1

IEE2071-01 J. Tong EDU 302 Yonsei International Summer School M-Th 9:00-10:40 June 27-August 6, 2016. Terrorism and Political Violence

The tsunami of over a million migrants fleeing civil conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, super-imposed on the massacre of 49 victims at the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando earlier this month (June 12), reinforced by shocking images of Jihadist Joe wielding his shining knife over the heads of his kneeling captives, are troubling reminders that September 11 is not a non-recurring date in the calendar of world history. It compels us to seek a deeper understanding of the causes, processes, and outcomes of political violence, including not only terrorism and urban riots, but also ethnic conflict, military coup d’etat and revolutions. We will begin with a general survey of leading theoretical approaches. In particular, we will discuss psychological explanations that attribute violence to instinct, mental disorders and frustration; social structural theories that focus on the effects of social change, stratification and cleavages; resource mobilization approaches that emphasize the process of how conflicting groups arise, press opposing claims, and contend for power; and rational choice explanations that view conflict as resting on cost-benefit analysis of coercion and compliance. Next, we will examine the socio-economic profile of revolutionaries, terrorists and rioters, in an effort to understand which type of people engage in political violence, and why. In the second part of the course, we will take a closer look at three modes of political violence -- urban riots, terrorism, and revolutions. We will conclude with a discussion of the outcome of political violence, in particular, structural changes in post-revolutionary society, the policy impact of urban riots, the fate of challenging groups, and determinants for their success and failure. Texts There is no required text for the course. The readings are posted with full text in PDF in the class website. On average, around 70-80 pages will be assigned per week, for background reading to enhance a better understanding of class lectures. Course Requirements Students are expected to attend class meetings and participate in class discussions. Course grade will depend on a mid-term (40%), and a final (60%) exam, both in-class exams with essay type as well as multiple choice questions. The mid-term exam will be held in class on Thursday, July 14th, and the final exam on Thursday, August 4th, also in class.

2

Course Organization and Reading Schedule I. In their own words Inspire (Fall, 1431), pp. 10-16. 27-32, 45-49, 70. J. Post et. al., “The Terrorists in their own words” Terrorism and Political Violence (2003), 171-84. William Laqueur, The Terrorism Reader (London: Wildwood House, 1979), pp. 119-179. II. Explaining Violence: Psychological and Structural Approaches A.S. Cohan, Theories of Revolution: An Introduction. NY: Halstead, 1975, pp. 177-206. Dipak. Gupta, The Economics of Political Violence (NY: Praeger), pp. 30-81. Ted. Gurr, Why Men Rebel. Princeton: Princeton U. Press, 1971, pp. 22-58. James C. Davies, When Men Revolt and Why (NY: Free Press, 1971), 119-134. III. Explaining Violence: Sociological and Political Process Approaches

S. Huntington, “Revolution and Political Order”, " in Jack Goldstone (1994), pp. 37-44. C. Tilly, “Does Modernization breed Revolution?” " in Jack Goldstone (1994), pp. 45-54. S. Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs (1993), 22-49. Barbara Salert, Revolutions and Revolutionaries (NY: Elsevier), pp. 21-47. IV. Perpetrators of Violence: Socio-economic Profile and Urban Riots N. Caplan, "The New Ghetto Man" Journal of Social Issues, 26/1 (1970), pp. 59-73. Sears and McConahay, "Who were the Rioters?" in The Politics of Violence (1973) , pp. 16-33. Mostafa Rejai, World Revolutionary Leaders (1983), pp. 45-98, 115-136. Russell and Miller, "Profile of a Terrorist" in Perspectives on Terrorism (1983), pp. 45-60. McCauley & Moskalenko, “Towards a profile of Lone Wolf Terrorists” Terrorism and Political Violence (2014), pp. 69-85. J. Johnson et al., "The L.A. Rebellion” Economic Development Quarterly (1992), pp. 356-372. The Police Foundation, The City in Crisis. Washington DC: The Police Foundation, 1992, pp. 1-43. P. Lupsha, "On Theories of Urban Violence" Urban Affairs Quarterly 4/3 (March 1969), pp. 272-295. V. Allen , "Towards Understanding Riots" Journal of Social Issues 26/1 (1970), pp. 1-18. Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder (1968), pp. 109-148. V. Terrorism and 9/11 The 9/11 Commission Report, pp. 298-351. Bruce Hoffman, “Defining Terrorism” Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism (1998), 3-25. D. Rapoport, “The Fourth Wave: 9/11 in the History of Terrorism” Current History (2001), 419-424. M. Crenshaw, “Why America? The Globalization of Civil War” Current History (2001), pp. 425-432. D. Kibble, “The Attacks of 9/11: Evidence of a clash of Religions?” Parameters (Dec. 2002), 34-45. J. Mueller, “6 Rather Unusual Propositions about Terrorism” Terror. & Pol. Violence (2005), 487-505. VI. Revolutions Crane Brinton, The Anatomy of Revolution (NY: Vintage Books), pp. 237-264.