.

Theoretic Elements of Heliocentric Electromagnetic Meteorology

, 2006.

: -

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Theoretic Elements of Heliocentric Electromagnetic Meteorology . . . . : CIP , 523 . 98 6 : 551 . 521 , . = Theoretic Elements of Heliocentric Electromagnetic Meteorology / . , 2006. ( : ) 240 . : . ; 24 ( : ) 200. . 15 17 : / , ., . - : . (239 -240) SUMMARY ISBN 86 - 904985 2 - 4 ) COBIS . SR ID 130881548

.

2006All Rights Reserved 2006 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, recording or atherwise, without written permission of from Milan recording or atherwise, without written permission Stevanevi. Milan Stevanevi.

:7 SUMMARY ..... 6 9 .......................................................................................... 7 15 ........................................................................................... 12

1................................................................................................19 1.1. ........................ 23 24 27 2. ...... 25 2.1. ............................................................31 29 2.2. ...........31 30 2.3. ................................. 35 2.4 ............ 38 33 40 2.5. ....................... 2.6. ......................... 42 3. ........47 51 51 3.1. 1 ............ 55 4. .........55 59 59 5. ................ 63 59 5. 1. ......... 63 60 5. 2. ....... 64 62 5. 3. ......66 64 5. 4. .....68 65 5. 5. ............... 69

4

j

6. ..... 67 71 6.1. ......... 73 69 6.2. ......... 73 69 6.3. .......... 77 73 6.4. .78 74 6.5. .... 79 75 6.6. .......... 80 76 6.7. ......... 81 77 6.8. . ..... 81 77 6.9. ....... 82 78 7. .. 79 83 7.1. ....... 80 7.2. ........ 81 7.3. ........ 83 7.4. .............. 88 . 7.5. ...... .89 7.6. ................................................ . 92 7.7. ... 93 7.8. ...... . 95 8. Ka .... 99 8.1. .... 102 100 8.2. ........... 105 103 8.3. ..... 106 104 8.4. ....108 106 8.5. ...................................................... 108 106 8.6. ... 110 108 8.7. .....111 109 8.8. ..................... 112 110 8.9. ................ 113 111 8.10. ... 115 113 8.11. 115 113 8.12. ...... 117 115 8.13. .... 117 8.14. ............ 1 119 9.15. ..... 123 121

j

5

9. ........ 123 9.1. .......... 125 9.2. ........... 126 9.3. .......................... 129 9.1. ............. 131 9.2. ..... 132 9.3. ............. 134 9.4. ....... 139 9.5. ...... 141 9.6. ....... 141 10. ..... 144 10.1. ..............................................................144 10.1. .................................................................. 145 10.2. ......... 146 10.3. ......... 147 10.4. ............ 148 10.5. ........... 150 10.6. ............. 151 10.7. ............... 152 10.8. ............. 155 10.9. ............... 158 10.10. ................ 160 10.11. ........... 162 10.12. ........... 164 11. ........ 11.1. ............ 166 11.2. ............ 170 12. .......... 171 12.1 ................ 12.2. .................... 173 12.3. ............. 174 12.4. ................ 176 12.5. .................. 178 12.6. ............... 180 12.7. ............... 186 12.8. .............. 187 12.9. ............... 188 12.10. .................. 195

13. ...........................197 13.1. .......198 13.2. ... 206 13.3. ............................................................... 210 13.4. ............................................................... 211 13.5. ............................... 212 13.6. .........213 13.7. ........................................... 219 13.8. ................................................. 221 13.9. .................................................... 224 13.10. .............................................................. 226 13.11. .............. 229 13.12. 231 13.13. ...................... 233 14. .237 15. ............................................................................. 239

SummaryTheoretic Elements of Heliocentric Electromagnetic Meteorology represents a new scientific approach in the weather science research. The results of electromagnetic research which had been carried out from 1975 to 2006 in the field of meteorology were collected in it. The aim of this research was the creation of new scientific theoretic elements that would enable to describe the meteorological phenomena by using mathematical relations. During the research a current geocentric approach is being abandoned, where it is claimed, simply said, that most of the meteorological phenomena begin and end in the Earths atmosphere. The electromagnetic meteorological researches are based on the heliocentric approach and weather on Earth is observed as a part of the weather that reigns in interplanetary space of the Solar system. A new science on the weather was based on the action of natural macroscopic immaterial forces. New weather parameters have been introduced such as magnetic and electric fields, natural corpuscular electric power, etc. A new hypothesis about the origin of meteorological phenomena has been written showing that meteorology is based on some other scientific principles. The results of heliocentric weather research have shown that laws which rule in interplanetary space are also in effect in the atmosphere of the Earth. Move to the heliocentric weather research required the introduction of new terms such as meteorological month, meteorological year and meteorological cycle. By making a meteorological calendar, time realization of repeating the electromagnetic energies that come to us from the Sun have been enabled. The hypothesis about making the nucleus of a rain drop through electronic valence, the hypothesis about air mass motions and the hypothesis on the atmospheric pressure, described by mathematical relations, deny the scientific bases of the current classical meteorology. Instead of the current descriptive geocentric meteorology, a new heliocentric meteorology was made based on the mathematical approach which enables the calculation of meteorological weather parameters and creation of the long-term weather forecast. This book gives mathematical base and reveals new domains for new researches in the field of meteorology.

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43

, , . . 13.1. , . 3.5. 2006. . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1. 25-ec2005 26-Dec 27-Dec 28-Dec 29-Dec 30-Dec 31-Dec 1-Jan 2006 2-Jan 3-Jan 4-Jan 5-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan 12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan 19-Jan 20-Jan 2. 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan 26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb 2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb 9-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb 16-Feb 3. 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb 23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar 2-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar 9-Mar 10-Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar 4. 16-Mar 17-Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 20-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar 23-Mar 24-Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 29-Mar 30-Mar 31-Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr 6-Apr 7-Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 10-Apr 11-Apr 5. 12-Apr 13-Apr 14-Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 17-Apr 18-Apr 19-Apr 20-Apr 21-Apr 22-Apr 23-Apr 24-Apr 25-Apr 26-Apr 27-Apr 28-Apr 29-Apr 30-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May 4-May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 6. 9-May 10-May 11-May 12-May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May 18-May 19-May 20-May 21-May 22-May 23-May 24-May 25-May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 30-May 31-May 1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 7. 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun 8-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun 19-Jun 20-Jun 21-Jun 22-Jun 23-Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun 29-Jun 30-Jun 1-Jul

44

2006.. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 8. 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul 6-Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 10-Jul 11-Jul 12-Jul 13-Jul 14-Jul 15-Jul 16-Jul 17-Jul 18-Jul 19-Jul 20-Jul 21-Jul 22-Jul 23-Jul 24-Jul 25-Jul 26-Jul 27-Jul 28-Jul 9. 29-Jul 30-Jul 31-Jul 1-Aug 2-Aug 3-Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 11-Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug 14-Aug 15-Aug 16-Aug 17-Aug 18-Aug 19-Aug 20-Aug 21-Aug 22-Aug 23-Aug 24-Aug 10. 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug 1-Sep 2-Sep 3-Sep 4-Sep 5-Sep 6-Sep 7-Sep 8-Sep 9-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep 20-Sep 11. 21-Sep 22-Sep 23-Sep 24-Sep 25-Sep 26-Sep 27-Sep 28-Sep 29-Sep 30-Sep 1-Oct 2-Oct 3-Oct 4-Oct 5-Oct 6-Oct 7-Oct 8-Oct 9-Oct 10-Oct 11-Oct 12-Oct 13-Oct 14-Oct 15-Oct 16-Oct 17-Oct 12. 18-Oct 19-Oct 20-Oct 21-Oct 22-Oct 23-Oct 24-Oct 25-Oct 26-Oct 27-Oct 28-Oct 29-Oct 30-Oct 31-Oct 1-Nov 2-Nov 3-Nov 4-Nov 5-Nov 6-Nov 7-Nov 8-Nov 9-Nov 10-Nov 11-Nov 12-Nov 13-Nov 13. 14-Nov 15-Nov 16-Nov 17-Nov 18-Nov 19-Nov 20-Nov 21-Nov 22-Nov 23-Nov 24-Nov 25-Nov 26-Nov 27-Nov 28-Nov 29-Nov 30-Nov 1-Dec 2-Dec 3-Dec 4-Dec 5-Dec 6-Dec 7-Dec 8-Dec 9-Dec 10-Dec 14. 11-Dec 12-Dec 13-Dec 14-Dec 15-Dec 16-Dec 17-Dec 18-Dec 19-Dec 20-Dec 21-Dec 22-Dec 23-Dec 24-Dec 25-Dec 26-Dec 27-Dec 28-Dec 29-Dec 30-Dec 31-Dec 1-Jan 2-Jan 2007 3-Jan 4-Jan 5-Jan 6-Jan

2007. . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1. 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan 12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan 19-Jan 20-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan 26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb 2-Feb 2. 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb 9-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb 16-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb 23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar 3. 2-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar 9-Mar 10-Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar 16-Mar 17-Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 20-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar 23-Mar 24-Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 4. 29-Mar 30-Mar 31-Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr 6-Apr 7-Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 10-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr 13-Apr 14-Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 17-Apr 18-Apr 19-Apr 20-Apr 21-Apr 22-Apr 23-Apr 24-Apr 5. 25-Apr 26-Apr 27-Apr 28-Apr 29-Apr 30-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May 4-May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May 10-May 11-May 12-May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May 18-May 19-May 20-May 21-May 6. 22-May 23-May 24-May 25-May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 30-May 31-May 1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun 8-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun

45

7. 18-Jun 19-Jun 20-Jun 21-Jun 22-Jun 23-Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun 29-Jun 30-Jun 1-Jul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul 6-Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 10-Jul 11-Jul 12-Jul 13-Jul 14-Jul

46

2007. 2006. g 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 8. 15-Jul 16-Jul 17-Jul 18-Jul 19-Jul 20-Jul 21-Jul 22-Jul 23-Jul 24-Jul 25-Jul 26-Jul 27-Jul 28-Jul 29-Jul 30-Jul 31-Jul 1-Aug 2-Aug 3-Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 9. 11-Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug 14-Aug 15-Aug 16-Aug 17-Aug 18-Aug 19-Aug 20-Aug 21-Aug 22-Aug 23-Aug 24-Aug 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug 1-Sep 2-Sep 3-Sep 4-Sep 5-Sep 6-Sep 10. 7-Sep 8-Sep 9-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep 20-Sep 21-Sep 22-Sep 23-Sep 24-Sep 25-Sep 26-Sep 27-Sep 28-Sep 29-Sep 30-Sep 1-Oct 2-Oct 3-Oct 11. 4-Oct 5-Oct 6-Oct 7-Oct 8-Oct 9-Oct 10-Oct 11-Oct 12-Oct 13-Oct 14-Oct 15-Oct 16-Oct 17-Oct 18-Oct 19-Oct 20-Oct 21-Oct 22-Oct 23-Oct 24-Oct 25-Oct 26-Oct 27-Oct 28-Oct 29-Oct 30-Oct 12. 31-Oct 1-Nov 2-Nov 3-Nov 4-Nov 5-Nov 6-Nov 7-Nov 8-Nov 9-Nov 10-Nov 11-Nov 12-Nov 13-Nov 14-Nov 15-Nov 16-Nov 17-Nov 18-Nov 19-Nov 20-Nov 21-Nov 22-Nov 23-Nov 24-Nov 25-Nov 26-Nov 13. 27-Nov 28-Nov 29-Nov 30-Nov 1-Dec 2-Dec 3-Dec 4-Dec 5-Dec 6-Dec 7-Dec 8-Dec 9-Dec 10-Dec 11-Dec 12-Dec 13-Dec 14-Dec 15-Dec 16-Dec 17-Dec 18-Dec 19-Dec 20-Dec 21-Dec 22-Dec 23-Dec 1. 24-Dec 25-Dec 26-Dec 27-Dec 28-Dec 29-Dec 30-Dec 31-Dec 1-Jan-2008 2-Jan 3-Jan 4-Jan 5-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan 12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan 19-Jan

25. 2007. . , , , .

47

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48

, . 1 . 1 .

200

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49

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155 ....... 20 ...... 1 10.. 55

3.2. 1 55 . , , , , , 20 .(3.2.) . 1 . 220 . .

50

1 1000 20000 . .

110 220 90 ....... 30

1 10..

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1

51

4.1 1 . . : ? v.

x

y

h

1 3. 4. m dx / dt = 0 ; m dz / dt = 0 ; m dy / dt = - e K.......( 4. 1. ) y 1 . h = - ( e K / m v ) x.................. ( 4. 2. )

52

(4.2.) 1 . . . , , , . , , . , 1 150 . . .

3.5

N x 10e^16 /m

100 300 .(3.5.) .

1

53

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N x 10e^16 /m

, , . , . (3.6.) , , . 1 . 1 900 . , , , , , , , , .

54

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2

t

55

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55

4. - , . . , , . . , , , , , , , . . . , , . , , , , , , . , , . , , , , .

56

1 k q1 qk, , dWk = d Ak..............................................................( 5. 1. ) n W = k qk................................................... ( 5. 2. ) k=1 . , , , dW . dW = D dV.................................................... ( 5. 3. ) W=

V

D dV...................................................... ( 5. 4.)

W = D.............................................................. ( 5. 5. )

- D - . po . .

57

1 . . , , . 1 -q, +q. (5.1.) , F.

-q

1 F o d Fg

+q

5.1 Fg, d , . dW. F d . dW = Fg d .................................................................... ( 5. 6. )

58

F = - dW / d .................................................................. ( 5. 7. ) ( 5.7 ) . . . , . , , , , , . p = KD.....................................................................( 5. 8. ) (5,8,) . , , , .

59

5 . , , . , . . , , . 5. 1. , , .. , , , . , . , , , , , . , . .

60

5. 2. . 99% , , , , 1% . 1% , , . . . K D .

W = D K dV.............................................. ( 6.1.1. )V . , , ,

dV = / dV + dA/dt J dV + grad J dV..... ( 6. 2.1.) . . , , , , , . div ( J ) = grad J + div J ................. ( 6. 2. 2. ) div J = - d/dt........................................... ( 6. 2. 3. ) - - ,

61

grad J = div ( J ) + d/dt.. (6. 2. 4. ) ( 6. 2.1.)

grad J dV = div ( J ) dV + d/dt dV.. ( 6. 2. 5. ) (6.2.5.) . , J , .

grad J dV = d/dt dV..................................... ( 6. 2. 6. ) (6.2.6) . , , . .

62

5. 3. . , . . . . , . . , , Vt, t = / Vt ... (6. 3. 1.) , , , dv / dt = K e / m .... ( 6. 3. 2.) v1 v2 ,

v2 = v1 + K e / m .......................................................( 6. 3. 3. ) , .

v2 = K e / m t ....................................................... ( 6. 3. 4. )

63

t v1 = 0 v2 v,

v = v2 / 2 = e t / 2 m K........................................ ( 6. 3. 5.) . , , . , , , . . N , . J = N e v = N e / 2m / Vt K ......................... ( 6. 3. 6.)

J = .................................................................... ( 6. 3. 7.) (6.3.7.) , , .. . , . . dt e v dt ...................................................................... (6. 3. 8.) - v .

64

dV = dl dS, je N e v dt ................................................................. ( 6. 3. 9. )

, . dV, , dP = N e v K dV .................................................. ( 6. 3. 10.) 5. 4. . , . , . V, , e W = ( K D + H B ) dV..............................( 6. 4. 1 )

J Ke dV = dW/dt + J/ dV + ( K x H ) dS..(6.4.2 )v v s . e . . , , , .

65

. , , . = K x H............................................................... ( 6. 4. 3. ) (6.4.3.) . . . 5. 5. . , , . 1% . . , , . , . , . . . . e .

66

. S i= 1.) s = N e v........................................................................( 6. 3.2. ) - N , - - v . (6.3.2 ) . , . = N e , = v.........................................................................( 6. 3. 3. ) , . . , , , . . . 1% , , , .

J dS.................................................................

( 6. 3.

67

6. : . . . . , . Pa, Pv Psv . Pa = Pv + Psv .................................................................( 7. 1.) , (5.8.) p = KD........................................................................( 7. 2. ) K D . .

68

. , . Pa = Pv + P sv - Pel......................................................( 7. 3.) - Pa , - Pv , - P sv Pel . ( 7.3.) : , , , , .

69

6.1. , , , . . (7.3.) , . . . . , . 6.2. . Pa = Pv - Pel ............................................................... ( 7. 4. )

Pa = Pv - KD .......................................................... ( 7. 5. ) , , , .

70

.... n, q...... qn , . dq , dA = dq ........................................................................... ( 7. 6. ) , dWk = dAk .............................................................. (7. 7. ) n A = q ..................................................................... ( 7. 8. )k=1

, n W = q ............... ( 7. 9. )k=1

, . , . , , d W = KD dV ............................................... ( 7. 10. )

71

W = KD dV....................................................v

( 7. 11. )

!p = KD

Fg

6.1. . . (6.1.)

72

(7.11.) , , . , , . 1. , . . . , . . . . , .

73

6.3. . Pa = Pv + P sv ...........................................................( 7. 12. ) - Pa , - Pv , - P sv . Pv , . . , , . . . : , .

74

6.4. : - . , . , , .

75

6. 5. , , . , : - - . 1 . . h, , .

h

N x 10e^16 /m

6.2. 16. 2006. .

76

(6.2.) 260 . , , . . . , , . , , . 6. 6. . 10 22 . 10 22 . , , 16 , . , , , . .

77

6. 7. . . , . , . .

6.3

, . , .(6.3.)

78

6. 9. , , . . h F

p = KD V

6.4. , . (6.4.) . , . , V . V . .

79

7. ( 384322 ..) , , . , , . 19. , , , . , . , , , . , . , . . . , 1977. , .

80

7.1. , . , . , , . , , . . , . , , . , . . , . , . , , , , , . . . , . , , . .

81

, . 7.2. . . , . , , . , : Fe 16 + , Mg 10 + , C6+ Si 12+. . 22. 2001 ( CELIAS Image Gallery )

7.1. . (7.1.)

82

, , , , , . . .

7.2.

83

7.3. . . . 20. 2005. , 07,04 (UTC) 10720, 7.1. 20. 2005. 10720 .

7.3. - - .

84

.

7.4. 11 , , 100 MeV. , .(7.5.)

7.5.

85

, , , . 32 , .

7.6. . , . , . , . , , 16,45 (UTC), 21. 2005. , 80 , , . .

86

, 14. 2000. . , , , . (7.7.)

7.7. , 9 6 . . . , 50 500 . . 65. , .

87

, 16. , 14. 2000. . (7.8.)

7.8. 65. . , . , , . . .

88

, . , , . , , . , , . , . 7.4. : , .

6+

7.9. .

89

. . (7.10.)

7.10. . . . .5. , . . , . . , .

90

. . , . , = / dV...................................................................( 8.1.) - . dV n p = q Rk......................................................................( 8.2.) k=1 - q , , Rk , . n

q Rkk=1

= -------------dV

............................................................( 8.3.)

, . , .

91

, . (7.11.) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + ___ +++ ___ +++ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.11. , . , Kr Kr = Ko K ...................................................................( 8.4.) . , , , , . , .

92

7.6. , S, + Q - Q. F = -dW / dx = - Q / S .............................................( 8.5.) p = KD ....................................................................( 8.6.) ( 8.6.) , D. v div K = + v / o ......................................................( 8.7.) div K = + div div ( K + ) = D = K + .................................................................( 8.8.) D K. . , D , , . D , . , . , .

93

D , D. 7.7. . , . , . , . , , . , . , . , , . , , . , , , . . . , , .

94

, . , , , . . . (7.12.) .

7.12. , . , , . , . . . . . . .

95

7.8. , . . , . . . , . 100 40,6 (18,016 ), 100 + 40,6 J/mol. 6 J/mol. 25. 2005. 13, 45 , (UTC) , 3 , -71.21 , . , 70 , , . . .

96

.

1,25 x 10 e +06 (K)

3 x 10 e +05 (K)

5 x 10 e +04 (K)

7.13. . 10 100 . . , . . 2002. 4 .

97

: 1. , , ; ; ; .

2. 3. 4.

, . . . , , 10 . .

98

7.14. .

99

8. Ka . , . , . , . 50 , , 5 . , . . e , , . , , . , , . , , , . , , .

100

8.1. , . , . . . , . . , . . , . . . , , . , , , .

101

. , . , , . . .

8.1. (8.1.) . e .

102

. 65. . , , . .

8.2. 50 300 . (8.2.) , . .

8. 2.

103

. . (8.3.) , (8.2.) .

8.3.

, . 100 100 . , 120- .

104

, . , . 8. 3. , , . , . , 60 , .

8.4. . . (8.4.) , .

105

. . , . , . . , 18. 2005. , . . , 18. 2005. . 18 2005.

8.5.

106

Troms Geophysical Observatory.

18. 2005.

8.6. 8.4. : , . . , . , . 8.5. . . , .

107

. . . , . , . 300 380 . , 1000 .

8.7. . , .

108

, , . . , , , , . 8.6. . . , , , . , . . , .

h

8.8. .

109

. . , , e . . 8.7. , , . . .Proton Intensity [ particles / (m2 s sr MeV) ]

8.9.

110

e . , . , , , , . 8.8. . 89 12 . . . . , , . , . , , . . , , , .

111

8.9. .

8.10. . , . , . . . .

112

, . , , . , . , . . , , . . , , , , . . , , , , , .. , . , , .

113

8.10. . . . , . , , . , . 20 . , , , , . , , . . 8.11. . . h . h, +q, -q.

114

h , , , , . , F.

F

xh dx Fg

9.11. , , a F = - dW / dx.....................................................................( 9.2. ) , . .

115

, (5.8.) . p = KD ........................................................................( 9.3. ) - K D . 8.12. , m q F. F = q K............................................................................( 9. 4. ) . . m dx / dt = qKx ; m dy / dt = qKy; m dz / dt = qKz , dh, . d mv / 2 = q K d h.......................................................( 9. 5. ) h 1 h 2 h2

mv h 2 - mv h 1

=q

K dh ........................( 9. 6. )

h1 h 1 h 2. , .

116

. h 2 v = 2q/m [ h 1 - h 2 ].....................................( 9. 7 ) ( 9.7 ) h 2 , . , . k v = 2q/m [ h 1 - h 2 ] k.................................. ( 9.8 ) ( 9.8. ) , , . (9.8.) : ,

.

117

8.13. , . , . .

8.12. , . . . . , , . , , .

118

: - k ; - ; - - . , , . (8.12.) . , . . . . , . . , . , . . , . , . , (). , , . .

119

8.14. . , . , . . .

8.13. , , . . .

120

. , . , . 60 , 220 . . . . . . . . . , . .

121

8.15. , , , . .

1 p = KD

8.14. . . . . , .

122

, , . , , , , . . , , . . 50 . . , . . . , . . , .

123

9. , a, , . . . . 27 , 12 , 100 , , . . 12 . 100 , , . , , ? , . , , , .

124

. . 50 . . . 3 1 2 . . . . , . , . , . , . . , , . . , . , , , .

125

9. 1. , 9.1. , .

.9.1 . . . , . , .

126

9.2. 23. , . , , .

9.2. , . . , , . . . . Bz .

127

Bz , , . . +Bz -

-Bz -

9.3. , , , . , : .

128

, , . , , , , . , . , , , , .

N 9.4. , . :

129

9.3. . K , , . , , , . . Pe ( A ) Pe ( B )

Pa (A) Pa (B)

9.5. 10.5 . , , , , .

130

, , . . , , . (9.5.) . , . , , Pe . Pe . . (7.3.), , : P() = P + sv Pe() ............................( 10. 1.) P() = P + sv Pe() .............................( 10. 2.) : -P - ; -sv - , -Pe() - -Pe() - . P > P .....................................................................(10. 3. ) , , , , .

131

. , . , . .

9.4. , . , . , . . . , . . . , . , , , .

132

9.5. . .dx

a

9.6. a, . . . . r > a dI = B 2 r = oI....................................................(10.4.) c I gde je B = o 2 r , , r .

133

J r < a Ir gde je B = o .............................................. 2 I

(10.6.)

a

B

Bmax.

r a 9.7. .

134

9.6. Vr, Vc . Vc . .

Vc Vr Vc

B

9.8. . . .

135

, . . . q, m , , v. . v .

F = q v x B.................................................................. ( 10.7.) ( 2.1. ) . r m v/ r = q v B .............................................................. ( 10. 8.) , B , r = mv / qB .................................................................. ( 10.9.) , . .

136

T=2r/v =2m/qB ....................................... ( 10.10. )

f = 1 / T = q B / 2 m ..............................................( 10.11. ) . , , . B . . , , v . v B. v , v cos , v sin , , r r = 10.12.) , v , r. , , , . m v sin / q......................................................... (

137

. . V Vc

9.10. Vc, . Vp . , , , . , , , , . . , , .

138

, , . , , .

v

9.11. , , . , , . . .

139

9.7. , , . , .

9.12. u 9.12. -. -. , , - .

140

, , . . , . .

9.13. , , - -, . , 2006. . . .

141

9.8. . , , , . . , , 20 110 220 . , ,. . 9.8. . . , , . . , . . , , . . . .

142

, , . . . , , , ,

c

Bdl = ..........................................................

( 10.13.)

.

B dl =

dS ( 10.14.)

. . , , , .

143

, , . , , .

9.14.

: , , .

144 10

.

. , . . , -. . . , . , . , , . 10.1. . , , , , , . , , . , , . , . . , , .

145

10.1. . . , . . . , , . , , . . , , . , . + 5 - 5

10.1. .

F = q v x B = 0 .........................................................( 11.1.)

146

10. 2. , . . , . , , B .

10.2. . . . . , . .

147

10.3. , , . , , . . : - ; - ; - , , ; - ; - ; : , . ; - ; - .

148

Saffir-Simpson . 10.4.

Saffir-Simpson 1 2 3 4 5 m/s 33-42 43-49 50-58 59-69 70+ mb > 980 979-965 964-945 944-920 < 920 m/s 1.0-1.7 1.8-2.6 2.7-3.8 3.9-5.6 5.7+

10.4. . , , . . . , e . , , , . , , , , . . , - , .

149

.

10.5. . , .

150

10.5. , , , . , .

h

10.3. , . 50 . . . 26,5 . (1948. Palmen, 1979. Gray ). , , , .

151

10.6. 17 . 200 600 . , Saffir-Simpson- , 33 . . .

10.6. .

152

10.7. . . . , , .

10.7. .

153

, , . r, B 2r = o N ..............................................................(11.2.) I N . R

r

B 10.8. r . B = o NI / 2r ........................................................ (11.3.) .

154

B . B, , . . . , .

I

B

10.9. .

155

10.8. , . . , , , .

High resolution data from the NOAA

August 2005 10.10. . , .

29

156

. . . High resolution data from the NOAA 2nd December 1994

10.11. . , , .

157

. , , , . . , . .

10.12. , . . . , , , , (10.9.)

158

10.9. . , , . , . . 12 15 20 . 50 ,

High resolution data from the NOAA 29ndAugust 2005

10.13.

159

Fc, , . Bt

R Br

Fc

10.14.

, , , . . , , r, . . , Fc r , R. 15 30 100 . , , . , 500 1500 . , , .

160

10.10. . , , . . , .

5-7

10.15. 10.15. . . .

161

10.11. . . .

10.16. . , .

162

28 2004. , , .

.

10.17. . . . .

163

10.12. , , . , , . , , . . , , . , , r = mV / qB.

10.18.

164

. , . , . , , . . . , , .

165

11. 2000. . 2005. , , CIMSS. . a.

CIMSS 11.1. 28. 2005. . . 22. 1.50 UTC, , , , . , S583.

166

183 S583.

11.2. , S583, , 22. . . . , .

167

.

11.3. 23. 21,15 UTC 4.76, -33.83 . , 28 2005. 09,15 UTC + 8,44 73,76 , 12 . , .

168

, , , 18. , 27,056 . ,. S583, , . S583 , . , . .

11.4. S583 , . , S583, . Wilma .

169

, , 15. , . , . , . , .

11.5. 11.1. 2005. , 700mb . 2005. , W. . , , .

170 -73.76 81. 50 3 . , + 8.44 + 16,44 . 11.2. Katrina 28 2005. 09,15 UTC + 8,44 700mb 73,76 ; Rita 21. 2005. 08.45 UTC, 13,44 700mb 74.01 ; Wilma 19 2005. , 04,44 UTC, 700mb -81,59 , 21. , 16,44 . 700mb Wilma -33,19 , 50 . NATIONAL URRICANE CENTER MIAMI, 17. , TROPICAL STORM WILMA DISCUSSION NUMBER 7, : A TREMENDOUS BURST OF DEEP CONVECTION...WITH CLOUD TOPS AS COLD AS -87C TO89C. 700mb , . , , .

171

90 , , , 700mb . , . 90 -81.59

-33.19. 700mb

11.6. . , , , , , .

172

.

173

12. , . . , . , . . . , . . , i , . , , . . . 220 . , . , , , . , , .

174

a , . , . 12.1. (Rowland) , . . , . . . , , . a . , , . , dq dt . i = dq / dt...................................................................( 11.2.1. ) , e , . . , , e , , .

175

, , . , : . . , , . : . , . , . , , . . . , , . . , , , . , . , , , . .

176

12.2. . . , , . , , . . . . , , , , , .

1500 500

0 12 1.

177

, . . . . , , . , , , . , , .

12.2.

178

12.3. , , , . , . . .

12. 3. . , . , . , , , , .

179

.

++++ ++++ ++++ + + + + + +

Ko

- 12.4. . . , .

180

. . , . , . , , . , , , , . K , . . 12.4. . . . , , , . , , , . . , , . .

181

, , , . . . , . , .

++++++++++++++++++++_ + _ + _ + _ +

12.5. . Q. s . = s .................................................................(11.2.)

182

s Q = ------------ r ....................................................... (11.3.) 4o , s = - 1/3 P/o ........................................................... (11.4.) = + 1/3 P/o ..................................................(11.5.) . , , . , . , , , . . . , , . , , . . , , , . , , .

183

. , S1 S2 , . . 1 = - 2 ............................................................... (11.6) r1 r2 o .

nr1 r2S1

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +

S2 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

12.6. n , = 1 / 40 [ 1 dS1 / r1 + 2 dS2 / r2 ]..........(11.7.)S1 S2

= / 40 ( 1 / r1 - 1 / r2 ) dS .........................(11.8.)S

184

, . , a. . , , .

= 1 / 40 [ dV/ r + dS / r ].................(11.9.)V S

. . . dV dW = KD dV ........................................................... (11.10.) , , . , . n W = dV + dS ......................... (11.11.)v k=1 s

= divD ........................................................................(11.12.) W = DKdV ..............................................................(11.13.) v

185

, . . , . , , , . +++++++ ---------+++++++ ----------

12.7. . , . , . . , , . . +++++++ ---------+++++++ ----------

186 12.5. q1 q2, , = 1 / 40

r1 .

[ q1 r1 / r1 r1 + q2 r2 / r2 r2 ] ......(11.14.) r2

= 1 / 40 [ q1 / r1 + q2 / r2 ] .................... (11.15.) , , . , . . , , . , . , . , , 50 Gw . 5 10 Gw. 400 Gw . .

187

12.6. . . , , , . . , , . , , , . , , , . , , . = 30 V/cm. , , , 20 V/m 30 V/cm. ? . , , , , , . , . . . : . , .

188

, , . , . . , . . , , , , , , . 12.7. , , . . . , , . , . , , , . . . , , . , , .

189

12.8. . ? . , , , , . , . .

12.8. . , . , , .

190

, , , . , , . , . , , . , . e , J = di / dSn ..(11.5.1.) dSn di . N , a N e = N e v = ------ K / vt ..................................... (11.5.2.) 2m (11.5.2.) K. N e/ 2m / vt . , , . , . . , .

191

12.9. , . . , . , , . . , , .

12.9. .

192

. , , . , , . . , , . . , . r

max

12.10. . , , .

193

. . = B 2 r = o i ........................................... (11.6.1.) r . B = o I / 2 r ......................................................... (11.6.2.)

Bdl

( 2.3. ) r = mv / qB ................................................................... (11.6.4.)

, B . . , , . , . , , r . . , , , . : . , , .

194

, , . , , , . , . , . , , . . , . , , . , , , , , , . , , , , . , , ? . , . .

195

. , , , . , . , . . , . 12.10. , , . . . , . . , , . , , . , , , . , , . , . , .

196 , . . . .

12.11. .

197

13. . , . . o . . , , . . , . , . , , . . .

198

, . . , , , , . . : , , , , , , . 13.1. . , . , . , , , , , , . , . . , . , .

199

, , 10. 2003. e, . 0242 .

13.1 . , . 1100 840 . . .

200

2003. .

25

20

15

10 10-Jan 1-Apr 5

0

-5

-10 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

13.2. 13.2. 2003. . 10. 1. 2003. g a, . , . , . . . ? , , .

201

, 1978. 1982 . 1978. .30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 125

1978.

19-Jan 9-Apr

3

5

7

9

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

1982.

20

15

10 15-Jan 6-Apr 5

0

-5

-10 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

13.3. .

1978. 1982.

202

1982 - - .30

1986. god

25

20

15

16-Jan 7-Apr

10

5

0

-5 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

35

30

1983.

25

20 21-Feb-83 13-May-83

15

10

5

0

23.feb / 15. may t = 33,3 stepena

19 21 23 25 27

-5 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17

13.3. 1986. , , . . . -, - .

203

. , . , , . . .30

21-Jan-0625 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10

12-Apr-06

28- A p r

12- A p r 13- A p r

14- A p r 15- A p r

16- A p r 17- A p r

18- A p r 19- A p r

20- A p r 21- A p r

22- A p r 23- A p r

24- A p r 25- A p r

26- A p r 27- A p r

29- A p r 30- A p r

1-M ay

2-M ay

3-M ay

4-M ay

5-M ay

6-M ay

7-M ay

21- 22- 23- 24- 25- 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan FebFeb Feb FebFeb FebFeb FebFeb FebFeb FebFeb FebFeb Feb 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

13.3. 13.3. 2006. .

8-M ay

204

-, .30

1978. g.

30

1986.g

25

2003.g

25

25

20

2020

15

1515

10

1010

5

55

0

0

-5

-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0

-10

1 2 3 4 5 6 716-Jan 7-Apr

1 2 3 4 5 6 710-Jan 1-Apr

19-Jan

10-Apr

13.5. . - 1978. 27,0 ; - 1982. 28,0 ; - 1986. 27,9 ; - 2003. 26,6 . - 2006. 27,1 ; - 27,32 . . , , , , . - 27, 32, , 1 .

205

-, 1947. , 43,1 .30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

1947.

6-Jan 28-Mar

t = 43,1

13.6. , - .30

t = 21,8

1984.

25

20

15 24-Jan 14-Apr 10

5

0

-5 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

13.7.

206

13.2. , . 2004. , , , , , . . 27. 2003. 17. 2004. .

13. 8 . 0528 2170 .

207

, . 30

2004.god

25

20

15 27-Dec 17-Mar

10

5

0

-5

-10 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

13.9. . , , ; 2004. - .

208

, , 2 20 . . . , . , , , . , 5. 27 . 10 . . 19. 22. . . , . , , 19-, , . 1979. . 1979. , 1978. , 19- 24- .

209

1979. , , .25

1979.

20

15

10

5

8-Jan 24-Mar

0 og

-5

-10 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

13.10. 1979. . , 19- 1978, , , 2004. . 11. , 2004. 25 . , . .

210

15 , 12 . , . .30

1975.25

20

15

7-Jan-75 29-Mar-75

10

5

0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

13.10. , 1975. , , . . . . .

211

13.3. . , . , 13.9..

13.9. . . , , . , .

212

13. 4. . , . . . . , . , , . , , . . 2006. . . 2000. , , . , . , . .

213

13.5. , , . . . 23. , 2000. , , , 13- 26- .

13.10. . 8882 2850 .

214

- , . 2000. , 2002. . . . , , . . 2000. 2002. 2000.22

17 5-Mar-00 4-Mar-02 12

7

2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

13.11. 2002. . .

215

2002. , , 2004. , . 2002. 2004. 30

2002. . 2002. g

4-Mar-02 2-Mar-04

25

2004. 20

15

10

5 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

13.12. , , 13- 20- 21- 26- . 13.12. . 18- . 13- 16- 17- . 20- . , 21- , 24- . 25. .

216

. , . . 2004. 2002, . 2002. 2006. , , 2002. 2006. 30

2002. 2002. g

4-Mar-02 1-Mar-06

25

2006. 20

15

10

5

0 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

13.13. 16- 2006. 2002... 18. 2004. 2006. , . 18. , , .

217

? , , . .25

2004. god.20

15

10

2-Mar-04 1-Mar-06

5

0

-5 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

13.14. . 18- 2002. 2004. . , 2002. 10,3 , 2004. 13,8 2006. 17,6 . , , 2002. 2004. , 3,5 2004. 2006. 3,8 . .

218

. 2002. 24,7 2004. 22,0 2006. 18,6 13.15. 18 12,9 8,2 1,0 22,0 20,1 9,9

. , . , . . . -- . .

219

13.6. . , . , . 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 28. 2005. 3. 1999.

1999. 2005.

13.16. , 1999. 2005. . 4-, 10- 15- .

220

, 1999. 2005. . , . , . . 1999. , 2005. . . , . 10- 2001., 2002. 2003. , .35

30

25 2001 2002 2003 20

15

21 2001. 10

7. 2002.

20. 2003.

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

13.17.

221

13.7. . . , . , .35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 5-Jan 27-Mar 30. 1939.

1939.g

13.17. , , . , , . , 1- , .

222

2003. 2003. , 20. 2003. .40

35

3. 2003.

2003.

30 14-Aug-03 25 19,8 20 20. 2003. . , 20. 2003. 15 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7

40

1944.

35

30 17avg1944 25

20

4. sept 1944.

15 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

13.17. 2003. - . 1944. 2003. .

223

20 28 45 26. 2000.

40

35 2-Aug-00 30

25

2000.

20 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

35.0 33.0 31.0 29.0 27.0 25.0 23.0 21.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3

22. 2004.

30-Jul-04

2004.

2 5

13.17. - . .

2 7

224

13.7. 2800 MHz ( ), . , . . , . 2004.180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

2004.

27-Dec 17-Mar

13.19. . , .

225

13.20. , , , . .

226

13.9. . . . , . , . . , .

13.21. , , .

227

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