Tehnologija Zavarivanja Mara Ćorić

STRUNI STUDIJ STROJARSTVA

Sadraj
/. UVOD......................................................................................................................................0
1. LIJEVANJE..............................................................................................................................2
6. <AKLJUAK.........................................................................................................................//
>. LITERATURA......................................................................................................................./1
1. UVOD
/7red,et o*o r"d" (e pr#-")"t# osno*ne def#n#c#(e I -"r"-ter#st#-e !#(e*"n("?top!#ns-e
or"de # po*r5#ns-e )"5t#te @#(e (e r"d#*o o%'*"$eno o*#, -o!e#(e, Te'no!o#(" )"*"r#*"n(".
Fakultet strojarstva i raunarstva, Mostar Page 2

Zavarivanje (e sp"("n(e d*"(% #!# *#5e? #storodn#' #!# r")norodn#' ,"ter#("!"? t"!(en(e,
#!# pr#t#s-o,? s" #!# e) dod"*"n(" dod"tno ,"ter#("!"? n" n"@#n d" se do#(e 'o,oen# )"*"ren#
spo(. <"*"r#*"n(e (e % dr%-@#(e od!e,!(en("? " to (e sp"("n(e t"!(en(e, !e%re s n##, t"!#5te, od
,"ter#("!" pred,et" -o(# se sp"("(%.
R")!#@#t# #)*or# ener#(e se ,o% -or#st#t# )" )"*"r#*"n(e? -"o 5to (e ,!")
*r%$#' p!#no*" +p!#ns-# p!",en #!# ,!") p!"),e? e!e-tr#@n# !%- ? to- n"#(en#' @est#c"
+,!") e!e-tron" #!# #on" % *"-%%,%? to-o*# )r"@en(" +!"ser ?e!e-tr#@n" str%(" +e!e-trootporno
)"*"r#*"n(e? tren(e? %!tr")*%- # s!. <"*"r#*"n(e se ,oe o"*!("t# % r"d#on#c#? n" ot*oreno,
prostor%? % *od# #!# % s*e,#r%.
S*e do -r"(" /B. sto!(e$"? (ed#no (e #!o po)n"to -o*"@-o )"*"r#*"n(e? s -o(#,
s% -o*"@# sto!(e$#," sp"("!# e!(e)o# @e!#- r#("n(e, # %d"r"n(e, @e-#$". E!e-tro!%@no
)"*"r#*"n(e # p!#ns-o )"*"r#*"n(e -#s#-o, s% #!# ,eC% pr*#, post%pc#," -o(# s% se r")*#!# % 1=.
sto!(e$%. N"-on to" s% se r")*#!# ,no# proces#? "!# ,eC% n"()"st%p!(en#(#, (e post"!o r%@no
e!e-tro!%@no )"*"r#*"n(e.
6
Lijevanje (e post%p"- o!#-o*"n(" pr# -o(e,% se r"st"!(en# ,et"! %!#(e*" % ne-% 5%p!(#n% +-"!%p?
'!"d# # s-r%$%(e % n(o(? te popr#," n(en o!#- +odljevak . A!"t# )" !#(e*"n(e ,o% #t# $je%&ani
kal'$i )" (edno-r"tn% %potre% # ,et"!n# +kokile )" *#5e-r"tn% %potre%. U!#(e*"n(e ,oe
#t# r"*#t"c#(s-o pod d(e!o*"n(e, s#!e tee #!# t!"@no pod po*#5en#, pr#t#s-o, r"d# o!(e
pop%n("*"n(" -"!%pne 5%p!(#ne.
Te'no!o#(" )"*"r#*"n(" +se,#n"rs-# r"d
N"(*e$" pr#,(en" od!(e*"-" (e % "%to,o#!s-o( #nd%str#(# % o!#-% !#(e*"no e!(e)" #!#
"!%,#n#(s-o !#(e*". U (ed"n "%to,o#! %r"Ceno (e *#5e od /== od!(e*"-". Os#, "%to,o#!s-e
#nd%str#(e? od!(e*c# se -or#ste % stro(or"dn(#?r"Ce*#ns-o( #nd%str#(#? ,ed#c#n#? rodor"dn(#?
)" e!(e)n#@-" *o)#!"? eneret#c#? )r"@no( # s*e,#rs-o( #nd%str#(#? -od
!#(e*"n(" %,(etn#@-#' s-%!pt%r".
7rednost# !#(e*"n(" s% 5to se ,oe do#t# s!oen" eo,etr#(" *"n(s-o # %n%t"rn(e d#(e!"
od!(e*-"? ,o%$e (e do#t# d#,en)#(s-# to@"n o!#- #!# pr#!#no to@"n o!#-? ,o%$e pro#)*est#
*r!o *e!#-e od!(e*-e? ,oe se !#(e*"t# #!o -o(# ,et"!? ,o%$" ,"so*n" pro#)*odn("? *e!#- r"spon
d#,en)#(" od!(e*-": od / r", do 16= ton". Nedost"c# !#(e*"n(" s% or"n#@en(" % ,e'"n#@-#,
s*o(st*#," +@esto se ("*!(" poro)nost? @esto nedo*o!(n" d#,en)#(s-" to@nost # -*"!#tet" po*r5#ne?
op"snost# % pro#)*odn(#? te nepo*o!("n %t(ec"( n" o-o!#5.
2.1.Vrse lijevanja
L#(e*"n(e se ,oe pod#(e!#t# n":
• L#(e*"n(e % (edno-r"tne -"!%pe:
• L#(e*"n(e % p(e5@"ne -"!%pe #!# p(e5$"n# !#(e*
• Š-o!(-"st# !#(e*
• 7rec#)n# #!# to@n# !#(e*
• L#(e*"n(e % -er",#@-e -"!%pe
• V"-%%,s-o -"!%p!(en(e p#(es-"
• Ko-#!n# !#(e*
• T!"@n# !#(e*
2.2. re%ke lijevanja
U te'no!o5-o, proces% pro#)*odn(e od!(e*"-"? post%pc#," -o(# se pro*ode # ,"ter#("!#," -o(# se
-or#ste? n"!")# se ,noo ,o%$#' ,(est" n"st"n-" re5-e. Ve)e #),eC% %)ro-" # pos!(ed#c"? te
,o%$nost ,eC%d(e!o*"n(" r")!#@#t#' %)ro-" n"st"n-" re5"-" *r!o s% s!oene. Jed"n %)ro- ,oe
#)")*"t# *#5e r")!#@#t#' pore5"-"? " #st" re5-" ,oe #t# pro%)ro-o*"n" d(e!o*"n(e, r")!#@#t#'
%)ro-" #!# n(#'o*o, -o,#n"c#(o,.
7osto(# *#5e pod(e!" *rst" pore5"-". T"-o re5-e ,oe,o pod#(e!#t# pre," post%p-% !#(e*"n(" #!#
#)!ed% pore5-e. 4re5-e n" od!(e*c#," pre," post%pc#," !#(e*"n(" d#(e!e se n":
• re5-e do -o(#' ,oe do$# -od #!o -o(e post%p-" !#(e*"n("?
• re5-e -"r"-ter#st#@ne )" !#(e*"n(e % p#(es"-.
7re," #)!ed%? pore5-e se ,o% pod#(e!#t# n":
• % 9 osno*n#' r")red" +o)n"-" *e!#-" s!o*" od A 4
• s*"-# r")red (e pod#(e!(en % s-%p#ne
• s-%p#ne pore5"-" % pod#(e!(ene s% % pods-%p#ne
• " %n%t"r pods-%p#n" n"*edene s% po(ed#n"@ne re5-e
O)n"-" po(ed#n"@ne pore5-e s"dr# s!o*o r")red"? ro( s-%p#ne? ro( pods-%p#ne # ro( pore5-e
+npr. A//1 G o)n"-" )" #!#ce.
Š%p!(#n" % od!(e*-% od s#*o !#(e*".
r*#$"st# !#(e* pod po*e$"n(e, od /== p%t".
R")red# re5"-":
• D G 7o*r5#ns-# nedost"c#
• E G Nepotp%n# od!(e*"-
• F G Neto@nost ,(er" # o!#-"
• 4 G U-!(%@c# # 'eteroenost#.
*.TO+LI#,-" O/"D"
Top!#ns-" or"d" (e post%p"- d(e!o*"n(" te,per"t%re n" ,"ter#("! % s*r'% ,#(en("n("
n(eo*e ,#-rostr%-t%re # t#,e ,#(en("n(" n(eo*#' s*o(st"*". Top!#ns-# se or"C%(%
n"(@e5$e @e!#c#? "!# ner#(et-o # dr%# ,et"!#? te -er",#-e+st"-!o. N"(@e5$# r")!o)# )" top!#ns-%
or"d% @e!#-" s% o@*r5$#*"n(e +po*e$"n(e ,e'"n#@-#' s*o(st"*"? poseno*!"@ne @*rsto$e?
po*e$"n(e #!"*ost#? po*e$"n(e d%-t#!nost# # ,o%$nost# preo!#-o*"n("? s,"n(en(e %n%tr"5n(#'
n"pre)"n("? pr#pre," )" or"d% re)"n(e,.
Top!#ns-" se or"d" o"*!(":
• pr#(e o!#-o*"n(" -o,"d" p!"st#@no, defor,"c#(o, # od*"("n(e, str%ot#ne? d" # ,et"!
o,e-5"o?
• pos!#(e o!#-o*"n(" -o,"d"? d" # se %-!on#!" )"ost"!" n"pre)"n("?
• )"*r5no? )" post#)"n(e -on"@ne @*rsto$e # t*rdo$e pro#)*od".
Top!#ns-" or"d" @e!#-" te,e!(# se n" e%te-to#dno( re"-c#(# r"sp"d" "%sten#t" n" fer#t # ce,ent#t.
O*#sno o post%p-% top!#ns-e or"de ,#(en("(% se n"@#n r"sp"d" "%sten#t"? odnosno f#)#@-" #
,e'"n#@-" s*o(st*" @e!#-". <o to" s*"-" top!#ns-" or"d" )"'t#(e*" n"(pr#(e do#*"n(e
"%sten#t". A%sten#t#)"c#(" se s"sto(# % do#*"n(% 'o,oeno "%sten#t" )"r#("*"n(e, @e!#-" n"
te,per"t%r% ,"!o #)n"d !#n#(e A/ -od e%te-to#dno s"st"*" #!# A0 -od pode%te-to#dno # Ac, -od
n"de%te-to#dno s"st"*". Te,per"t%r" "%sten#t#)"c#(e ,oe se sn#)#t# dod"t-o, !e#r"(%$#'
e!e,en"t"? -"o 5to s% ,"n"n #!# n#-"!. Ost"!e top!#ns-e or"de s!%e %!"*no, )" %-!"n("n(e
pos!(ed#c" '!"dne defor,"c#(e # do#*"n(e ,e-5e str%-t%re.
*.1. Vrse o$linske o0rade
Vrste s% top!#ns-e or"de:
• ter,#@-": -o,"d# se r#(%? dre n" odreCeno( te,per"t%r# # poto, '!"de G pr#,(er# s%:
• "ren(e G pr#!#"*"n(e st"n(% r"*notee
• -"!(en(e G s"sto(# se od "%sten#)"c#(e? " )"t#, se r)#, o'!"C#*"n(e, s-oro s"*
"%sten#t pret*or# % ,"rten)#t
• pop%5t"n(e ,et"! se r#(e #spod "%sten#)"c#(e # dr# se ne-o *r#(e,e n" to(
te,per"t%r# # poto, sporo '!"d#
• poo!(5"n(e G s"sto(# se od -"!(en(" # pop%5t"n(" n" po*#5en#, te,per"t%r","
• nor,"!#)"c#(" s"sto(# se od "%sten#)"c#(e # o'!"C#*"n(" n" )r"-%
• ter,o-e,#(s-" #!# ot*rdn("*"n(e po*r5#ne @e!#-": top!#ns-" se or"d" o"*!(" % -e,#(s-#
"-t#*no( sred#n#? " pr#,(er# s%:
• po%!(en#@en(e #!# ce,ent"c#(" G po*e$"*"n(e s"dr"(" %!(#-" + % po*r5#ns-o,
s!o(% -o,"d"
• n#tr#r"n(e G po*e$"*"n(e s"dr"(" d%5#-" +N % po*r5#ns-o, s!o(% -o,"d"
Te'no!o#(" )"*"r#*"n(" +se,#n"rs-# r"d
• -"ron#tr#r"n(e G po*e$"*"n(e s"dr"(" %!(#-" # d%5#-" % po*r5#ns-o, s!o(% -o,"d"
• or#r"n(e G po*e$"*"n(e s"dr"(" or" +8 % po*r5#ns-o, s!o(% -o,"d"
• ter,o,e'"n#@-": ter,#@-" se or"d" -o,#n#r" s ,e'"n#@-#, defor,#r"n(e
• pr#rodno +st"ren(e pr# sono( te,per"t%r# # %,(etno st"ren(e +st"ren(e pr# po*#5eno(
te,per"t%r#.
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0/ Konstr%-c#(s-# ,"ter#("!# % o!#-% #!o -"-*#' t*ore*#n" pod!on# s% nen",(ens-#,
5tetn#, pro,(en",".? t(.po("*"," # proces#," -o(# s,"n(%(% n(#'o*% %por"n% *r#(ednost. Te
pro,(ene )"'*"$"(% -onstr%-c#(s-e ,"ter#("!e od tren%t-" n(#'o*" do#*"n(" s*e do otpre,e n"
otp"d #!# n" rec#-!#r"n(e.
01
00 T"-*e pro,(ene n"sto(e se %spor#t# #!# spr(e@#t# ,(er"," # post%pc#," posene te'no!o5-e
d#sc#p!#ne ?)"5t#te ,"ter#("!" -o(" se o#@no n")#*" # po*r5#ns-o, )"5t#to,. Mno# od t#' po("*" #
proces" do"C"(% se pr# dod#r% -onstr%-c#(s-o ,"ter#("!" s ne-#, f!%#dn#, ,ed#(e,
+sred#no,?o-o!#no, t(.s" p!#no, #!# -"p!(e*#no,. N"(r"5#ren#(# (e 5tetn# proces o*e *rste -oro)#("
-o(" -e,#(s-#, ,eC%d(e!o*"n(e, ,"ter#("!" # ,ed#(" r")"r" ,"ter#("! pret*"r"(%$# " % dr%%
t*"r?pr# @e,% se n"(@e5$e nepoe!(no ,(en(" # s"st"* ,ed#(".
02
06 K"-o se -oro)#(s-e re"-c#(e po@#n(% od*#("t# n" po*r5#n# ,et"!"?t"-o # s"," )"5t#t" tre"
po@et# n" #sto, ,(est%.

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5.Z"-LU6"-
Te'no!o#(" )"*"r#*"n(" #r" *e!#-% %!o% % -onstr%#r"n(% op$en#to.Modern#(# ,"ter#("!#
)"'t#(e*"(% prec#)n#(% # -*"!#tetn#(% opre,% )" )"*"r#*"n(e te -*"!#tetn#(% # prec#)n#(% opre,% )"
pr"$en(e # re#str"c#(% p"r",et"r" )"*"r#*"n(". K!"s#@n" opre," )" )"*"r#*"n(e # -ontro!%
p"r",et"r" )"*"r#*"n(" te5-o ,oe )"do*o!(#t# post"*!(ene %*(ete. 7ored d"n"5n(#' %reC"(" )"
sn#,"n(e st"t#@-e -"r"-ter#st#-e s*e *#5e se )"'t(e*" n" %reC"(#," )" pr"$en(e d#n",#@-e
-"r"-ter#st#-e p"r",et"r" )"*"r#*"n(". T"-oCer top!#ns-" or"d" n"-on )"*"r#*"n(" (e ("-o #tn"
(er d"(e ,o%$nost poo!(5"n(" odreCen#' -"r"-ter#st#-" pro#)*od" " n"-on n(e s!#(ed# po*r5#ns-"
)"5t#t" -o(" os#%r"*" s*eop$% d%otr"(nost pro#)*od" s" "spe-t" otpornost# ,"ter#("!" pre,"
odreCen#, pr#rodn#, po("*"," -o(e ,o% n"r%5#t# str%-t%r% " t#,e # f%n-c#(% pro#)*od".
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• 'ttp:.r"d.%n#).'rdon!o"drepos#torTKM0.7red"*"n(e<ASTITA METALAODKORO<IJE.pdf
• 'ttp:'r.#-#ped#".or#-#L#(e*"n(e
• 'ttp:'r.#-#ped#".or#-#Top!#ns-"or"d"
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Tehnologija Zavarivanja Mara Ćorić