o p+(- ter(p8ti%o e+ %(+

-e%e&it( -( %(-ti)() )e i-orm(%i7- e&pe%i%( &obre e+ %(&o e- p(rti%+(r.

SegJ- +( G( )e %o-&+t( )e +o& %riterio& )i(g-7&ti%o& )e+ DS>5

ei&te -( %+(&ii%(%i7- y &b%+(&ii%(%i7- b(&t(-te (mp+i( (+ re&pe%to )e +o&

tr(&tor-o& e-tre +o& %,+e& &e )e&t(%(- +o& &igie-te& )ebi)o ( +( re+(%i7-

e g(r)(- %o- e+ tem( ( i-'e&tig(r:

• Tr(&tor-o )e (-&ie)() por &ep(r(%i7-: )ei-i)o %omo (-&ie)() e%e&i'( p(r( +(

e)() re-te ( +( &ep(r(%i7- )e+ hog(r o )e &ere& eri)o&.

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• ti&mo &e+e%ti'o: %(-)o e+ -i=o o ()o+e&%e-te -o h(b+( e- &it(%io-e&

e&pe%i%(& %omo &o%i(+e& pero e- otr(& -o tie-e prob+em(& )e +e-g(6e.

• Tr(&tor-o re(%ti'o )e +( 'i-%+(%i7- )e +( i-(-%i( o +( -i=e3: )()o por -(

re+(%i7- &o%i(+ m(-iie&t(me-te (+ter()( ge-er(+me-te %(&()( por %ri(-3(

p(t7ge-(.

• Tr(&tor-o )e mo'imie-to& e&tereotip()o&: tr(&tor-o por mo'imie-to repetiti'o

(p(re-teme-te imp+&i'o e&tereotip()o y -o -%io-(+ e %(&( m(+e&t(r e- e+

&6eto.

Tr(&tor-o )e +( i-(-%i( +( -i=e3 o +( ()o+e&%e-%i( -o e&pe%ii%()o.

To)o +o (-terior me-%io-()o e- E+ (-(+ Di(g-7&ti%o y E&t()&ti%o )e +o&

Tr(&tor-o& e-t(+e& H2002.

".". T&(/&+/ 1/& D7>)-) *' A'+-)4+ ' H)1'&-)


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e+ TDA e& -( %e&ti7- )e (mi+i(: e+ ?? por %ie-to )e +o& -i=o& e

p()e%e- TDA tie-e- - (mi+i(r e t(mbi8- p()e%e +( e-erme)().

E- +( (%t(+i)() +o& %ie-ti%o& b&%(- 8 ge-e& o %ombi-(%i7- )ege-e& i-+ye- &obre +( m(-er( e- e e+ TDA (e%t( e+ %omport(mie-to

)e ie-e& p()e%e- +( e-erme)(). E+ -(%imie-to prem(tro m(r o

eperime-t(r e&tr8& etremo )r(-te e+ emb(r(3o e&t(r epe&to (

&&t(-%i(& (+%oh7+i%(& e- e+ Jtero y +(& +e&io-e& %erebr(+e& tr(m,ti%(&

t(mbi8- pe)e- %o-tribir (+ )e&(rro++o )e+ TDA HA&o%i(%i7- Ameri%(-( )e

&ii(tr( 1F@

E+ Tr(&tor-o por )8i%it )e (te-%i7- e& e+ tr(&tor-o )e %omport(mie-to

e m,& &e )i(g-o&ti%( e- +( i-(-%i( y &e %(+%+( e (e%t( )e - *W ( -

5W )e +o& -i=o& e- e)() e&%o+(r e& )e%ir e (+re)e)or )e 1.5 mi++o-e& )e

-i=o& e- 8i%o &re- e&te p()e%imie-to e &e %(r(%teri3( pri-%ip(+me-te

por +( (+t( )e (te-%i7- y e& re%o-o%i)o por +( Org(-i3(%i7- -)i(+ )e +(

S(+) HOS 12.

N?@'&/ *' (2+/@( 1& '0 *);+4()-/ *'0 TDA

E- +( -o&o+og( )e +( %(rt( e)i%i7- )e+ (-(+ Di(g-7&ti%o y E&t()&ti%o )e +o&

Tr(&tor-o& e-t(+e& HDS>I! por && &ig+(& e- i-g+8& AA 14 +o& %riterio&

p(r( e+)i(g-7&ti%o )e+ TDA reiere- +( pre&e-%i( )e ? o m,& &-tom(& )e (+t(

)e (te-%i7- y 52 o me-o& )e hiper(%ti'i)()>imp+&i'i)(). E- %o-tr(&te p(r( e+

1@


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TDA &e reiere +( pre&e-%i( )e ? o m,& &-tom(& t(-to )e prob+em(& )e

(te-%i7- %omo )e hiper(%ti'i)()imp+&i'i)().

U- p-to )e %orte t(- po%o )i&%rimi-(torio &obre to)o %(-)o +( pre&e-%i( )e

&-tom(& )e -( otr( %+(&e )epe-)e )e +( i-terpret(%i7- %+-i%( (++( e-

)i&ti-gir %+(r(me-te e&to& )o& tipo& )e+ tr(&tor-o. A)em,& %o-tribye ( e e+

TDA i-%+y( - grpo heterog8-eo )e -i=o& e& )e%ir -o& e p)ier(- te-er

prob+em(& )e (te-%i7- y &er po%o (%ti'o& y po%o imp+&i'o& y otro& %o-

prob+em(& (te-%io-(+e& pero %(&i t(- (%ti'o& e imp+&i'o& %omo +o& -i=o& e

perte-e%e- (+ TDA. Co- +o& %riterio& (%t(+e& e& pe& (%tib+e e (+g-o&-i=o& )i(g-o&ti%()o& %o- e+ TDA Hp. e6. (8++o& %o- 4 7 5 &-tom(& )e

hiper(%ti'i)()>imp+&i'i)() &e(- %(&o& &b%+-i%o& )e+ TDA. E&

-e%e&(rio te-er e- %e-t( e&t( po&ibi+i)() (+ i-terpret(r +o& re&+t()o& (

me-)o i-%o-&i&te-te& e- +( +iter(tr( %ie-ti%( y (+ mome-to )e h(%er -

)i(g-7&ti%o %+-i%o Hi+i%h etal 2001.

Di(mo-) e- 2005 ep+i%o +(& imp+i%(%io-e& ()e%()(& p(r( +( e'(+(%i7- )e

-i=o& %o- TDA y TDA

Implicaciones para la evaluación

Evaluación "#dica.

E+ -i=o )ebe re%ibir -( e'(+(%i7- m8)i%( %i)()o&( e permit( )e&%(rt(r

otr(& %o-)i%io-e& re&po-&(b+e& )e +o& &-tom(& )e (+t( )e (te-%i7- o

hiper(%ti'i)()>imp+&i'i)() o i)e-tii%(r (8++(& e (gr('e- +o& mi&mo&. or

e6emp+o e+ tr(&tor-o )e %o-'+&i7- )e tipo (&e-%i( pe)e pre&e-t(r - %()ro

)e )ii%+t()e& (te-%io-(+e& p(re%i)o (+ )e+ TDA.

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Evaluación psicoló$ica

Co-&i)er(mo& e e& e&e-%i(+ -( e'(+(%i7- p&i%oe)%(ti'( e e(mi-e e+

-i'e+ )e -%io-(mie-to i-te+e%t(+ )e+ -i=o y && )e&tre3(& )e +e%toe&%ritr( y

m(tem,ti%(& y e ep+ore ()em,& +( pre&e-%i( )e )ii%+t()e& emo%io-(+e&

motri%e& y e- e+ +e-g(6e. E&te tipo )e e'(+(%i7- e& my import(-te )()o e+

-i'e+ (+to )e %omorbi+i)() )e e&t(& )ii%+t()e& %o- e+ TDA y e+ TDA y +(

-e%e&i)() )e i-%+ir e- e+ pro%e&o )e tr(t(mie-to (+ p&i%7+ogo (+ m8)i%o

H-er7+ogo pe)i(tr( e&pe%i(+i3()o e- e+ -ero)e&(rro++o p&ii(tr( (+ +ogope)(

y (+ ter(pet( o%p(%io-(+ &egJ- &e( -e%e&(rio. E& re%ome-)(b+e e'(+(r t(mbi8- +(& )e&tre3(& &o%i(+e& )e+ -i=o.

(r( +ogr(r -( e'(+(%i7- (b(r%()or( %omo +( e ( &e re%omie-)( e&

impre&%i-)ib+e obte-er i-orm(%i7- (%er%( )e +(& h(bi+i)()e& e+ %omport(mie-to

y +(& )ii%+t()e& e pre&e-t( e+ -i=o e- +( e&%e+(. E&to &e (%i+it( %(-)o e+

m(e&tro %o-te&t( %e&tio-(rio& o e&%(+(& )i&e=()(& p(r( e'(+(r +( %o-)%t(

)e+ -i=o e- e+ (+(. 9i-(+me-te e& -e%e&(rio i)e-tii%(r +o& t(+e-to& y re%r&o&

e pre&e-t( e+ -i=o %o- mir(& ( re&(+t(r y )e&(rro++(r 8&to& %omo p(rte )e+

progr(m( )e tr(t(mie-to.

Evaluación del a"biente % los recursos de la escuela.

Co- re%e-%i( +o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA y e+ TDA +ogr(- - -%io-(mie-to

()(pt()o e- (e++(& e&%e+(& e:

H1 tie-e- - eipo )e proe&io-(+e& prep(r()o& p(r( (y)(r ( e&t)i(-te& %o-

e&ti+o& )e (pre-)i3(6e o )e %omport(mie-to )iere-te&.

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H2 ti+i3(- m8to)o& )e e-&e=(-3( )i-,mi%o&

H* tie-e- -( )ire%%i7- e&%o+(r )i&pe&t( ( re&p(+)(r +o& (6&te& otr(&

e&tr(tegi(& )e (y)( e imp+(-t(- +o& m(e&tro&

H4 tie-e- -( i+o&o( )e ('ore%er +( %om-i%(%i7- y e+ i-ter%(mbio )e i)e(&

e-tre +o& m(e&tro& +o& p()re& y +o& proe&io-(+e& ( %(rgo )e+ tr(t(mie-to.

Evaluación de la fa"ilia.

L( )i-,mi%( y e+ %+im( (mi+i(r )ebe- &er t(mbi8- e'(+()o&.

A+g-o& (&pe%to& ( i-%+ir &o- e+ e&tr8& (mi+i(r +( )i&%or)i( m(rit(+ &e'er( +(&

pr,%ti%(& )e %ri(-3( emp+e()(& y +( pre&e-%i( )e tr(&tor-o& p&ii,tri%o& e- +o&p()re& &obre to)o e+ TDA e+ TDA +o& tr(&tor-o& )e+ e&t()o )e ,-imo y +(

%o-)%t( (-ti&o%i(+. E&t( i-orm(%i7- e& e&e-%i(+ p(r( )e%i)ir: H1 e+ p+(- )e

tr(t(mie-to )e+ -i=o e p)ier( i-%+ir p&i%oter(pi( p(r( +o& p()re& +( p(re6( o

+( (mi+i( y H2 &i +o& p()re& tie-e- +o& re%r&o& p&i%o+7gi%o& p(r( be-ei%i(r&e )e

- progr(m( )e e-tre-(mie-to %o-)%t(+ )irigi)o ( e++o& o p(r( imp+(-t(r

re%ome-)(%io-e& )e m(-e6o )e %o-)%t( )e+ -i=o e- e+ hog(r.

Evaluación del i"pacto del conte&to social en la vida fa"iliar.

%h(& (mi+i(& p)ier(- (toimpo-er&e '(+ore& %+tr(+e& )em(&i()o

eige-te& e- +o& (&pe%to& (%()8mi%o& e-tre otro& +o %(+ p)ier( %o-'ertir&e

e- -( pre&i7- p&i%o+7gi%( p(r( e+ -i=o. E& +7gi%o pe-&(r e e&te tipo )e

&it(%i7- ++e'(r( ( +( (mi+i( ( eperime-t(r - m(yor e&tr8& re+(%io-()o ( +(&

)ii%+t()e& )e+ -i=o e e+ e eperime-t(r(- &i -o t'ie&e- e&e -i'e+ )e

eige-%i(. E& -e%e&(rio e'(+(r e+ imp(%to )e e&te tipo )e epe%t(ti'( &obre +(

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(mi+i( %o- e+ prop7&ito )e (y)(r )r(-te e+ tr(t(mie-to ( e &e tor-e- m,&

re(+i&t(&.

Implicaciones para el diagnóstico

L(& )iere-%i(& p+(-te()(& e-tre e+ TDA y e+ TDA tie-e- imp+i%(%io-e&

import(-te& p(r( e+ )i(g-7&ti%o )e e&to& tr(&tor-o&. E&t(& imp+i%(%io-e& &e

re&me- ( %o-ti-(%i7-.

1. E+ TDA )ebe )i(g-o&ti%(r&e i-tegr(-)o &-tom(& )e i-(te-%i7- %o- +o& )e

TCL. E&to& J+timo& H%o-&o %omo e- +(& -be& &o=o+ie-to +et,rgi%o &e pier)ee- && propio& pe-&(mie-to& o &e=( )e&pierto po%o (%ti'o +e-to p(r( &&

%o&(& o (+to )e e-erg( pe)e- (y)(r ( )i&ti-gir me6or ( +o& -i=o& %o- e+

TDA )e (e++o& %o- e+ TDA.

2. L( )iere-%i(%i7- )e+ TDA y e+ TDA &e +ogr( +imit(-)o +o& &-tom(& )e

hiper(%ti'i)()>imp+&i'i)() ( -o m,& )e tre&. C(-)o 4 7 5 &-tom(& )e e&te

tipo e&t,- pre&e-te& e- -i7- ( ? o m,& &-tom(& )e i-(te-%i7- &e po)r( tr(t(r

)e - %(&o &b%+-i%o )e+ TDA e& )e%ir - p&e)o TDA.

*. E+ %riterio )e e)() )e i-i%io )e+ tr(&tor-o (-te& )e +o& @ (=o& -o )ebe &er

(p+i%()o e&tri%t(me-te (+ TDA y( e +o& prob+em(& %o- +( (te-%i7- tie-)e- (

&er m,& )i&-%io-(+e& ( me)i)( e +(& )em(-)(& %og-iti'(& e- +( e&%e+(

prim(ri( y &e%-)(ri( (me-t(-.

4. E- %omp(r(%i7- %o- +o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA +o& e pre&e-t(- e+ TDA tie-)e-

( &er hipo(%ti'o& y ( -o pre&e-t(r )i(g-7&ti%o& )e tr(&tor-o -eg(ti'i&t(

21


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)e&(i(-te )i&o%i(+ o prob+em(& )e %omport(mie-to (gre&i'o. "o ob&t(-te er(

)e+ (+( +o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA -o -e%e&(ri(me-te &o- hipo(%ti'o&.

E+ p(tr7- )e &om-o+e-%i( +et(rgo y reg+(%i7- i-&i%ie-te )e +( h(bi+i)() p(r(

e&t(r (+ert( &e ob&er'( me6or %(-)o e+ -i=o tie-e e i-'o+%r(r&e e-

(%ti'i)()e& p(&i'(& %mp+ir %o- +o& eh(%ere& )e+ hog(r o ++e'(r ( %(bo t(re(&

%og-iti'(& %omp+e6(&. A)em,& e&to& -i=o& pre&e-t(- %o-)%t(& e &o-

per%ibi)(& por +o& e)%()ore& y +o& p()re& %omo -eg(ti'i&t(& o )e&(i(-te&.

E&t( per%ep%i7- e&t, (&o%i()( prob(b+eme-te ( & e&ti+o (te-%io-(+ +e-tit) yp(&i'i)() (+ mome-to )e reerir+e e h(g( t(re(& e&%o+(re& eh(%ere& e- e+

hog(r (&e(r&e 'e&tir&e et%. H


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e+ )e&(rro++o Hp. e6. (ti&mo i-(-ti+ A&perger o tr(&tor-o& e- e+ pe-&(mie-to Hp.

e6. e&i3ore-i( i-(-ti+ t(+e& %omo (+e6(mie-to (e%ti'o mo'imie-to& motore&

e&tereotip()o& %o-%e-tr(%i7- e%e&i'( o preo%p(%i7- (b&orbe-te e i-ter8&

(&%i-(-te e- e&tm+o& p(rti%+(re&.

@. A+ ig(+ e +o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA (e++o& %o- i-h(bi+i)()e& e&pe%i%(& e- e+

(pre-)i3(6e tpi%(me-te pre&e-t(- )ii%+t()e& (te-%io-(+e& e- e+ (+( y (+

mome-to )e e&t)i(r pero -o -e%e&(ri(me-te )r(-te otr(& (%ti'i)()e& Hp. e6.

(+ 'e&tir&e (+ %omer et%.. E&te tipo )e ob&er'(%i7- pe)e (y)(r e- e+

)i(g-7&ti%o )iere-%i(+ )e (mb(& %o-)i%io-e& e t(mbi8- pe)e- %oei&tir.F. Ig(+me-te +o& &-tom(& (&o%i()o& ( p8r)i)( ()iti'( ( tr(&tor-o& e- e+

+e-g(6e re%epti'o tr(&tor-o& )e pro%e&(mie-to ()iti'o o )e %ompre-&i7-

()iti'( pe)e- %o--)ir&e %o- +o& )e+ TDA. E& import(-te por +o t(-to

)e&%(rt(r e&t(& %o-)i%io-e& me)i(-te +(& e'(+(%io-e& %orre&po-)ie-te& %o- e+

()i7+ogo o e+ +ogope)(. E+ -i=o %o- e+ TDA %ompre-)e ()e%()(me-te -( 'e3

e&t, pre&t(-)o (te-%i7- %o&( e e+ -i=o %o- prob+em(& ()iti'o& -o

-e%e&(ri(me-te pe)e h(%er.

. L(& &bpreb(& )e +(& )iere-te& 'er&io-e& )e +( E&%(+( )e I-te+ige-%i(

e%h&+er p(r("i=o& y +(& preb(& -erop&i%o+7gi%(& i-%+ye-)o +(& )e

e6e%%i7- %o-ti-( -o )ebe- ti+i3(r&e p(r( e+ )i(g-7&ti%o )iere-%i(+ )e+ TDA y

e+ TDA. A-e e&t(& preb(& pro'ee- i-orm(%i7- import(-te %(re%e- )e

pre%i&i7- )i(g-7&ti%( p(r( e&to& i-e&. E+ por %ie-to )e (+&o& po&iti'o& y (+&o&

-eg(ti'o& e& )em(&i()o (+to %omo p(r( ti+i3(r&e e- e+ tr(b(6o )i(g-7&ti%o

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10. E& re%ome-)(b+e )(r+e - pe&o m(yor ( +( e'(+(%i7- e h(%e- +o&

m(e&tro& )e +o& -i'e+e& )e prob+em(& )e (te-%i7- e hiper(%ti'i)() )e+ -i=o e

( +( )e +o& p()re&. E&to& J+timo& -o &iempre e&t,- e- po&i%i7- )e e'(+(r e&t(&

%o-)%t(& %o- re+(%i7- ( +o e&per()o p(r( +( e)() o ( +( et(p( )e )e&(rro++o )e+

-i=o.

Implicaciones para el tratamiento: Principios generales

L(& &eme6(-3(& y )iere-%i(& pre'i(me-te re&mi)(& permite- i)e-tii%(r

%ompo-e-te& e )ebe- e&t(r pre&e-te& e- e+ tr(t(mie-to )e+ TDA y )e+ TDA.

A %o-ti-(%i7- &e re&me- (+g-o& pri-%ipio& ge-er(+e& p(r( e+ tr(t(mie-to )ee&t(& )o& %o-)i%io-e&.

1. Lo& p()re& y m(e&tro& )ebe- &er (y)()o& ( (%ept(r (+ -i=o %omo e& y -o

%omo i&ier(- e er(. C(-)o &e +ogr( e&t( (%ept(%i7- &e (%i+it( &egir

progr(m(& )e tr(t(mie-to )e orm( %o-&e%e-te e imp+(-t(r re%ome-)(%io-e&.

2. E+ progr(m( )e tr(t(mie-to )ebe &er i-)i'i)(+i3()o )e (%er)o (+ p(tr7- )e

&-tom(& tr(&tor-o& %om7rbi)o& Hp. e6. tr(&tor-o )epre&i'o tr(&tor-o& e- e+

+e-g(6e )i&+ei( et%. y ort(+e3(& )e+ -i=o i)e-tii%()o& e- +( e'(+(%i7-. L(&

)ebi+i)()e& y ort(+e3(& )e +( (mi+i( y +( e&%e+( (& %omo e+ imp(%to )e+

%o-teto &o%i(+ )ebe- t(mbi8- tom(r&e e- %o-&i)er(%i7-.

*. E+ tr(t(mie-to e- +( gr(- m(yor( )e +o& %(&o& )ebe &er m+ti)i&%ip+i-(rio e-

)o-)e i-ter'ie-e e+ m8)i%o e+ p&i%7+ogo e+ e)%()or e+ ter(pet( )e+ +e-g(6e

et%.

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4. E+ tr(t(mie-to m,& ei%(3 e& (8+ e &e imp+(-t( e- +o& e&%e-(rio&

import(-te& e- )o-)e e+ -i=o &e )e&e-'e+'e ( tr('8& )e i-ter'e-%io-e&

p&i%o&o%i(+e& me)i%(%i7- o (mb(&.

5. E+ tr(t(mie-to )ebe e&t(r )irigi)o ( ort(+e%er +( (toe&tim( )e+ -i=o (

e&tim+(r -( %om-i%(%i7- ee%ti'( e-tre 8+ && (mi+i(re& y m(e&tro& (

(%i+it(r +o& pro%e&o& )e (torreg+(%i7- ( i-%reme-t(r & (pre-)i3(6e e&%o+(r (

me6or(r +(& )e&tre3(& &o%i(+e& y e'e-t(+me-te ( (%ept(r y m(-e6(r por &

mi&mo +( %o-)i%i7-.

?. L( i-ter'e-%i7- p&i%o&o%i(+ tie-e )o& mo)(+i)()e& pri-%ip(+e&: H( e)%(%i7- (+o& miembro& )e +( (mi+i( %o- mir(& ( i-%orpor(r+o& e- e+ )i&e=o e imp+(-t(%i7-

)e+ tr(t(mie-to y Hb ter(pi( y m(-e6o )e +( %o-)%t( e- e+ hog(r y e- +(

e&%e+(.

@. De +(& i-ter'e-%io-e& p&i%o&o%i(+e& +( ter(pi( %o-)%t(+ %+-i%( h(

)emo&tr()o &er +( m,& ei%(3 p(r( e+ TDA e- i-'e&tig(%io-e& %ie-ti%(&

He+h(m 2002. E&te tipo )e tr(t(mie-to )ebe i-%+ir e)%(%i7- ( +o& p()re& y

m(e&tro& e- %(-to (+ TDA y TDA e-tre-(mie-to ( +o& p()re& o +o& m(e&tro&

o ( (mbo& e- +( imp+(-t(%i7- )e e&tr(tegi(& )e m(-e6o %o-)%t(+ y

%o-&+tor( ( +o& m(e&tro& y (+ per&o-(+ e&%o+(r. L(& i-'e&tig(%io-e& m,&

re%ie-te& )eme&tr(- e +o& ee%to& )e e&t(& i-ter'e-%io-e& &e e-rie%e- &i

&e i-%+ye +( e-&e=(-3( )e e&tr(tegi(& %og-iti'o>%o-)%t(+e& Hp. e6.

p(&o& ( &egir p(r( &o+%io-(r prob+em(& %7mo &(r %+('e& e&tr(tegi(& )e

me)i(%i7- 'erb(+ p(r( o%(+i3(r y &o&te-er +( (te-%i7- e-tre otr(& He+h(m

2002.

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F. E+ tr(t(mie-to (rm(%o+7gi%o m,& ee%ti'o &obre to)o p(r( e+ TDA e& e+ e

ti+i3( me)i%(me-to& p&i%oe&tim+(-te& )e (%t(%i7- pro+o-g()( )r(-te e+ )(

( tr('8& )e me%(-i&mo& )e &e%re%i7- &o&te-i)(. L( (tomoeti-( HStr(tter( -

-e'o me)i%(me-to -o>e&tim+(-te t(mbi8- h( )emo&tr()o &er ee%ti'( p(r( e+

tr(t(mie-to t(-to )e+ TDA %omo )e+ TDA. E&te me)i%(me-to e& - i-hibi)or

&e+e%ti'o )e re%(pt(%i7- )e -orepi-eri-(.

. Lo& ee%to& )e +( ter(pi( %o-)%t(+ %+-i%( &obre +o& &-tom(& )e+ TDA y

&obre +o& p(tro-e& )e %o-)%t(& -eg(ti'i&t(& y (gre&i'(& (&o%i()o& ( e&te

tr(&tor-o -o &o- t(- rob&to& %omo +o& ee%to& )e+ tr(t(mie-to (rm(%o+7gi%o%o- p&i%oe&tim+(-te& He+h(m 2002.

10. E& my import(-te e&tim+(r +( p(rti%ip(%i7- (%ti'( )e +o& p()re& e- grpo&

%yo& ob6eti'o& &e(- e)%(r y (poy(r.

I@10)--)/+'( 1& '0 &@)'+/ *)>'&'+-)0 *'0 TDA 8 *'0 TDAH

L( ter(pi( %o-)%t(+ %+-i%( &egJ- )ei-i)( (-teriorme-te e& -e%e&(ri( p(r( e+

tr(t(mie-to )e+ TDA y )e+ TDA. Lo& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA &o- p(&i'o& po%o (%ti'o&

e i-hibi)o& mie-tr(& e (e++o& %o- e+ TDA &o- hiper(%ti'o& )e&i-hibi)o& e

i-te-&o&.

E&t( )iere-%i(%i7- ++e'( ( e&t(b+e%er %omo ob6eti'o ter(p8ti%o e+ (%i+it(r +(

)e&i-hibi%i7- e- e+ TDA y +o& pro%e&o& )e i-hibi%i7- e- e+ TDA. E&te

p+(-te(mie-to e& import(-te p(r( +o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA y( e ( me-)o (+ -o

pre&e-t(r - %omport(mie-to pertrb()or -o re%ibe- tr(t(mie-to (+g-o o &o-

reeri)o& t(r)(me-te(+ mi&mo.

2?


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Nivel de actividad.

E- e+ hog(r +o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA )ebe- &er e&tim+()o& y reor3()o& p(r( e

&e(- m,& (%ti'o& )eme&tre- m,& i-i%i(ti'( e- && i-ter(%%io-e& &o%i(+e& y

re&po-)(- %o- m(yor pro-tit). E& -e%e&(rio (y)(r+e& ( i)e-tii%(r (%ti'i)()e&

)e re%re(%i7- p(&(tiempo& y )eporte& e &e(- )e & )i&rte y reor3(r &

p(rti%ip(%i7- e- e&t(& (%ti'i)()e&. De &er -e%e&(rio &e )ebe re&tri-gir e+ tiempo

)e 'er te+e'i&i7- o )e e&t(r i-'o+%r()o& J-i%(me-te e- 6ego& e+e%tr7-i%o& y

e&tim+(r+o& ( &(+ir )e +( %(&( y ( %omp(rtir %o- otro& -i=o& e- e+ 'e%i-)(rio. Lo&

-i=o& %o- e+ TDA e- %(mbio )ebe- &er (y)()o& y reor3()o& p(r( %(-(+i3(r ()e%()(me-te & (%ti'i)() por me)io )e p(&(tiempo& y )eporte& y ( reg+(r

+( mi&m( e- +o& mome-to& y %o-teto& e e& -e%e&(rio H(+ %e-(r e- +g(re&

pJb+i%o& et%..

E- +( e&%e+( +o& m(e&tro& )ebe- per&egir t(mbi8- e&t(& met(&. Lo& -i=o& %o-

e+ TDA por e6emp+o )ebe- &er reor3()o& por p(rti%ip(r m,& e- +(& (%ti'i)()e&

)o%e-te& )e+ (+( t(+e& %omo %o-te&t(r preg-t(& e i-'o+%r(r&e e- +( )i&%&i7-

)e +( %+(&e. E- %o-tr(&te (8++o& %o- e+ TDA )ebe- &er e&tim+()o& y

reor3()o& por e&per(r & tr-o por e&%%h(r %o- %i)()o +(& i-&tr%%io-e& y -o

(%t(r imp+&i'(me-te.

'raba(o escolar.

L(& e&%e+(& )ebe- h(%er mo)ii%(%io-e& e- && pr,%ti%(& y pro%e)imie-to&

p(r( (te-)er +(& -e%e&i)()e& )e +o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA y TDA. Ambo& tipo& )e

-i=o& -e%e&it(- &er reor3()o& (%ti'( y re%e-teme-te por me6or(r & tr(b(6o

2@


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e&%o+(r. E- e+ hog(r +o& p()re& )ebe- e-&e=(r y reor3(r +(& (%ti'i)()e&

rti-(ri(& -e%e&(ri(& p(r( h(%er +(& t(re(& e&%o+(re& t(+e& %omo (-ot(r 8&t(&

tr(er +o& %()er-o& y )em,& m(teri(+e& e&%o+(re& e&t(b+e%er - hor(rio p(r( e+

perio)o )e e&t)io termi-(r +(& t(re(& y e-treg(r+(& (+ m(e&tro.

De ig(+ m(-er( e- e+ (+( +o& m(e&tro& )ebe- reor3(r e+ e-treg(r +(& t(re(&

e&%o+(re& te-er +o& m(teri(+e& -e%e&(rio& p(r( %ome-3(r - tr(b(6o empe3(r

8&te y m(-te-er&e e- e+ mi&mo h(&t( %omp+et(r+o. E& &m(me-te import(-te

e +o& m(e&tro& %ote6e- &i e+ -i=o (-ot7 +(& t(re(& (&ig-()(& y e%h(& )ee,me-e& )e e-treg( )e proye%to& e&pe%i(+e& et%.

E& )e m%ho '(+or &(r -( ho6( )e i-orme e&%e+(>hog(r )e tr(b(6o )i(rio e-

)o-)e +o& m(e&tro& e'(+J(- peri7)i%(me-te y %om-i%(- ( +o& p()re& e+

%omport(mie-to y e+ )e&empe=o )e+ -i=o e- e+ (+(. De e&t( m(-er( +o& p()re&

pe)e- reor3(r e+ e&er3o y +o& +ogro& obte-i)o& )r(-te e+ )( e&%o+(r. !(rio&

(tore& h(- )e&(rro++()o o re%opi+()o re%ome-)(%io-e& p(r( (%i+it(r +(&

%o-)%t(& (-te& )e&%rit(& e- e+ (+( H


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o -o &obrere(%%io-(r ( br+(& et%. E&t(& )e&tre3(& pe)e- )e&(rro++(r&e por

me)io )e ep+i%(%io-e& e-&(yo& %o-)%t(+e& o 6ego )e ro+e& pr,%ti%( e-

'i'o et%. %omo p(rte )e - progr(m( )e mo)ii%(%i7- %o-)%t(+ e- e+ e

e&t8- t(mbi8- i-'o+%r()o& +o& p()re& o m(e&tro&.

E&t( i-'o+%r(%i7- )e +o& ()+to& h( )emo&tr()o &er import(-te p(r( e+ 8ito )e

e&te tipo )e progr(m( Hi-er X %


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E& re%ome-)(b+e e +o& p()re& y m(e&tro& te-g(- -( epe%t(ti'( re(+i&t( e-

%(-to ( +o& %(mbio& ('or(b+e& e pe)(- ob&er'(r&e e- e+ -i=o %omo

re&+t()o )e +( me)i%(%i7- %o- mir(& ( -o )e&(-im(r&e y )e&%o-ti-(r e+

tr(t(mie-to (+ -o )ete%t(r %(mbio& )r(m,ti%o& e- & %omport(mie-to.

L( 9-)(%i7- C(-t(bri( )e (y)( (+ )8i%it )e (te-%i7- e hiper(%ti'i)() h(

%o-%ept(+i3()o +(& %(r(%ter&ti%(& e&pe%i%(& )e (%er)o ( 8&to& * tipo&.

L(& C(r(%ter&ti%(& )e+ tipo pre)omi-(-teme-te i-(te-to:

• Le& %e&t( pre&t(r (te-%i7- ( +o& )et(++e& )e +(& t(re(& e- &it(%io-e&

%oti)i(-(& y e&%o+(re&.• Comete- errore& por )e&%i)o %omo (bro%h(r&e m(+ +( %(mi&( tir(r -

'(&o %opi(r m(+ - e--%i()o o %ometer errore& )e ortogr((.• Tie-e- )ii%+t() e- m(-te-er +( (te-%i7- e- +(& t(re(& &obre to)o

%(-)o 8&t( e& mo-7to-( y (brri)( o reier( - e&er3o me-t(+.• (re%e- -o e&%%h(r %(-)o &e +e& h(b+(. E&to e& )ebi)o ( +( %(-ti)()

)e e&tm+o& eter-o& e +e& ++eg(- y -o &o- %(p(%e& )e )i&%rimi-(r.• So- )e&%i)()o& y o+'i)()i3o& per)ie-)o e+eme-to& -e%e&(rio& t(-to

p(r( && (%ti'i)()e& e&%o+(re& H+ibro& %()er-o& bo+gr(o& %omo p(r(

& 'i)( per&o-(+ H+('(r&e +o& )ie-te& pei-(r&e.• Tie-e- )ii%+t() p(r( pre&t(r (te-%i7- ( )o& e&tm+o& (+ mi&mo tiempo

%omo pe)e- &er - e&tm+o or(+ Hi-&tr%%io-e& p(t(& y - e&tm+o

'i&(+ He&em( )ib6o& y( e -o +o& pro%e&(- ( +( 'e3.

C(r(%ter&ti%(& )e+ tipo hiper(%ti'o:

*0


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• Tie-e- -( e%e&i'( (%ti'i)() motor(: &o- i-ieto& i-%(p(%e& )e

re+(6(r&e me'e- e- e%e&o m(-o& y pie& +e& %e&t( e)(r&e &e-t()o&

%(-)o )ebe- +e& %e&t( p(rti%ip(r e- (%ti'i)()e& )e m(-er( tr(-i+(.

• Se+e- m(-te-er -( e%e&i'( (%ti'i)() 'erb(+: h(b+(- m%ho y e-

&it(%io-e& i-(propi()(& y m(-tie-e- e+ mi&mo tem( )r(-te m%ho

tiempo.• D(- m(yor i-te-&i)() (+ epre&(r && emo%io-e&: t(-to +(& (+egr(& %omo

+(& tri&te3(& +(& epre&(- )e -( m(-er( )e&me)i)(.

C(r(%ter&ti%(& )e imp+&i'i)():

• Tie-e- )ii%+t() p(r( %o-tro+(r e i-hibir +(& %o-)%t(&: (%tJ(- &i- pe-&(r

re&po-)e- pre%ipit()(me-te i-terrmpe- y &e e-tromete- e- +o& 6ego&

+e& %e&t( e&per(r tr-o& &e pe+e(- por %(+ier %o&( )e&tro3(- &&

propi(& %o&(& y +(& )e +o& )em,&.• Tie-e- )ii%+t() p(r( %o-tro+(r +(& emo%io-e&: Se me&tr(- imp(%ie-te&

&e+e- te-er m(+ hmor irrit(bi+i)() y (&pe%to e-()()o -o (pre-)e- )e

&& errore& y -o &(be- per)er.

E- -i=o& )e e)() e&%o+(r +o& &-tom(& )e i-(te-%i7- (e%t(- +(&

t(re(& e- %+(&e y e+ re-)imie-to (%()8mi%o Hpri-%ip(+me-te e- m(tem,ti%(&

&i &e pre&e-t( +( hiper(%ti'i)() e- e+ -i=o ()em,& )e +( i-(te-%i7- +(

%o-)%t( )e+ me-or &er, i-iet( y p(re%er, e e+ -i=o e& - motor e-

m(r%h(. C(-)o &e pre&e-t( imp+&i'i)() e&t( &e re+e6( e- prob+em(& p(r(

(%ept(r +( )i&%ip+i-( e&%o+(r. E- %(&o& m,& %omp+e6o& pe)e- pre&e-t(r&e

%o-)%t(& )e r(-%( (gre&i'i)().

*1


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E- ()o+e&%e-te& y ()+to& +o& &-tom(& pe)e- '(ri(r e& prob(b+e

e &e m(-iie&te- (+g-(& )e +(& &igie-te& %o-)%t(&:

•

o&po-e && (%ti'i)()e& re%e-teme-te.

• "e%e&it( pre&i7- i-te-&( p(r( %ome-3(r && (%ti'i)()e&.

• o%o re(+i&t( e- %(-to (+ m(-e6o )e+ tiempo y )i-ero.

• Tie-e )ii%+t() e- m(-e6(r priori)()e&.

• Se e-%e-tr( preo%p()o por && propio& pe-&(mie-to&.

• 9,%i+me-te &e )i&tr(e.

• ier)e e+ o%o re%e-teme-te.

• Le-t( 'e+o%i)() e- pro%e&(r.

• ro)%ti'i)() my i-%o-&i&te-te.

• Som-o+e-%i( )ir-(.

• o%o moti'()o o +( moti'(%i7- &e )e&'(-e%e r,pi)(me-te.

• 9,%i+me-te &e r&tr(.

• y &e-&ib+e ( +(& %rti%(&.

*2


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• 9,%i+me-te &e +e o+'i)(- +(& p(+(br(& e -e%e&it( p(r(

epre&(r&e.

• ier)e p(pe+e& re%e-teme-te.

• Re(%%io-( )em(&i()o r,pi)o Himp+&i'o.

• Se M(%e+er(N o (pre&r( )em(&i()o Hep+o&i'o.

".".6 E(&';)( *' )+'&)-) *' A'+-)4+

Debi)o ( e &o- my )i'er&o& y %r7-i%o& +o& prob+em(& %o-)%t(+e& (&o%i(>

)o& (+ TDA &e reiere +( imp+eme-t(%i7- )e -( gr(- '(rie)() )e tr(t(mie->

to&. H(+(%io& 2005.

Re&+t( -e%e&(ri( +( i-ter'e-%i7- y eperie-%i( )e )i'er&o&

proe&io-(+e& %omo -er7+ogo& p&i%7+ogo& tr(b(6()ore& &o%i(+e& y

m(e&tro&.

A%t(+me-te +o& tr(t(mie-to& m,& ee%ti'o& &e e-o%(- ( re)%ir +o&

&-tom(&. (y e'i)e-%i( )e e +( ter(pi( m+timo)(+ H)i'er&(& orm(& )e

tr(t(mie-to %omo e+ (rm(%o+7gi%o m,& e+ p&i%oter(p8ti%o por pero)o&

+(rgo& re)%e e+ rie&go )e - pro-7&ti%o -eg(ti'o e- +( ()o+e&%e-%i( y e- +(

e)() ()+t(.

**


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E+ tr(t(mie-to t(mbi8- tom( e- %e-t( ( +( (mi+i( &obreto)o ( +o&

p()re& por e&o e& +( import(-%i( )e e e++o& t(mbi8- &e e-%e-tre- bie-

i-orm()o& (%er%( )e+ tr(&tor-o.

E+ m(e&tro )eber, i-ter'e-ir )e m(-er( peri7)i%( p(r( gi(r (+ -i=o (

tr('8& )e +o& )i&ti-to& pero)o& %orto& )e (te-%i7- +( imp+&i'i)() o (+t( )e

(to%o-tro+. (&t( e+ mome-to +o& tr(t(mie-to& e h(- )emo&tr()o &er

m,& ee%ti'o& &o-: (rm(%oter(pi( Hme)i%(me-to& mo)ii%(%i7- %o-)%t(+

tr(t(mie-to %og-iti'o>%o-)%t(+ y orie-t(%i7- ( p()re& y m(e&tro&.

H(+(%io& 2005.

De +( '(rie)() )e tr(t(mie-to& &egJ- (+(%io& H2005 re&+t(- +o&

&igie-te&:

Tr(t(mie-to (rm(%o+7gi%o.

Re&+t( import(-te me-%io-(r e +( %o-ei7- y %om-i%(%i7- e-tre -ero-(&

&e h(%e po&ib+e ( tr('8& )e -(& &&t(-%i(& ++(m()(& -erotr(-&mi&ore& %omo+( )op(mi-( +( -or()re-(+i-( y +( &eroto-i-( e-tre otr(&. E&t(& &&t(-%i(& ( &

'e3 %re(- e&tm+o& e+8%tri%o& e- e+ %erebro. E&to& imp+&o& e+8%tri%o& permite-

e +(& &&t(-%i(& mi%(& p(&e- )e -( -ero-( ( otr(.

Lo& e&tm+o& )e+ me)io (mbie-te y +(& &&t(-%i(& -erotr(-&mi&or(&

y e+ pro%e&o )e imp+&o& e+8%tri%o& permite- e e+ %erebro (pre-)( y( e

e+ (pre-)i3(6e &e )( %(-)o +(& %o-eio-e& &e ort(+e%e-.

Lo& me)i%(me-to& m,& ti+i3()o& &o-: +o& e&tim+(-te& %yo J-i%o

pro)%to e- 8i%o e& e+ eti+e-i)(to y +o& i-hibi)ore& )e +( re%(ptr( )e

-or()re-(+i-( %yo J-i%o pro)%to e- 8i%o e& +( Atomoeti-(.

*4


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I+'&

tim+(-te&

4 To)( reg+( o i-&tr%%i7- )ebe &er %+(r( pre&e-t(r&e e- orm( )e

i%h(& +i&t(& otro& re%or)(torio& 'i&(+e&. "o )( be-o& re&+t()o&

%o-i(r e- +( memori( )e+ -i=o o e- +o& re%or)(torio& 'erb(+e& e&

me6or e +o e&%rib(- &iempre e- e+ mi&mo %()er-o.

5 o-er e- m(r%h( - progr(m( )e reer3o& %o- +o& -i=o&. 9-%io-(

tr(b(6(r ( tr('8& )e premio& +o& %(+e& )ebe- e&t(r bie- org(-i3()o&

&i&tem(ti3()o& y p+(-ii%()o&.

? Dei-ir +( %o-)%t( y +( met( %o- +( e &e '( ( empe3(r e- t8rmi-o&

my e&pe%i%o&.

@ Reor3(r +( %o-)%t( h(&t( e (p(re3%( %o-&i&te-teme-te.

*5


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F o%o ( po%o i-%reme-t(r e+ reerimie-to p(r( e e+ -i=o %o-&ig( e+

reor3(mie-to Hpremio. Se pe)e reor3(r (+g-( pee=( impro'i&(>

%i7- p(r( +( %o-)%t( met(.

E& import(-te tr(b(6(r t(mbi8- %o- premio& %o- to)o& +o& (+m-o&

(-e -o te-g(- e+ tr(&tor-o pero ( +o& -i=o& %o- TDA &e re%o>

mie-)(- reer3o& m,& po)ero&o& y( e )e +o %o-tr(rio &e (brre-.

10 o-itori3(r +( %o-)%t( )e&e()( y h(%er -( e'(+(%i7- (+ i-(+ )e +(

&em(-( y e-'i,r&e+( ( +o& p()re& y( e )ebe ei&tir m%h( %om-i>

%(%i7- %o- e++o&.".".# M&-/ 0';0

E- +( %o-&tit%i7- )e +o& E&t()o& U-i)o& ei%(-o& &e h(%e 8-(&i& e- +(

e)%(%i7- e& +ibre +(i%( y gr(tit( p(r( to)o& +o& mei%(-o& &i- import(r &i

%e-t(- %o- (+g-( )i&%(p(%i)() o tr(&tor-o.

E- e+ (=o )e 12 &e pb+i%o e- e+ )i(rio oi%i(+ )e +( e)er(%i7- +( (prob(%i7-

)e +( +ey ge-er(+ )e +( e)%(%i7- e&t(-)o %omo pre&i)e-te e- tr-o C. C(r+o&

S(+i-(& )e Gort(r.

L( Ley Ge-er(+ )e E)%(%i7- re&pe%to ( +( (te-%i7- )e -i=o& y -i=(&

%o- )i&%(p(%i)() &e=(+( e- & (rt%+o 41 e +( e)%(%i7- e&t, )e&ti-()( (

i-)i'i)o& %o- )i&%(p(%i)()e& tr(-&itori(& o )ei-iti'(& (& %omo (e++o&

%o- (ptit)e& &obre&(+ie-te&. A&imi&mo &e=(+( e &e )ebe )e (te-)er %o-

ei)() &o%i(+ y )e m(-er( ()e%()( ig(+me-te )e +ogr(r & i-tegr(%i7- e-

+o& p+(-te+e& e&%o+(re& me)i(-te +( (p+i%(%i7- )e m8to)o& t8%-i%(& y

*?


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m(teri(+e& e&pe%i%o&. A)em,& (irm( e 8&t( e)%(%i7- i-%+ir, +(

orie-t(%i7- ( +o& p()re& o ttore& (& %omo (+ per&o-(+ )e +( e&%e+(

i-tegr()or(.

Dr(-te m%ho& (=o& y ( p(rtir )e e &rge e+ rogr(m( )e

9ort(+e%imie-to p(r( +( E)%(%i7- E&pe%i(+ y +( I-tegr(%i7- E)%(ti'(

(%t(+me-te rogr(m( )e I-%+&i7- y Ei)() E)%(ti'( &e e&t(b+e%e-

+-e(& )e (%%i7- e-%(mi-()(& ( ir ('ore%ie-)o +( (te-%i7- ( +( pob+(%i7-

%o- (ptit)e& &obre&(+ie-te& po%o ( po%o )e-tro +(& -orm(ti'(& t(mbi8- &e

empie3(- ( i-%+ir (&pe%to& e&pe%i%o& p(r( +( (te-%i7- )e )i%h( pob+(%i7-

(%t(+me-te y )eri'()o )e+ A%er)o ?? )e )o-)e )eri'(- +(& "orm(& )e

Co-tro+ E&%o+(r re+(ti'(& ( +( I-&%rip%i7- Rei-&%rip%i7- (%re)it(%i7-

promo%i7- reg+(ri3(%i7- y %ertii%(%i7- e- e)%(%i7- b,&i%( 201* &e

me-%io-( )e m(-er( p-t(+ e- & %(pt+o !.2 42. A&pe%to& pri-%ip(+e& )e

+( (te-%i7- )e A+m-o& %o- -e%e&i)()e& e)%(ti'(& e&pe%i(+e& yKo Aptit)e&Sobre&(+ie-te&.

E- e+ %(&o )e +o& (+m-o& %o- -e%e&i)()e& e)%(ti'(& e&pe%i(+e& e i-gre&e-

( +o& p+(-te+e& )e e)%(%i7- b,&i%( reg+(r &e +e& re(+i3(r, (+ i-i%io )e+ %i%+o

e&%o+(r - i-orme )e )ete%%i7- i-i%i(+ y - i-orme )e e'(+(%i7-

p&i%ope)(g7gi%( e permit( i)e-tii%(r +o& (poyo& e reier( e+ (+m-o. Co-

b(&e e- e+ i-orme )e E'(+(%i7- p&i%ope)(g7gi%( y +( p+(-e(%i7- )i),%ti%( &e

e+(bor(r, +( rope&t( Crri%+(r A)(pt()(.

*@


46/70

Di%h( -orm(ti'( h(%e reere-%i( t(mbi8- ( e &er, re&po-&(bi+i)()

)e+ Dire%tor (e&tro )e grpo o m(e&tro (&e&or &egJ- %orre&po-)( e- %()(

-i'e+ e)%(ti'o (& %omo )e +o& p()re& )e (mi+i( o ttore& y )e+ per&o-(+ )e

e)%(%i7- e&pe%i(+ e- %(&o )e e +o h(y( )e re(+i3(r +o (-terior.

".. A+'-'*'+'(

E- - e&t)io %o- -i=o& pertorrie=o& e-%o-tr(mo& e +o& &-tom(& )e TCL

ob&er'()o& por +o& m(e&tro& e- e+ (+( )i&ti-giero- %orre%t(me-te e+ @5W )e

+o& -i=o& %o- e+ TDA y e+ TDA mie-tr(& e (e++o& ob&er'()o& por +(&m()re& )i&ti-giero- %orre%t(me-te e+ @1W )e +o& %(&o& H


47/70

". P0+'@)'+/ *'0 1&/90'@

Se h( ob&er'()o +( -e%e&i)() )e )(r orie-t(%i7- ( +o& m(e&tro& )e

e&%e+(& reg+(re& e e- & m(yor( )e&%o-o%e e - (+m-o epre&e-t( (+gJ- tipo )e )i&%(p(%i)() o tr(&tor-o pe)e ( +( p(r pre&e-t(r

(+gJ- tipo )e (ptit) &obre&(+ie-te y( e &i &e e-o%(- e- )i%h( (ptit) &e

obtie-e- be-ei%io& ( %orto y +(rgo p+(3o. Si - (+m-o e pre&e-t( TDA

-o e& (te-)i)o )e m(-er( %orre%t( &e 'er, (e%t()o & )e&empe=o e&%o+(r y

por e-)e & re-)imie-to &er, por )eb(6o )e+ prome)io.

U-( prob+em,ti%( &ig-ii%(ti'( e &e pre&e-t( e- (+m-o& e -o &o-

(te-)i)o& )e m(-er( %orre%t( e& e+ )e&%o-tro+ emo%io-(+ e reper%te e-

+( (+t( )e %o-%e-tr(%i7- e- +(& (%ti'i)()e& e re(+i3(.

E& %omJ- t(mbi8- e (e+ (+m-o e pre&e-t( TDA &e( (te-)i)o

%o- -( &erie )e e&tr(tegi(& b,&i%(& )e (te-%i7- y %o-%e-tr(%i7- )e-tro )e+(+( o pe)e &er %(-(+i3()o ( - e&pe%i(+i&t( m8)i%o p(r( & tr(t(mie-to

i8- pre&%ribe -( &erie )e me)i%(me-to& e e- o%(&io-e& &o+o (+et(rg(-

(+ -i=o pe& )i&mi-ye- )e m(-er( )r,&ti%( e+ -i'e+ )e (%ti'i)() e -

(+m-o me&tr(.

"o ei&te - )i(g-7&ti%o %ertero pe& e& prob(b+e e m%ho&

(+m-o& e &o- )i(g-o&ti%()o& %o- TDA e- re(+i)() &o- (+m-o& %o- -

e-orme pote-%i(+ e (+ -o 'er &(ti&e%h(& && -e%e&i)()e& &e re+e6(- e-

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-( &erie )e (%tit)e& e h(%e- 'er+o %omo - (+m-o prob+em( o %o-

(+gJ- tipo )e tr(&tor-o.

E- +o& (=o& re%ie-te& &e h( %o-'erti)o -)(me-t(+ %o-o%er +(&%(r(%ter&ti%(& )e e&to& (+m-o& pore e&te %o-o%imie-to permitir, ( +o&

proe&io-(+e& )irigir&e r,pi)(me-te (+ %o-teto e )( &ig-ii%()o (+

prob+em( )e+ (+m-o. E&t( i-orm(%i7- e& m,& import(-te e- +o& J+timo&

(=o& y( e +o& proe&io-(+e& &e+e- %o-t(r %o- )i&po&i%io-e& e)%(ti'(&

p(r( po)er (y)(r ( e&to& (+m-o&.

".6 3()>)--)4+

E&t( i-'e&tig(%i7- tie-e %omo prop7&ito e+ &er'ir %omo p-to )e

reere-%i( p(r( +o& proe&io-(+e& )e +( e)%(%i7- e (tie-)e- ( (+m-o&

%o- (+g-( %o- TDA. Se b&%( obte-er i-orm(%i7- &obre +o& be-ei%io& )e

+( (p+i%(%i7- )e - progr(m( p&i%omotor (p+i%()o e- - grpo )e (+m-o& )e+( %i)() )e Chih(h(.

E- +( (%t(+i)() +o& m(e&tro& -o e&t,- prep(r()o& p(r( tr(b(6(r

e'(+(r y m%ho me-o& p(r( )i(g-o&ti%(r ( +o& (+m-o& %o- tr(&tor-o& )e

(pre-)i3(6e %omo +o e& e+ )8i%it )e (te-%i7- %o- o &i- hiper(%ti'i)() +o&

m(e&tro& reiere- te-er ( & (+%(-%e i-orm(%i7- y +(& herr(mie-t(&

()e%()(& p(r( tr(b(6(r %o- -i=o& y ()o+e&%e-te& %o- )8i%it )e (te-%i7-

H(+(%io& 2005.

40


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Se prete-)e (-(+i3(r ( (+m-o& e pre&e-t(- TDA y( e &i (

)i%ho& (+m-o& &e +e& tr(b(6( %o- b(&e e- && h(bi+i)()e& &er,-

e&tim+()o& y (%%e)er,- %o- m(yor (%i+i)() ( +o& (pre-)i3(6e&. E- %(&o )e

e +( i-ter'e-%i7- &e( ()e%()( &e prete-)e e&t(b+e%er ob6eti'o& %om-e&

p(r( to)o& +o& i-'o+%r()o& )e-tro )e+ pro%e&o )e+ -i=o. A)em,& )e i-%i)ir e-

e+ (poyo e +o& m(e&tro& )ebe- bri-)(r e- +( (te-%i7- ( +( -e%e&i)()

e)%(ti'( e&pe%i(+ e pre&e-t(.

A+ e&t(b+e%er b(&e& p(r( e-te-)er reg+(& &e )( &e-ti)o ( %ierto&

ob6eti'o& &i +(& (%ti'i)()e& &o- p+(-e()(& e- b(&e ( to)o +o e - (+m-o

TDA -e%e&it( &e propi%i( +( %(p(%i)() )e org(-i3(r y proye%t(r )(-)o -

&e-ti)o i-te-%io-(+ y po&iti'o ( %()( %o-)%t(.

()re& m(e&tro& y ter(pet(& pe)e- (y)(r ( e - -i=o %o- TDA

)e&(rro++e (mor propio %o-tro+e & (-&ie)() e-tie-)( & prob+em( ()ier(

)e&tre3(& &o%i(+e& y t8%-i%(& p(r( e-re-t(r %o- 8ito +(& )ii%+t()e& e &e

+e pre&e-te-.

E& )e &m( import(-%i( e +o& m(e&tro& )e grpo )e - (+m-o %o-

TDA &e )(- %e-t( )e +( import(-%i( )e (te-)er e+ pote-%i(+ e e+ (+m-o

m(-iie&t( +o& m(yore& be-ei%io& &e re+e6(- e- e+ (+m-o e &e (tie-)e

y( e (mb(& -e%e&i)()e& e&t(r,- &ie-)o %biert(&.

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50/70

ero 8&te i-ter8& )eber, ir (%omp(=()o )e +( p(rti%ip(%i7- (%ti'( y

)ire%t( %omo p(rte )e +( (te-%i7- ( & -e%e&i)() e)%(ti'( e&pe%i(+ p(r(

e e+ pro%e&o &e 'e( re+e6()o e- +( (te-%i7- )e+ (+m-o.

".# H)14'()(

Se %o-&i)er( e +o& (+m-o& %o- TDA &o- i-%(p(%e& )e me6or(r &

%o-)%t( )e-tro )e +( &(+7- )e %+(&e& y por +o t(-to & )e&(rro++o %og-iti'o y

&o%i(+ -o e& e+ i)e(+.

". P&/14()/ ;'+'&0

L( (p+i%(%i7- )e - progr(m( p&i%omotor( ( +o& -i=o& %o- )8i%it )e (te-%i7- )e

+( e&%e+( oririo (rr(.

". P&/14()/( '(1'-2>)-/(

Ob6eti'o& e&pe%i%o&:

( A-(+i3(r +o& )(to& )e +( '(+or(%i7- Co--er&.

b A-,+i&i& )e +o& re&+t()o& )e Co--er&.

% Co-o%er e+ imp(%to )e p&i%omotri%i)() e- -i=o& %o- )8i%it )e (te-%i7-.

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C A P Í T U L O I I

M $ T O D O

." S3'/(

Se obt'o -( me&tr( )e 2@ (+m-o& )e "i'e+ rim(ri( )e +( E&%e+(

Moririo (rr( 21*N )e +( C). )e Chih(h( Chih. Di%ho& (+m-o& ero-

)i(g-o&ti%()o& %o- TDA )r(-te e+ %i%+o e&%o+(r (-terior.

. D)('/ *' 0 )+ %(-tit(ti'o )e&%ripti'o %o- - )i&e=o

tr(-&'er&(+.

Co- - e&t)io )e i-ter'e-%i7- po&t e- -( &o+( pob+(%i7- +( %,+ e

grpo %o-tro+. L( %,+ &e (p+i%( (-te& )e +( i-ter'e-%i7- )e+ progr(m( y

)e&p8& )e +( (p+i%(%i7- )e+ mi&mo.

V&)90' )+*'1'+*)'+'

E0 &(/&+/ 1/& *7>)-) *' '+-)4+ e hiper(%ti'i)() HTDA &e %(r(%teri3( por

- p(tr7- per&i&te-te )e (+t( )e (te-%i7- o hiper(%ti'i)() e imp+&i'i)() o

(mbo& %y( re%e-%i( y gr('e)() e& m(yor )e +o tpi%(me-te ob&er'()o e-i-)i'i)o& %o- - -i'e+ %omp(r(b+e )e )e&(rro++o HAmeri%(- &y%hi(tri%

A&&o%i(tio- 14.

4*


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V&)90' *'1'+*)'+'

Lo& tr(&tor-o& por )8i%it )e (te-%i7- e hiper(%ti'i)() HTDA 'ie-e- )ei-i)o&

por +( pre&e-%i( )e tre& &-tom(& -)(me-t(+e&:

1. Di&mi-%i7- )e +( (te-%i7-.

2. Imp+&i'i)().

*. iper(%ti'i)() HAmeri%(- &y%hi(tri% A&&o%i(tio- 14.

. H'&&@)'+( ' )+(&3@'+/(

E- 1? C. Zeith Co--er& )i&e=7 )o& e&%(+(& p(r( e'(+(r e+ ee%to e e+

tr(t(mie-to (rm(%o+ te-( e- +( %o-)%t( )e -i=o& hiper(%ti'o&. Se tr(t(b( )e

i-&trme-to& )e hetero>ob&er'(%i7- ( &er %mp+ime-t()o& )e - +()o por +o&

p()re& y )e otro por e+ proe&or.

Si- emb(rgo %o- e+ p(&o )e+ tiempo & ti+i)() &e ete-)er( (+ pro%e&o )e

e'(+(%i7- (-terior (+ tr(t(mie-to. De e&te mo)o &e h(- %o-'erti)o e- %+,&i%o

p(r( +( )ete%%i7- )e +( pre&e-%i( )e TDA (+ &er -o )e +o& i-&trme-to& e

me6or )e&%ribe- +(& %o-)%t(& prototpi%(& )e+ -i=o hiper(%ti'o

Se (p+i%7 e+ %e&tio-(rio CO""ERS ( (e&tro& y ()re& )e (mi+i( H1@0 %o-+o& &igie-te& tipo& )e re(%ti'o&:

• 1 e&%(+( %o- %(tro op%io-e& )e re&pe&t( tipo LiYert H"-%( 0

So+o - po%o 1


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.6 P&/-'*)@)'+/

Se obt'o e+ premi&o -e%e&(rio ( +( i-&tit%i7- e)%(ti'( p(r( po)er ++e'(r (+

%(bo e&t( i-'e&tig(%i7-.

9ero- +o& m(e&tro& )e +( e&%e+( i8-e& )etermi-(ro- ( (e++o& (+m-o&

e po)(- pre&e-t(r TDA tom(-)o %omo b(&e +( ob&er'(%i7- )e (%tit)e&

)e-tro y er( )e+ (+( &i- )e6(r )e +()o +o m(-ie&t()o por +o& p()re& e-

re+(%i7- ( (+gJ- )i(g-7&ti%o m8)i%o pre'io.

Se )et(++o ( m(e&tro& y p()re& )e (mi+i( e te-)r(- e (p+i%(r -

i-&trme-to e -o& permitir( %orrobor(r +( pre&e-%i( )e - TDA e- e+ (+m-o

por %o-'e-ie-%i( &e (p+i%7 +( e&%(+( CO""ERS H200? ( m(e&tro& y p()re&

p(r( )etermi-(r +( pre&e-%i( )e tr(&tor-o por )8i%it )e (te-%i7-. Re(+i3(-)o +(

(p+i%(%i7- )e-tro )e+ (+( )e (poyo )e+ &er'i%io )e e)%(%i7- e&pe%i(+ ( tr('8&

)e +( p&i%7+og( )e+ e orm( p(rte e+ eipo )e (poyo.

o&terior ( e&to y y( )e+imit()o& +o& (+m-o& e &e %o-irm(b(- %o-

Tr(&tor-o por D8i%it )e Ate-%i7- &e 'o+'i7 ( %it(r ( ()re& y m(e&tro& p(r(

ep+i%(r e +( i-ter'e-%i7- %o- 8&to& (+m-o& &er( ( tr('8& )e+ progr(m(

p&i%omotor %yo prop7&ito e& e+ pote-%i(+i3(r t(+e-to& e- (+m-o& y )i&mi-ir

e+ TDA. Se %o-&i)ero & (poyo %omo p(rte -)(me-t(+ e- )i%ho pro%e&o y

(&imi&mo &e +e& pre&e-t7 -( bre'e re&e=( )e %7mo &e ++e'( e+ progr(m( e-

+(& 12 &e&io-e& progr(m()(&.

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A+ t8rmi-o )e +(& &e&io-e& &e 'o+'i7 ( %it(r ( p()re& y m(e&tro& p(r(

(p+i%(r -e'(me-te +( e&%(+( CO""ERS H200? e i)e-tii%(r (& '(ri(b+e& e-

re+(%i7- (+ tr(&tor-o.

A p(rtir )e +o& re&+t()o& )e +( (p+i%(%i7- )e+ rogr(m( +(& m(e&tr(&

)e+ &er'i%io )e e)%(%i7- e&pe%i(+ (poy(ro- +( i-'e&tig(%i7- (+ e+egir -(

me&tr( )e (+m-o& e )e&t(%(ro- )e m(-er( &ig-ii%(ti'( )r(-te +(

(p+i%(%i7- )e +(& (%ti'i)()e& y (+ t8rmi-o )e +(& mi&m(&.

A+ i-(+i3(r e+ %i%+o e&%o+(r &e ob&er'(ro- ('(-%e& &ig-ii%(ti'o& y &e)etermi-7 e )e e&o& (+m-o& )i(g-o&ti%()o& %o- TD pe)e- pre&e-t(r

(ptit) e- (+g-( )e +(& %i-%o ,re(& )e+ &obre&(+ie-te %omo &o- +( %re(ti'(

&o%io(e%ti'( i-te+e%t(+ (rt&ti%( y p&i%omotri3.

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C A P Í T U L O I I I R E S U L T A D O S

." A+0)()( 1&'0)@)+& *' */(

U-( 'e3 prep(r()( +( b(&e )e )(to& &e obt'iero- y &e gr(i%(ro- +o&

'(+ore& )e&%ripti'o& )e +( pob+(%i7- &ep(r(-)o +o& '(+ore& por e)() y

'(+ore& re&pe%to ( +(& &be&%(+(& e- -i'e+e& )e TDA. Sie-)o +( me&tr( i-(+

)e p(rti%ip(-te& - tot(+ )e 2@ )e +o& %,+e& &e obtie-e pre&e-%i( )e TDA e-

22 hombre& y 5 m6ere&. C(be me-%io-(r e &o- +o& gr()o& )e ter%ero y

%(rto )o-)e h(y m,& &6eto& %o- TDA.

E& )e ++(m(r +( (te-%i7- e 22 )e +o& 2@ &6eto& )e me&tr( &e(-

'(ro-e& otro )(to e re&+t( i-tere&(-te )e +( t(b+( e& e e- +o& gr()o& )e

ter%ero y %(rto (=o h(y &ig-ii%(ti'(me-te m,& -i=o& TDA. Lo& grpo& )e

primero y &eto )e&t(%(- )ebi)o ( e && re&+t()o& ero- i)8-ti%o& e- &

%(-ti)() )e (+m-o& %o- TDA y e- +(& '(ri(b+e& )e &eo e- (mbo& %(&o&

&& tre& e&t)i(-te& e mo&tr(ro- (%tit)e& )e+ tr(&tor-o &o- '(ro-e&.

Tabla por grado escolar y sexo de los sujetos de estudio

G&*/ C+)** V&/+'( M3'&'(rimero * * 0

Seg-)o * 2 1Ter%ero @ 2C(rto @ ? 1/i-to 2 1 1Seto * * 0

90 .". tabla por grado y sexo escolar de los sujetos de muestra

4@


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L( t(b+( &igie-te me&tr( +o& re&+t()o& )e +( (p+i%(%i7- )e+ te&t Co--er& (-te&y )e&p8& )e +( b(ter( p&i%om8tri%(.

Á&' A+'( D'(137(%o-)%t( 52 4F

(pre-)i3(6e ?F ?1p&i%om8tri%o 5F 54imp+&i'o 5? 5*(-&ie)() 54 52iper(%ti'i)() ?2 5?

Tabla2 Conners antes y después de la aplicación de la batería psicomotriz

F);3& .. Estad*sticos descriptivos de los participantes respecto a inicio % final enescala C+NNE- Maestros)

Re&pe%to ( +o& re&+t()o& obte-i)o& e- +( %omp(r(%i7- )e +( primer( y &eg-)(

(p+i%(%i7- )e +( E&%(+( CO""ERS ( (e&tro& &e )etermi-( e &i &e pre&e-t7

-( )iere-%i( &ig-ii%(ti'( e- +( &be&%(+( )e iper(%ti'i)() y Tr(&tor-o )e

Co-)%t(.

4F


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E& import(-te re&(+t(r e +(& )iere-%i(& -m8ri%(me-te p(re%e-

&er po%(& &i- emb(rgo e- e+ ,re( pr,%ti%( )e-tro )e+ &(+7- )e %+(&e& +( %o-)%t(

e& my &ig-ii%(ti'(. A+ &er -ot(r&e re)%i)(& +(& %o-)%t(& imp+&i'(& (-&ie)()

y )e hiper(%ti'i)() &e obtie-e %omo %o-&e%e-%i( -( me6or( e- +( %o-)%t( )e

+o& &6eto& e'(+()o& y +( %o-&e%e-%i( e& -( me6or oport-i)() )e

(pre-)i3(6e p(r( e+ (+m-o. En los resultados obtenidos en la pri"era %

se$unda aplicación de la Escala C+NNE- a los "aestros se observa que si se

presenta una diferencia si$nificativa en la subescala de Proble"as de

Aprendia(e e /iperactividad.

De (%er)o (+ pre&e-te e&t)io &e obt'o i-orm(%i7- )e +o& (+m-o&

i)e-tii%()o& %o- tr(&tor-o por )8i%it )e (te-%i7- HTDA +o& %,+e& ero-

&6eto& ( re%ibir +( e'(+(%i7- y (p+i%(%i7- )e i-&trme-to& p(r( i)e-tii%(r e+

tipo & (ptit) e p)ier( pre&e-t(r&e.

Si &e ob&er'( e )e&p8& )e (p+i%(r e+ progr(m( & (toe&tim( &e 'em,& &7+i)( &e re)6ero- -i'e+e& )e (-&ie)() y e&tr8& y &e m(-iie&t( e+

pote-%i(+ )e && t(+e-to&.

E& )e ++(m(r +( (te-%i7- e (+ e'(+(r ( +o& &6eto& por &eg-)(

o%(&i7- )e ob&er'o -( me6or( e- e+ ,re( &o%i(+ y (e%ti'( e&pe%i%(me-te

e- )o& &6eto& &e )e&%(rt( +( pre&e-%i( )e )i%h( (ptit) &obre&(+ie-te

&o%io(e%ti'( e- -o )e +o& (+m-o& e'(+()o& y e- e+ otro (+m-o

prope&to po)emo& (irm(r e &i ei&te +( pre&e-%i( )e -( (ptit)

4


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&obre&(+ie-te &o%io(e%ti'( y( e obt'o %e-ti+e& )e ! 8

re&pe%ti'(me-te.

A+ (-(+i3(r e+ ,re( %og-iti'(& &e )e&%bri7 e e&to& )o& &6eto&

tie-e- - C.I )e 105 y 10? e+ primero )e e++o& me&tr( - be-

pe-&(mie-to %o-%ept(+ h(bi+i)() p(r( e&t(b+e%er re+(%io-e& y p(r( emp+e(r

e+ pe-&(mie-to +7gi%o y (b&tr(%to %o- -( %ompre-&i7- 'erb(+ por e-%im(

)e+ prome)io y be- )e&(rro++o )e+ +e-g(6e. De-tro )e+ prome)io +(

%ompre-&i7- 'erb(+ 6i%io &o%i(+ &e-ti)o %omJ-.Se +ogr7 re&%(t(r ( (+m-o& e )e&t(%(ro- &ig-ii%(ti'(me-te )e&p8& )e +( (p+i%(%i7- )e+

rogr(m( )e I-ter'e-%i7- &ie-)o i)e-tii%()o& 4 (+m-o& %o- (ptit)

%re(ti'( 2 (+m-o& %o- (ptit) &o%io(e%ti'( 2 (+m-o& %o- (ptit)

i-te+e%t(+ y 1 (+m-o %o- (ptit) (rt&ti%(.

Lo& re&+t()o& obte-i)o& -o& i-)i%(- e ( p(rtir )e +( imp+eme-t(%i7-

)e (%ti'i)()e& e ('ore%e- +( (te-%i7- (& %omo e- b(&e ( e+ ,re( )e

(ptit) e& e &e pe)e- te-er re&+t()o& ('or(b+e& e- +( (te-%i7- )e -

(+m-o e pre&e-t( TDA re&+t( po&iti'o i)e-tii%(r +(& ,re(& erte& )e+

(+m-o &i- e-o%(r&e &7+o h(%i( e+ )8i%it &i-o bri-)(r eperie-%i(&

gr(tii%(-te& y e&tim+(-te& e permit(- pote-%i(r && (ptit)e&.

or +o t(-to &e &giere e (-te& )e etiet(r ( - (+m-o &e e'(+Je-

&& h(bi+i)()e& p(r( )etermi-(r 8 (%ti'i)()e& +e ('ore3%(- +(

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)i&mi-%i7- )e (+gJ- tipo )e tr(&tor-o o +( (te-%i7- )e +( -e%e&i)()

e&pe%i%( )e+ mi&mo.

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C A P Í T U L O I V

D I S C U S I Ó N Y C O N C L U S I O N E S

L(& preb(& e&t(-)(ri3()(& ei&te-te& p(r( i)e-tii%(r ( - (+m-o %o- TDA +o

bi%(- y %(t(+og(- %o- - tipo )e tr(&tor-o o )8i%it e por +o ge-er(+ (rro6(-

)(to& e -o& bri-)(- +( %erte3( e pre&e-t( +o e &e pre&me e&to e&

)ebi)o ( +(& (%tit)e& e e+ (+m-o pre&e-t( y e me&tr(- )iere-%i(&

m(r%()(& (+ re&to )e && %omp(=ero& m,& &i- emb(rgo e- o%(&io-e& &o-

%o-&e%e-%i( )e -( (+t( )e e&tm+o& y( &e( e- e+ ,mbito e&%o+(r yKo (mi+i(ry 8&t( )e&(te-%i7- pe)e )etermi-(r e - (+m-o pre&e-te )i%h(&

%(r(%ter&ti%(&.

Se h( ++eg()o ( +( %o-%+&i7- )e e +( (p+i%(%i7- )e progr(m(&

p&i%omotore& e- (+m-o& e &e pre&me tie-e- TDA e& be-8i%o +(

(p+i%(%i7- )e (%ti'i)()e& p&i%omotor(& (propi()(& ( +( e)() )e +o& -i=o& %o-

TDA me6or(- & re-)imie-to %og-iti'o (%tit)i-(+ &o%i(+ y )e hiper(%ti'i)().

C(be me-%io-(r e )e-tro )e +o& (+m-o& e &e pre&me tie-e-

TDA e& prob(b+e e te-g(- (+gJ- tipo )e (%tit) &obre&(+ie-te &i- erer

)e%ir %o- e&to e to)o& +o& (+m-o& %o- TDA &e(- AS.

Otro (&pe%to ( me-%io-(r e& e por +o reg+(r e+ m(e&tro e (tie-)e

(+ -i=o -o tie-e (%%e&o ( 8&te tipo )e preb(& y e& por e++o e -o &e )( ( +(

t(re( )e (p+i%(r e&tr(tegi(& e bri-)e- +( (te-%i7- e &e reiere.

E- e&te e&t)io -o &e tomo e- %e-t( ( (e++o& (+m-o& e

pre&e-t(ro- tr(&tor-o& ge-er(+i3()o& )e+ )e&(rro++o org,-i%o&.

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A%t(+me-te +o& &er'i%io& )e USAER (tie-)e- ( (+m-o& e

pre&e-t(- -( -e%e&i)() e)%(ti'( e&pe%i(+ y )e +o& (+m-o& e

pre&e-t(ro- tr(&tor-o por )8i%it )e (te-%i7- %o- y &i- hiper(%ti'i)() &e +ogr7

i)e-tii%(r ( (e++o& e p(rti%ip(ro- )e-tro )e +( i-'e&tig(%i7- y e (

p(rtir )e 8&te &e obtie-e -( repe&t( po&iti'( )e-tro )e+ %omport(mie-to

e pre&e-t(b(- ()em,& )e )e&(rro++(r h(bi+i)()e& e permitiero- ( +o&

m(e&tro& ob&er'(r )i'er&o& tipo& )e (ptit)e& e -o &o- (te-)i)(& %omo

t(+e& pe& +( (te-%i7- &e %e-tr( por +o reg+(r e- e+ )8i%it )e6(-)o ( - +()o

+( (ptit) e m(-iie&t(- &i- ei&tir - &egimie-to e&pe%i%o p(r( 8&to&(+m-o&.

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R E F E R E N C I A S

Ameri%(- &y%hi(tri% A&&o%i(tio-. H14 Di(g-o&ti% (-) St(ti&%(+ (-(+ o

e-t(+ Di&or)er&. 40th e). DS>I!. (&hi-gto- DC: Ameri%(-

&y%hi(tri% A&&p%i(tio- 14: @F>F5.

Ameri%(- &y%hi(tri% A&&o%i(tio-. H1F@. !ia$nostic and statistical "anual of

"ental disorders H*[ e). re'..(&hi-gto- D.C.: Ator.

Ameri%(- &y%hi(tri% A&&o%i(tio-. H14. !ia$nostic and statistical "anual of

"ental disorders H4( e).. (&hi-gto- D.C.: Ator.

)ei%itK hyper(%ti'ity

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)i&or)er ithot hyper(%ti'ity ( -erobio+ogi%(++y (-) beh('ior(++y )i&ti-%t

)i&or)er rom11 (tte-tio->)ei%itKhyper(%ti'ity )i&or)er Hith hyper(%ti'ity .

!evelop"ent andPs%copatolo$%, 1:, ;0:5;24.

9e+i ! H2005. er&pe%ti'(& re%ie-te& )e +( e'(+(%i7- -erop&i%o+7gi%( y

%omport(me-t(+ )e+ tr(&tor-o por )8i%it )e (te-%i7- %o- o &i-

hiper(%ti'i)().: E&p(=( I"DE.

Gr(t%h. H200. E+ Tr(&tor-o por D8i%it )e Ate-%i7- HADD>ADDC+-i%(

)i(g-7&ti%o y tr(t(mie-to e- +( i-(-%i( +( ()o+e&%e-%i( y +( ()+te32E)i%i7-: 8i%oD9

L7pe3>Ibor A+i=o ;. X !(+)8& .. H2002 DS>I!>TR. (-(+ Di(g-7&ti%o y

e&t()&ti%o )e +o& tr(&tor-o& me-t(+e&. 'e&to revisado.


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SE H2002. rogr(m( "(%io-(+ )e 9ort(+e%imie-to )e +( E)%(%i7- E&pe%i(+ y

+( I-tegr(%i7- E)%(ti'( 8i%o.

SE H200?. rope&t( )e I-ter'e-%i7-: Ate-%i7- e)%(ti'( ( (+m-o& y(+m-(& %o- (ptit)e& &obre&(+ie-te&. 1er( E)i%i7-. 8i%o D.9.

Sor) L. Z. H2000. Dire%tor( )e Gite) X Cre(ti'e Ser'i%e& A&tr(+i( ty Lt)

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F "o termi-( +(& %o&(& e empie3(Hperio)o& %orto& )e (te-%i7-

Dem(&i()o &e-&ib+e10 Dem(&i()o &erio o tri&te11 So=()or 12 o&%o o m(+hmor()o1* L+or( %o- re%e-%i( o ,%i+me-te14 o+e&t( ( otro& -i=o&15 E& pe-)e-%iero1? S e&t()o )e ,-imo %(mbi( )e m(-er(

r,pi)( y )r,&ti%(1@ E& re&po-)7-1F E& )e&tr%

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