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8/13/2019 temporary injunction -project
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TTEMPORARYEMPORARYIINJUNCTIONNJUNCTION
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW & LEGAL STUDIES,
GGSIPU.
Project on
Temporary Injunction
Submitted by:
Part Se!"a#
I$t Se!e%ter
..A. LL..'HONS() Ro## No.* +-+/+0
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INDEX
Intro12ct3on444444444444444444444444444444./
O5ject o6 te!7orar8
3nj2nct3on44444444444444444444
Part3e%
3n9o#9e14444444444444444444444444444.
-
Pr3nc37#e%
3n9o#9e144444444444444444444444444..-
Grant o6
Inj2nct3on44444444444444444444444444...-
E: 7arte
Inj2nct3on44444444444444444444444444..;
reac o63nj2nct3on44444444444444444444444444;
Inj2nct3on on 3n%2663c3ent
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Te!7orar8 Inj2nct3on S23t 'Sa!7#e(
44444444444444444>
Introduction
An injunction is a judicial process whereb a part is re!uired to do" or to re#rain #ro$ doin%"
an particular act& It is a re$ed in the #or$ o# an order o# the court addressed to a particular
person that either prohibits hi$ #ro$ doin% or continuin% to do a particular act 'prohibitor
injunction() or orders hi$ to carr out a certain act '$andator injunction(&*An injunction
co$$ands an act that the court re%ards as essential to justice" or it prohibits an act that is
dee$ed to be contrar to %ood conscience& It is an e+traordinar re$ed" reser,ed #or special
circu$stances in which the te$porar preser,ation o# the status !uo is necessar&-
Injunction can be o# the #ollowin% tpes.
Preli$inar/ Apreliminaryor temporary injunctionis a pro,isional re$ed that is
in,o0ed to preser,e the subject $atter in its e+istin% condition& Its purpose is to pre,ent
Halsburys Laws of England'>tE1n.( Vo#. =>, 7ara 0+.=tt7?@@#e
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dis/solution o# the plainti##1s ri%hts& The $ain reason #or use o# a preli$inar injunction
is the need #or i$$ediate relie#&
Pre,enti,e Injunctions/ An injunction directin% an indi,idual to re#rain #ro$ doin% an
act ispreventive, prohibitive, prohibitory" or negative.This tpe o# injunction pre,ents a
threatened injur" preser,es the status !uo" or restrains the continued co$$ission o# an
on%oin% wron%" but it cannot be used to redress a consu$$ated wron% or to undo that
which has alread been done&
Mandator Injunctions/ Althou%h the court is ,ested with wide discretion to #ashion
injuncti,e relie#" it is also restricted to restraint o# a conte$plated or threatened action& It
also $i%ht co$pel speci#ic per#or$ance o# an act& In such a case" it issues a $andator
injunction" co$$andin% the per#or$ance o# a positi,e act& 2ecause $andator
injunctions are harsh" courts do not #a,or the$" and the rarel %rant the$&
Per$anent Injunctions/ Apermanentorperpetualinjunction is one that is %ranted b the
jud%$ent that ulti$atel disposes o# the injunction suit" ordered at the ti$e o# #inal
jud%$ent& This tpe o# injunction $ust be #inal relie#& Per$anent injunctions are
perpetual" pro,ided that the conditions that produced the$ re$ain per$anent&3
In the #ollowin% project we will #ocus on the concept o# temporary injunctions&
Temporary Injunction
Te$porar Injunction can be de#ined as"
temporary injunctionn& a court order prohibitin% an action b a part to a lawsuit until
there has been a trial or other court action& A te$porar injunction di##ers #ro$ a
4te$porar restrainin% order4 which is a short/ter$" stop/%ap injunction issued pendin% a
hearin%" at which ti$e a te$porar injunction $a be ordered to be in #orce until trial&
/tt7?@@#a".jranB.or
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The purpose o# a te$porar injunction is to $aintain the status !uo and pre,ent
irreparable da$a%e or chan%e be#ore the le%al !uestions are deter$ined& A#ter the trial
the court $a issue a 4per$anent injunction4 '$a0in% the te$porar injunction a lastin%
rule( or 4dissol,e4 'cancel( the te$porar injunction&5
In the Code o# Ci,il Procedure"*678" Order 999I9 Rule */ relatin% to te$porar injunctions
pro,ides" in $aterial part" as #ollows.
Cases in which temporary injunction may be granted
:here in an suit it is pro,ed b a##ida,it or otherwise/
a( that an propert in dispute in a suit is in dan%er o# bein% wasted" da$a%ed or
alienated b an part to the suit" or wron%#ull sold in e+ecution o# a decree" or
b( that the de#endant threatens" or intends" to re$o,e or dispose o# his propert with
a ,iew to de#raudin% his creditors"
c( that the de#endant threatens to dispossess the plainti## or otherwise cause injur
to the plainti## in relation to an propert in dispute in the suit"
the Court $a be order %rant a te$porar injunction to restrain such act" or $a0e
such other order #or the purpose o# stain% and pre,entin% the wastin%" da$a%in%"
alienation" sale" re$o,al or disposition o# the propert or dispossession o# the
plainti##" or otherwise causin% injur to the plainti## in relation to an propert in
dispute in the suit as the Court thin0s #it" until the disposal o# the suit or until #urther
orders&
Te$porar injunctions are %ranted on the basis o# a pri$a #acie case" until the case is heard and
decided on its $erits& ;or instance" there $a be need to pre,ent #raudulent re$o,al or disposal
o# propert" or wron%#ul sei
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Object of temporary injunction
Te$porar injunction is %ranted as in interi$ $easure on an application b the plainti## to
preser,e the status !uo until the case is heard and decided& In %rantin% te$porar injunction" the
court ta0es into consideration the pri$a #acie case o# the plainti##" nature and e+tent o# his
injur" balance o# con,enience and the e+istence or otherwise o# the alternati,e re$ed&=
=I. P. a%%e8,Administrative Law, tE1., Ea%tern ooB Co!7an8, L2cBno" '=++;(, 7 >=>.
-
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Parties involved
Re%ardin% the point as to who $a appl #or such an injunction" it is not the plainti## alone who
can appl& A de#endant $a also $a0e an application #or %rant o# an injunction a%ainst the
plainti##&>
An injunction $a be issued onl a%ainst a part and not a%ainst a stran%er or a third part&?It
also cannot be issued a%ainst a court or judicial o##icer& Nor$all" injunction can be %ranted
a%ainst persons within the jurisdiction o# the court concerned&8
Principles Involved
The principles %o,ernin% the %rantin% o# injunction are well/settled& The power is discretionar
to be e+ercised on sound judicial principles&6The object is to preser,e while ri%hts are bein%
liti%ated and the onus is on the plainti## to show his need #or the injunction& :here no ,iolation
o# the ri%hts o# the plainti## was in,ol,ed" interi$ injunction could not be %ranted&*7
The decidin% application #or interi$ injunction" the Court is to see onlprima faciecase" and
not to record #indin% on the $ain contro,ers in,ol,ed in the suit" prejud%in% issue in the $ain
suit" in the latter e,ent" the order is liable to be set aside&**
Grant of Injunction
It is well/settled principle o# law that interi$ order can alwas be %ranted in the aid o# and as
ancillar to the $ain relie# a,ailable to the part on #inal deter$ination o# his ri%hts in a suit or
-
Rattu9.Mala, AIR 0-; Raj ==) Varghese 9.Joseph Thomas, AIR 0 TC=;-) Muniipal!orpn" of #reater $ombay9.$hagwan %a&haram %alas&ar, AIR 0> o! ==.L" '" Meston %hool %oiety 9. (ashi )ath, AIR 0 A## ;) *a&ira 9. Rumsu&hibai, AIR0>- Na< >=;? ILR 0>- Na< 0+;) Marwari %abha 9. (anhaya Lal, AIR 0/ A## =0;.;+" Ven&atahalan 9. Ra,agpala )aidu, AIR 0/= a1 +) T" A" Menon 9. (" +" +arvathi
Ammal, AIR 0+ a1 //.0%ubba9. Ha,i, =- -;) %urendrasingh9. Lal, A 0 P ;) #anpati +la-a Maintenane%oiety 9. ("(" !omple. +vt" Ltd", =++= '( Raj LW ; ';( 'Raj(.+Hans Ra, 9.J"(" (hatri, AIR 000 De# />-.(alima +lasti +vt" Ltd" 9. H"+" *inanial !orpn", AIR =++ HP =0 '/(.
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an other proceedin%&*-There#ore" a court undoubtedl possess the power to %rant interi$ relie#
durin% the pendenc o# the suit&*3The Court has discretion as to whether or not to %rant an
Injunction& A 0e #actor is whether or not da$a%es are an ade!uate re$ed& The Court will onl
%rant the Injunction in circu$stances where da$a%es would not be su##icient&*5Trial courtshould reali+) 1T/ 9. M"(" Mohd" 2n3, AIR 0-0 SC >/+? '0-0( = SCR -) Tan2%ree9. 1shani +rasad, '=++;( >SCC 0? AIR =++; SC 0+0.
;
http://www.cobbetts.com/OurServices/DisputeResolution/FactSheetInjunctionshttp://www.cobbetts.com/OurServices/DisputeResolution/FactSheetInjunctionshttp://www.cobbetts.com/OurServices/DisputeResolution/FactSheetInjunctions8/13/2019 temporary injunction -project
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re,ision would be entertainable under section **=&*?uch an order is not re,isable under section
**= o# the Code o# Ci,il Procedure" or under Article --? o# the Constitution& *8
An order on the injunction application does not dispose o# the suit& It also does not dispose o#
that application either& In case the injunction application were to be rejected or allowed it woulddispose o# the application but such an order would be appealable and hence not open to re,ision&
@owe,er" i# an e+ parte injunction is not %ranted and onl notice is issued on the injunction
application it would not dispose o# the application as #inal orders on the injunction application
are et to be passed a#ter in,itin% objections o# the opposite part and the injunction application
re$ains pendin%&*6
Interim ex parte orders of Injunction
The power to pass interi$ ex parteorders o# injunction does e$anate #ro$ Order 36" Rule *& In
#act the said rule is the repositor o# the power to %rant orders o# te$porar injunction with or
without notice" interi$ or te$porar" or till #urther orders or till the disposal o# the suit&-7To
appeal a%ainst the order passed in e+ercise o# the abo,e power 'as indicated in Order 53" Rule *
o# the Code(" it is the choice o# the part a##ected b the a##ected part either to $o,e the
appellate Court or to approach the sa$e Court which passed the ex parte order #or an relie#&-*
Breach of injunction
ection 65'c( and Rule -/A o# Order 36 pro,ide #or the conse!uences resultin% #ro$ a
disobedience or breach o# an order o# injunction issued b the court& The penalt $a be either
arrest o# the opponent or attach$ent o# his propert or both& @owe,er" the detention in ci,il
%atya +ra&ash 9. *irst Addl 'istt Judge0 Etah AIR =++= A## 0;. c.6.;!" )agarathnamma 9. 'istrit +anhayat /ffier0 !hittoor, AIR 00 AP />=) (amini $ale+atra9. #onrahari +atra, AIR =++/ Or3 -.*6S.. Sar9ar3a an1 Sn3=/.=
0
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prison shall not e+ceed three $onths and the attach$ent o# propert shall not re$ain in #orce #or
$ore than a ear&--
Injunction on insufficient grounds
:here in an suit in which an order o# te$porar injunction has been obtained b the plainti##
on insu##icient %rounds" or where the suit o# the plainti## #ails and it appears to the court that
there was no reasonable or probable %round #or institutin% it" on application bein% $ade b the
de#endant" the court $a order the plainti## to pa such a$ount" not e+ceedin% #i#t thousand
rupees" as it dee$s to be a reasonable co$pensation to the de#endant #or the e+pense or injur
includin% injur to reputation caused to hi$&-3
ase !a"s
The object o# the interlocutor injunction is" to protect the plainti## a%ainst injur b ,iolation o#
his ri%ht #or which he could not be ade!uatel co$pensated in da$a%es reco,erable in the
action i# the uncertaint were resol,ed in his #a,our at the trial&-5
Brant o# an interi$ relie# in re%ard to the nature and e+tent thereo# depends upon the #acts and
circu$stances o# each case as no strait/jac0et #or$ula can be laid down&There $a be a situationwherein the de#endantrespondent $a use the suit propert in such a $anner that the situation
beco$es irretrie,able& In such a #act situation" interi$ relie# should be %ranted&-=
In &M& Deche$ td& Fs& Ms& Cadbur 'India( td&->it was said that the %rant o# te$porar
injunction" is %o,erned b three basic principles" i&e& pri$a #acie case) balance o# con,enience)
and irreparable injur" which are re!uired to be considered in a proper perspecti,e in the #acts
==
R. =*A'() See a#%o Tayabbhai m" bagasarwalla 9. Hind Rubber 1ndustries 3+4 Ltd", '00( /SCC >>/? AIR 00 Sc =>+) +atel Ra,ni&ant 9. +atel !handra&ant" !"f" C. . TaB"an3, !ivil+roedure, -tE1. '=+(, Ea%tern ooB Co!7an8, L2cBno", 7 />=.=/S. 0, c.6. C. . TaB"an3, !ivil +roedure, -tE1. '=+(, Ea%tern ooB Co!7an8, L2cBno",77 />=*/>/.=>SeeAnand +rasad Agarwalla9. %tate of Assam vs" Tar&eshwar +rasad 5 /rs. AIR =++ SC=/-) an1 $ara& 6patya&a '"6" (armahari %anstha'=++0( SCC -0>(.=See M" #urudas 5 /rs"9. Rasaran,an 5 /rs"0AIR =++- SC /=) an1 %hridevi 5 Anr"9.Muralidhar 5 Anr"'=++( > SCC =.=-AIR =+++ SC =>. See a#%o Anan1 Pra%a1 A
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and circu$stances o# a particular case& 2ut it $a not be appropriate #or an court to hold a $ini
trial at the sta%e o# %rant o# te$porar injunction&
In Col%ate Pal$oli,e 'India( td& Fs& @industan e,er td& -?"the upre$e Court obser,ed that
the other considerations which ou%ht to wei%h with the Court hearin% the application or petition
#or the %rant o# injunctions are as below.
i& E+tent o# da$a%es bein% an ade!uate re$ed)
ii& Protect the plainti##Gs interest #or ,iolation o# his ri%hts thou%h howe,er ha,in% re%ard to
the injur that $a be su##ered b the de#endants b reason thereo# )
iii& The court while dealin% with the $atter ou%ht not to i%nore the #actu$ o# stren%th o# one
partGs case bein% stron%er than the others)
i,& No #i+ed rules or notions ou%ht to be had in the $atter o# %rant o# injunction but on the
#acts and circu$stances o# each case/ the relie# bein% 0ept #le+ible)
,& The issue is to be loo0ed #ro$ the point o# ,iew as to whether on re#usal o# the
injunction the plainti## would su##er irreparable loss and injur 0eepin% in ,iew the
stren%th o# the partiesG case)
,i& 2alance o# con,enience or incon,enience ou%ht to be considered as an i$portant
re!uire$ent e,en i# there is a serious !uestion or pri$a #acie case in support o# the %rant)
,ii& :hether the %rant or re#usal o# injunction will ad,ersel a##ect the interest o# %eneral
public which can or cannot be co$pensated otherwise&H
In Dalpat u$ar Anr& Fs& Prahlad in%h Ors&-8"the upre$e Court e+plained the scope o#
a#oresaid $aterial circu$stances" but obser,ed as under./
The phrases prima facie case!, balance of convenience! and irreparable loss! are
not rhetoric phrases for incantation, but words of width and elasticity, to meet myriad
situations presented by man!s ingenuity in given facts and circumstances, but always is
=AIR 000 SC /+.=;AIR 00/ SC =-.
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hedged with sound exercise of judicial discretion to meet the ends of justice. The facts
rest elo"uent and speak for themselves. #t is well nigh impossible to find from facts
prima facie case and balance of convenience.$
The Court in Manohar al Chopra Fs& Rai 2ahadur Rao Raja eth @ira al-6" held that the ci,il
court has a power to %rant interi$ injunction in e+ercise o# its inherent jurisdiction e,en i# the
case does not #all within the a$bit o# pro,isions o# Order 36 Code o# Ci,il Procedure&
In Deoraj ,s& tate o# Maharashtra Ors&37" upre$e Court considered a case where the courts
below had re#used the %rant o# interi$ relie#& :hile dealin% with the appeal" the Court obser,ed
that ordinaril in e+ercise o# its jurisdiction under Art&*3> o# the Constitution" this Court does
not inter#ere with the orders o# interi$ nature passed b the @i%h Court& @owe,er" this rule o#
discretion #ollowed in practice is b wa o# just sel#/i$posed restriction& An irreparable injur
which #orcibl tilts the balance in #a,our o# the applicant" $a persuade the Court e,en to %rant
an interi$ relie# thou%h it $a a$ount to %rantin% the #inal relie# itsel#& The Court held as
under./
The Court would grant such an interim relief only if satisfied that withholding of it
would prick the conscience of the court and do violence to the sense of justice, resulting
in injustice being perpetuated throughout the hearing, and at the end the court would
not be able to vindicate the cause of justice.$
In the case o# ;& @o##$ann/A Roche ,& Cipla" the Appellants" Roche td&" the icensor o# a
patent relatin% to the dru% Erlotinib used #or cancer treat$ent and OI Phar$aceuticals Inc&" the
holder o# the patent o# the said dru%" had #iled an in#rin%e$ent suit a%ainst the Respondent"
Cipla td& An application #or te$porar injunction durin% the pendenc o# the suit was #iled b
the appellants" which was rejected b the in%le Jud%e and there#ore an appeal was #iled& As the
Appellant #ailed to show pri$a #acie case and as the %rant o# injunction re%ardin% a li#e sa,in%
dru% was not in #a,our o#public interest" the rejection o# the te$porar injunction was upheld
b the Court&
=0AIR 0-= SC =./+AIR =++> SC 0.
=
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onclusion
The law on the issue e$er%es to the e##ect that interi$ injunction should be %ranted b the Court
a#ter considerin% all the pros and cons o# the case in a %i,en set o# #acts in,ol,ed therein on the
ris0 and responsibilit o# the part or" in case he loses the case" he cannot ta0e an ad,anta%e o#
the sa$e& The order can be passed on settled principles ta0in% into account the three basic
%rounds i&e& pri$a #acie case" balance o# con,enience and irreparable loss& The dela in
approachin% the Court is o# course a %ood %round #or re#usal o# interi$ relie#" but in e+ceptional
circu$stances" where the case o# a part is based on #unda$ental ri%hts %uaranteed under the
Constitution and there is an apprehension that suit propert $a be de,eloped in a $anner that
it ac!uires irretrie,able situation" the Court $a %rant relie# e,en at a belated sta%e pro,ided the
court is satis#ied that the applicant has not been ne%li%ent in pursuin% the case&
/
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Bibliography
Books
&& ar,aria and ni%dha ar,aria"%ulla&The Code of Civil 'rocedure" Fol& *" *?th
Ed&" e+is Ne+is 2utterworths" New Delhi '-77?(&
C& & Ta0wani" Civil 'rocedure" >thEd&" Eastern 2oo0 Co$pan" uc0now '-7**(&
I& P& Masse"(dministrative )aw" ?thEd&" Eastern 2oo0 Co$pan" uc0now '-778(&
Articles
)itigating in India" Maj$udar Co&
Websites
http.indianlawcases&co$/Te$porarK-7Injunction
http.www&lawis%ree0&co$injunction/an/e!uitable/le%al/re$ed
http.www&cobbetts&co$Ourer,icesDisputeResolution;actheetInjunctions
http.le%al/dictionar&the#reedictionar&co$TpesLo#LInjunction
http.www&,a0ilno*&co$bareactsci,ilproceduresORDER999I9&ht$
http.law&jran0&or%pa%es?>5?Injunction/Tpes/Injunction&ht$l
>