Telecom Networks Funddamentals Media

8/8/2019 Telecom Networks Funddamentals Media

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Succeeding with Technology

Telecom, Wireless &

Networks

Fundamentals

Media, Devices, and Software

Wireless Telecommunications

Networks and Distributed Computing

Please discontinue use of cell

phone and turn off ringer

Chapter 5


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5.1

Fundamentals of

Telecommunications

Telecommunications

Networking mediaAnalog signal

Digital signal

Bandwidth Broadband

Key Terms


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Telecommunications

Telecommunications: The electronic

transmission of signals over a medium

for communications.

(cables or air)

Sender and Receiver must speak the same language.


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Types of Signals Analog Signal:

transmit sound

using continuouslyvarying levels of

voltage.

Digital Signal:

transmits data usingtwo discrete states of

voltage: high and low


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Signal Frequency Frequency: the speed at which a signal

changes from high to low.

Bandwidth: the range of signal frequenciesthat can be sent over a given medium at the

same time. Often expressed as bits per second

Broadband: faster than 200Kbps


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5.2

Networking Media,

Devices, and Software

Twisted pair cable

Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable

Radio wave

Modem

Network adapter

Microwave transmission Communications satellite

Ethernet

Key Terms

The fundamental components of

telecommunications networks


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Networking Media Twisted Pair Cable

Used for traditional phone lines, twisted pairs of

wires in plastic sheathing.

Coaxial CableUsed for home cable TV, thick copper core wire faster than twisted pair.

FiberOptic CableThin strands of glass are used to send light beams

highest bandwidth cable, most expensive.

Radio WavesElectromagnetic waves transmitted through the air

at various frequencies.


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Radio Waves Radio waves use differing frequencies to carry

many types of information: AM & FM Radio

Short Wave & CB Radio

Television Broadcasts Garage Doors Openers

Baby Monitors

Cordless Phones

Cell Phones

Radio Controlled Cars and Airplanes

Global Positioning Systems

Wireless Computer Networks

Microwave Communications

http://www.nrpb.org/understand/radiowaves/radiowaves.htm

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/radio-spectrum1.htm


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EHF

SHFUHF

VHF

HF

MFLF

VLF

AM Radio (535-1700 kHz)

FM Radio (88-108 MHz)

CB Radio (26.96-27.41 MHz)

TV CH 2-6 (54-88 MHz)

TV CH 7-13 (174-220 MHz)

Cordless Phones (40-50 MHz)

Cell Phones (824-849 MHz)

Air traffic Control (960-1,215 MHz)Global Positioning System 1.23 and 1.58 GHz

10 kHz

30 kHz

300kHz

3 MHz

30 MHz

328.6 MHz

2.9 GHz

30 GHz

900-MHz cordless phones

Deep space radio communications (2.29-2.3 GHz)

The Radio Spectrum

Wi-fi Wireless Networks (2.4 GHz)

300 GHz

http://www.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/


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Networking Devices Modem: modulates and demodulates

signals from one form to another.

Network Adapter: Expansion card, or

external device installed on a computingdevice used to connect to a network.


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Networking Devices Network Control Devices:

Hub/Switch

Controls flow of data betweendevices on a network

Router

Routs packets to destinations and

connects one network to another

Wireless Access Point

Allows devices to connect

wirelessly to a wired network


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13

High-frequency radio signals sent

up to 30 miles through the air.



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14


Line-of-sight communications


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15

Microwave CommunicationsSatelliteTransmission

Line-of-sight required


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Networking Software

Network administrators are

responsible for setting up and

maintaining the network.A network operating system

coordinates the network components

to support telecommunications. Ethernetis the most widely used

network standard for private networks.


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Review


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5.3

Wireless

Telecommunications

Technologies

Cellular network

Cellular carrier Global positioning system

Wireless fidelity (wi-fi)

WiMAX

Bluetooth Radio frequency identification

Key Terms


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Cell Phone Technologies

A cellular networkis a radio network in

which a geographic area is divided into

cells, with a transmission tower and

station at the center of each cell, to

support mobile communications.


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A cellular carrier is a company that

builds and maintains a cellular

network and provides cell phone

service to the public.


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GSM and CDMA

Digital networking standards for

cell phone networks are GSM

and CDMA.

GSMis the most popular global

standard for mobile phones

The CDMA networking standard

is predominantly used in theUnited States where it is in equal

competition with GSM.

CDMA GSM

Verizon

Sprint

Nextel

Cingular

AT&T

T-Mobile


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GSM and CDMA

GSM Phones include a subscriber

identity module (SIM) for security and

convenient data transfer between

phones.

CDMA GSM

Verizon

Sprint

Nextel

Cingular

AT&T

T-Mobile


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Consumers choose a carrier based

on coverage area, handsets

available, and services provided

service contracts are typically for

two years.


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Learn about Service Plans,

Handsets, Features, and Services

by clicking the logos below.


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Cell phone accessories provide added

features for example A 2 GB mini SD memory card can provide ample storage

digital photos, music, and video files. A Bluetooth headset allows you to interact with your

phone without taking it out of your pocket.

Car chargers allow you to

charge your cell phone from

your car power supply. Assorted cases protect cell

phones from damage and

make them handy to access.


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Wireless Technologies

Aircraft Navigation

The Global Positioning System

(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the

location of receivers on earth.


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location of receivers on earth. Seacraft Autopilot


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Automobile Navigation





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Handheld Navigation





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Child Safety





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Emergency Call





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Wireless Fidelity(IEEE 802.11), orWi-fi, is

wireless networking technology that makes use

of access points to connect devices to

networks.

Access

Point

250-1,000 ft range

802.11b 4.5 Mbps

802.11g 11 Mbps

www.boingo.com

http://talgov.com/cit

ytlh/utilities/ubcs/canopy.html


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WiMAX(IEEE 802.16) is the

next generation broadband

technology that is both faster andhas a longer range than Wi-fi

31 miles!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAXSeattles Space Needle ToBecome WiMax Antenna


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Bluetooth is wireless technology

that enables a wide variety of

digital devices to communicate

directly. 33 ft range

1 Mbps

www.bluetooth.com


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Bluetooth


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Infrared (IrDA) technology utilizes infrared

rays to send data over a short distance

wirelessly. 14 ft range

Narrow-angle cone (30o)

Line-of-sight

4-16 Mbps

www.mzoop.com


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Wireless Comparison

Wi-fi Access

point

centered

LAN

Omni-

direction

Through

obstructions

250 ft

range

indoors

11 Mbps

Bluetooth Point-to-

point

Omni-

direction

Through

obstructions

33 ft 1 Mbps

Infrared Point-to-

point

Narrow-

angle

Line-of-sight 14 ft 4 Mbps


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Radio Frequency ID (RFID) uses

tiny transponders in tags that can

be attached to merchandise or

other objects and read using anRFID receiver or reader for the

purpose of identification.

Privacy issues hold this

technology back from item-levellabeling and barcode

replacement.

http://www.rfidjournal.com/


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Review


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5.4

Networks and Distributed

Computing

Personal Area Network

Local Area Network Intranet

VirtualPrivate Network

Metropolitan Area Network

Wide Area Network

Key Terms


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Computer Network Concepts

Distributed Computingrefers to a computingenvironment that includes

multiple remote computersthat work together to solveproblems and provideservices.

Database Servers

Application Servers

File Servers

Print Servers


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Network Types

Personal Area Network(PAN)

The wireless interconnection of

personal information technologydevices within the range of an

individual.

Mostly associated with Bluetooth

technology

http://www.scottevest.com/v3_product_info/features.shtml


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Network Types

Personal Area Network (PAN) Alternate

Definition

The human body is used to conduct a minimalelectric current to transfer information from one

individuals device to anothers. The original PAN wasdesigned by Thomas

Zimmerman and allowed

users to pass digital

electronic information

through touch, by transferringinformation from one

persons device to anothers,

running a subtle current

through the body.

http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/user/pan/pan.html


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Exchange emails throughhandshake

TWO Japanese telecoms giants have developed technology that turns the human body

into a broadband-paced link that allows e-mail addresses to be exchanged through a

simple handshake, a report said Monday.The technology, developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. and its subsidiary

NTT DoCoMo Inc., uses the body's conductivity and adds the smarts of a personal digital

assistant (PDA), the Nihon Keizai Shimbun said.

A device attached to a PDA can send and receive weak electrical signals through people,

with human bodies as communications circuits, the paper said, citing sources close to

the companies.

Apparel and handbags have their own conductivity, allowing an electrical connection to a

PDA that can remain in one's pocket, the paper said.In this way, people can exchange e-mail addresses, names and phone numbers while

shaking hands, with the data automatically written into both their PDAs, the paper said.

The companies have confirmed in an experiment that data can be transmitted at 10

megabits per second, comparable to the speed of a broadband Internet connection, it

said.

The technology could allow data communications through door knobs, switches, desks

and chairs, the paper said. It could pave the way to one day being able to pass through

railway ticket gates or entering secure buildings with a simple touch. It could also get acomputer to start up with the proper settings as soon as the user sat down, the paper

said.

Agence France-Presse

See also

Microsoft patents body power


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Network Types

Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects computer systems and devices

within a common geographic area


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System Administrator

Local Area Network

Star

topology

Bus

topology

Servers

Wireless

access point

switch


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Network Types

Intranet

A private network that utilizes Internet

and Web protocols and software.

Virtual Private Network(VPN)

Uses the Internet to connect an

organizations networks dispersed aroundthe world into one large intranet.


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Network Types

A Metropolitan Area Network

(MAN) connects networks within

a city or metropolitan-size areainto a larger high-speed network.


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router

router

Wide Area NetworkConnects LANs between cities,

cross country, and around the

world using microwave and

satellite transmission or

telephone lines.FSU Tallahassee LAN

FSU Panama City LAN

Network Types


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A Global Network(International

Network) is a WAN that crosses

National boundaries.

Network Types


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Network Types

Electronic Data Interchange, orEDI, uses

networked systems and follows standards

and procedures that allow output from one

system to be processed directly as input to

other systems, without human participation.


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Installing Home Wi-fi

Requirements High-speed Internet

Cable Modem or DSL

Modem (provided beISP)

Wireless AccessPoint/Router

Wireless adapters for

each device. Additional Access Points

as needed. Cable Modem

Wireless AccessPoint / Router

To Cable Co.

Wireless home media: http://www.apple.com/airportexpress


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Review


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S di ith T h l

Chapter 5 Questions?

Dont forget to turn

your phone on!!

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Telecom Networks Funddamentals Media