Technologies for Semantic Interoperability in SOA Technologies for Semantic Interoperability in SOA Systems: Agent TechnologiesSystems: Agent Technologies

Dr. Klaus Fischer

Multiagent Systems GroupDFKI GmbH

Saarbrücken, Germany

ICAART 2011 1

OverviewOverview

• Context at DFKI• Context at DFKI• An MDA Approach to Agent Design

– Origins in the ATHENA ProjectOrigins in the ATHENA Project– Platform Independent Models for SOA– A Platform-Independent Metamodel for p

Agents and Multiagent Systems• Agent Interaction• Model Transformation• Semantic Services

A t i Vi t l W ld• Agents in Virtual Worlds• Conclusion

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DFKI is Situated at Three SitesDFKI is Situated at Three Sites

Bremen

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Autonomous Agents in Physical andAutonomous Agents in Physical andVirtual WorldsVirtual Worlds

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Virtual Enterprises, eVirtual Enterprises, e--Business andBusiness andSupply Chain ManagementSupply Chain Management

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ATHENA: Structure & DomainsATHENA: Structure & Domains

Business

InBusBusiness

Level

teropsiness

KnowledgeLevel

perabi Appli

Service-OrientedArchitectureModel-DrivenICT

lity ofcationModel Driven

ArchitectureLevel

fns

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ATHENA Reference ModelATHENA Reference Model

Enterprise System B(MDD Abstraction)

Computational IndependentSemantic

Enterprise System A(MDD Abstraction)

Computational IndependentSemantic

Ontologies

Model-DrivenArchitecture (MDA)&Architecture-Driven

Computational IndependentModel (CIM)

Annotation

MTOntologies

Model-DrivenArchitecture (MDA)&Architecture-Driven

Computational IndependentModel (CIM)

Annotation

MT

ReferenceOntology

InteroperabilityModernisation (ADM)

Platform IndependentModel (PIM)

SemanticAnnotation

Modernisation (ADM)

Platform IndependentModel (PIM)

SemanticAnnotation ra

tion

p yPatterns

Architecture-DrivenModernisation (ADM)

Model-DrivenArchitecture (MDA)

MT

Architecture-DrivenModernisation (ADM)

Model-DrivenArchitecture (MDA)

MT Horizontal Integration

cal

In

teg

MI

Execution Platform B

Platform SpecificModel (PSM)

SemanticAnnotation

Execution Platform A

Platform SpecificModel (PSM)

SemanticAnnotation

Vert

ic

Computational System B

MT

Computational System A

MT MI

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MT Model TransformationMT Model Transformation MI Model Interoperability

An MDA Aproach to ServiceAn MDA Aproach to Service--Oriented Architectures (SOA)Oriented Architectures (SOA)( )( )

BusinessModel ServiceModel

PlatformDependent

ImplementatiBusinessModel ServiceModel

PlatformDependent

Implementati

Enterprise Model

Model ponModels

PIMCIM PSM

Model ponModels

PIMCIM PSM

E t i M d l t PIM S ifi ti

POP*

Platform Independent Model for Service Oriented Architecture metamodel

Information S i P Q S

UML Profile for SOA• Information• Service

Enterprise Model to PIM Specification

InformationModel

ServiceModel

ProcessModel

QoSModel

PIM Specification to PSM Specification

Service• Process• QoS

Platform Specific Model

MessageModel

InterfaceModel

CompositionModel

Security, QoSModel

UML Profile for Web S.UML Profile for Agents?UML Profile for BPEL?UML Profile for P2P?

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PIM4SOA: 4 Views to System PIM4SOA: 4 Views to System DesignDesign

Metamodel for (software) services Metamodel for (automated software) processes

Metamodel for information Metamodel for quality of service (QoS)

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Platform Independent Model for Platform Independent Model for Agents (PIM4Agents)Agents (PIM4Agents)g ( g )g ( g )

PIM4Agents is structured into several aspects each focusing on a specific viewpoint of a MAS:p S• Agent aspect describes single autonomous entities, the capabilities

they have to solve tasks and their roles they play within the MASO i i d ib h i l i i • Organization aspect describes how single autonomous entities cooperate within the MAS and how complex organizational structures can be defined

• Interaction aspect describes how the interaction between autonomous entities or organizations takes place Behavioral aspect describes how plans are composed by complex • Behavioral aspect describes how plans are composed by complex control structures and simple atomic tasks

• Role aspect covers feasible specializations and how they could be related to each other

• Environment aspect contains any kind of resource that is dynamically created shared or used by agents or organizationscreated, shared, or used by agents or organizations

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Multiagent System ViewMultiagent System View

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Agent ViewAgent View

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Organization ViewOrganization View

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Interaction ViewInteraction View

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Specification of Domain Specific Specification of Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSML)Modeling Languages (DSML)g g g ( )g g g ( )

L = < C A S M M >

Ab t tConcepts

L = < C, A, S, MS, MC>

MAbstractSyntax

A

SemanticDomain

SSemantics

RelationsWell formed-nessrules

Mathematical abstraction for specifying the meaning of models

MS

ConcreteSyntax Notation for

representing models

MC

Crepresenting models

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Concrete Syntax Concrete Syntax -- Graphical EditorGraphical Editor

• Graphical editor is based on the Graphical Modeling F k (GMF) f E liFramework (GMF) of Eclipse

• GMF is based on Ecore• Abstracts syntax is mapped• Abstracts syntax is mapped

to concrete syntax• Semantics defined with

Object-Z is transformed toOCL constraints

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Alternating Concession ProtocolAlternating Concession Protocol

BuyerSeller

SSSB

RS RB

Summer School,Aachen 19 Oct. 2010

17

Alternating Concession Protocol Alternating Concession Protocol (Pim4Agents)(Pim4Agents)

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Communication PatternsCommunication Patterns

content

content

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FIPA’s Contract Net SpecificationFIPA’s Contract Net Specification

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Contract Net Protocol (PIM4Agents)Contract Net Protocol (PIM4Agents)

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PIM4Agents PIM4Agents Model Model toto Model Model TransformationTransformation

Ecore

conforms to conforms tof t

PIM4Agentsmeta-model

JackMMmeta-model

ATL/Qvt

conforms to

PIM4Agentsmeta-modelmeta-model meta-model

conforms to

conforms to

conforms to

meta-model

PIM4Agents

conforms to conforms to

JackMMModel

PIM4Agentsmodel

is transformed into PIM4Agentsmodel

PIM4Agentsmodel

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Model Transformations with Model Transformations with QvtQvt

helper pim4agents::interaction::Actor::collectMsfs () : Set(pim4agents::interaction::MessageFlow) {var res : Set(pim4agents::interaction::MessageFlow);

lf i Sres := self.activeState;self.subactor->forEach(a) {

res := res->union(a.collectMsfs());};};return res

}

mapping P4A::interaction::Actor::toDomainRole(p : pim4agents::interaction::Protocol) : P4A::role::DomainRole{

var msf : Set(pim4agents::interaction::MessageFlow) := self.collectMsfs();var rmsf : Set(pim4agents::interaction::MessageFlow) :=

msf -> select(d|d.isInitialMessageFlow or((d.forkOperator <> null) and (d.MsfSuccessors(msf)->size() > 0)));

name := 'Role' + self.name;providesCapability := rmsf.map toCapability(msf,rmsf);

}

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PIM4Agents PIM4Agents toto Jack/Jade Jack/Jade TransformationTransformation

PIM4Agents PIM4Agents

JACK JADEOJACK JADEOrgs

gCode Agent.java Agent.java Agent.java

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PIM4Agents PIM4Agents toto JadexJadex TransformationTransformation

PIM4Agents model Information model

Information model

ref

modelmodel

QVT transformation

Application Jadexagent

Jadexcapability

Xpand transformation

model agent model

capabilitymodel

EMF Serialization

Agent.xmlApplication.xml Capability.xml Plan.java Object.java

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ModelModel--Driven Service CompositionDriven Service Composition

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Integration with Semantic ServicesIntegration with Semantic Services

Process Orchestrator Agent

in SAWSDL

Semantic Web services

in WSML

JADE

JACK

in OWL-S

JADE

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Integration with Semantic ServicesIntegration with Semantic Services

Process Orchestrator Agent Semantic Web services

in WSML

in SAWSDL

g Semantic Web services

in OWL-S

in WSML

Service request

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Integration with Semantic ServicesIntegration with Semantic Services

Process Orchestrator Agent Semantic Web servicesg

in WSML

in SAWSDL

Semantic Web services

?

in OWL-S

in WSML

??

1 2 3 in OWL S1 2 3

Service selection

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Collaborative Collaborative ModellingModelling

Protocool Organization

ModelR it

ModelRepository

ProtocoolMetamodel

OrganizationMetamodel

RepositoryInteractionProtocols

p yOrganiza-

tionalStructures

PIM4Agents

PIM4AgentsMetamodel

conformsto

gModel

Instance

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Specializing Metamodels

General MASMAS

Metamodel

BDIAgents

BelievableAgents

Hardware Agents

JadexAgents

JackAgents

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3DInternet & Real3DInternet & Real--time time RaytracingRaytracing

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ISReal Platform:  ComponentsISReal Platform:  Components

Semantic World ModelGlobal ontology

(3D scene semantics)

Global SemanticsNative XML3D ImplementationsGraphics

Semantic‐enrichedXML3D scene graphs

Semantic services(3D object functions)

XML3D scene handler (RTSG‐2)

Rendering: OpenGL; RTFactProgrammable shaders (AnySL)

3D Avatar

Agents

Programmable shaders (AnySL)JScripts (Animation, Sensors, etc.)

Hybrid automata store(3D Object, Interaction, Control)

Intelligent Agent 

• Perception

(Appearance, Movement) Verification

Automata composition

Verifier HAVLE

Perception• Ontology & Services• Planning ISReal 1.1

ICAART 2011 33

Nesbigall, Kapahnke, Warwas, Liedtke, Klusch: Proc. International Semantic Web Conference, 2010

ISReal Platform:  SingleISReal Platform:  Single‐‐User ArchitectureUser Architecture

ISReal 1.1 Client ISReal 1.1 Server

• Object semanticsA t d

• Object semanticsA t d

DOM +

• Avatar commands• Avatar commandsRendererRenderer .xml3dWeb Server

DOM +XML3D sg

xml3d

RTSG2RTSG2 Semantics

Ont

JScript Engine• Animations• Obj Change

.xml3d

Agents

Serv

Ont

• Obj Change• Sensors• C/S Com

Graphics Agents

Plans

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ConclusionConclusion

Modeling is a hot topic for the near futureg p• in general for software engineering• but especially for agent-based systemsp y g y

Collaborative modeling should be supportedAccepted metamodels form the basis for pestablishing model repositories

Definition of semantics is a challenge!How do logic formalisms like (OWL, OWL-S, g (WSMO, …) and UML-style model descriptions relate to each other?

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Acknowledgements to the MAS groupAcknowledgements to the MAS group

Heads: Dr. Klaus Fischer, Prof. Dr. Matthias Klusch,

Esteban Leon Ingo Zinnikus

Martin Vasileski Stefan Warwas

Patrick Kapahnke Xiaoqi CaoPatrick Kapahnke Xiaoqi Cao

F G M bChristian Hahn Cristián Madrigal

Former Group Members:

Stefan Nesbigall Sven Jacobi

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