Tatap Muka 1

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TATAP MUKA 1

KOMPETENSI DASAR :Menjelaskan ruang lingkup

Geologi

INDIKATOR PENCAPAIAN :

Batasan geologi, ruang

lingkup, ilmu-ilmu terkait

Cara mempelajari geologi

Sistem dalam geologi

Profesi yang berhubungan

dengan geologi



RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi• Sistem dalam geologi

• Mengapa belajar geologi?



Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin,structure, composition, and history (including thedevelopment of life), and the nature of the processeswhich have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of Geology . Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan:• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi

berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.



• Mengikuti pendidikan kebumian

• Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:

– Perpustakaan termasuk internet

– Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi

– Lapangan• Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalam

menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perludilakukan:

– Observasi (pengamatan), – Analisis, dan

– Sintesis

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi



Perhatikan• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke

perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan(survei)!

• Apakah FTM UPN “Veteran” Yogyakartamemfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama−termasuk museum− tersebut di atas?





Ilmu-ilmu terkait

MATEMATIKA

FISIKA KIMIASTATISTIKA

HIDROLOGI

GEOLOGIBIOLOGI

METEOROLOGI

ILMU-ILMUDASAR

ILMU-ILMUDASAR

KEBUMIAN

ILMU-ILMUTERAPAN

TEKNOLOGI

GEOLOGIMINYAKBUMI

GEOLOGIBAHAN GALIAN GEOLOGI

PANASBUMI

GEOLOGITEKNIK

GEOLOGILINGKUNGAN

TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

TEKNIK SIPIL

INDUSTRIPARIWISATA

DLL

DLL

PLANOLOGI

GEOARKEOLOGI

TEKNIK PANASBUMI PERTANIAN

PEDOLOGI



Ilmu-ilmu antara

FISIKA

KIMIA

STATISTIKA

HIDROLOGIGEOLOGI

BIOLOGI

PARIWISATA

GEOFISIKA

GEOHIDROLOGI

GEOKIMIA

GEOSTATISTIKA

PALEONTOLOGI

GEOWISATA

DLL

Pertanyaan:

• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?

ARKEOLOGIGEOARKEOLOGI



Cabang-cabang geologi

GEOLOGI

Pertanyaan:

• Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang geologi?

DLL

MINERALOGI

PETROLOGI

GEOMORFOLOGI

GEOLOGISTRUKTUR

STRATIGRAFI TEKTONIKA

PALEONTOLOGI

VOLKANOLOGI

GEOLOGISEJARAH

SPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI SEDIMENTOLOGI



Yang dipelajari Geologi a.l.:• Batuan : Petrologi

• Urutan perlapisan batuan : Stratigrafi

• Arsitektur litosfera : Geologi Struktur

• Kehidupan purba : Paleontologi

• Kegunung-apian : Vulkanologi

• Pengendapan batuan : Sedimentologi

• Bentuk permukaan : Geomorfologi

• Terjadinya bahan tambang



Petrologi

• Terbentuknya batuan

• Jenis-jenis batuan

• Komposisi batuan• Struktur dan tekstur batuan



Stratigrafi

• Urut-urutan lapisan

• Umur tiap-tiap lapisan

• Hubungan antar lapisan

• Variasi tiap-tiap lapisan



Geologi Struktur

• Lipatan: antiklin, sinklin

• Sesar/Patahan

• Kekar/retakan



Paleontologi

• Terjadinya fosil

• Bermacam-macam organisme purba

• Umur fosil/batuan yang mengandungnya• Lingkungan kehidupan purba



Geomorfologi

Bentuk Positif: gunung, bukit, pegununganBentuk Negatif : lembah, saluran

Dataran

Proses yang membentuk morfologi:pelapukan, pengikisan



Vulkanologi

Terjadinya gunung api

Kegiatan gunung api

Tipe-tipenya

Hasil aktivitasnya





Hidrogeologi



Air di Dalam Batuan



PROSES GEOLOGI

EKSOGEN

(EKSTERNAL)

ENDOGEN

(INTERNAL)



PROSES ENDOGEN



PROSES EKSOGEN



Gerakan massa tanah/batuan




• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi• Ilmu-ilmu terkait

• Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?



Initially, … it was an homogenous material

GEOSPHERE



ATMOSPHERE

SOLID EARTHHYDROSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

GEOSPHERE

Diversifications …



BIOSPHERE

SOLID EARTH(LITHOSPHERE TO CORE)

ATMOSPHERE

HIDROSPHERE

GEOSPHERE

Dynamic equilibrium




• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Ilmu-ilmu terkait• Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?



Why Study Geology?

Because geology is all around us.

• 1. Geological Resources

• 2. “The Environment”

• 3. Geological Hazards(Changes posing risks)

• 4. Engineering

• 5. Landforms and Surface Processes

• 6. Historical Geology

Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations

Environmental

Geology



Why Study Geology?

– The Cradle of

Civilization (Fertile

Crescent) – Development limited

by availability, e.g.,

soil, water, energy

– Conflicts based onresources, e.g.,

water, minerals, oil…

http://encarta.msn.com/

1. Geological Resources



The Cradle of Civilization

Sprung from geology of the region

Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/



Misuse of Resources

These Maps illustrate theFertile Crescent in 1973 (top)and 2000 (bottom).Permanent marshlands,pictured in green, have shrunk90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United NationsEnvironment Program

2. The Environment

Mi f G l i R



Misuse of Geologic ResourcesDesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan

http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

2. The Environment



Overuse of Geologic Resources

• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer classand the environment won’t sustain thisstandard of living (Worldwatch Institute 2004)

• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses isaccelerating global warming

• Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds

University, UK)

2. The Environment (Geology in the News)



Geology in the News

• Two die in 6.5magnitude

Earthquake near

San Lois Obispo

California• Earthquake triggers

mudslides

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003

3. Geologic Hazards

San Andreas Fault

http://www.usgs.gov/



Assessing Risk“Major Quake Likely to

Strike San Francisco

Bay Region Between

2003 and 2032”

• Assessing Risks

• Avoiding Risks• Preventing

Damage

• Predicting Impact

3. Geologic Hazards

http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/



Earthquake

Bam, Iran

• A Magnitude 6.5Earthquake hits astone- and mud-

house city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-03

– 30,000 Dead

– 30,000 Refugees• US sends aid and

releases sanctions

• Relations improved

Photos

from AP



3. Geological HazardsVolcanoes

Landslides

Earthquakes



4. Geology in Engineering

Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the

geology that forms and controls the slope



Geology in Engineering

Committee member John

Burland, an engineer,

promoted soil extraction as the

best way to save the tower.

I n Pisa the ti lted one is back in

business after an 11-year effort

to keep it f rom collapsing

The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

www.smithsonianmag.si.edu

Engineers use knowledge of

geology to design, protect

and correct structures



5. Landforms and Surface Processes

• Glaciers

• Mass Wasting

• Streams

• Shorelines

• Deserts

• Groundwater http://www.berann.com

H.C. Berann (1915-1999)

Yosemite National Park, 1987



Sub Disciplines Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology

• Environmental Geology

– Environmental Sciences: how we influence

the earth

– Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us

• Engineering Geology

– Geologic Materials

– Foundations

– Geotechnical engineering



• Geological Resources – Locating and characterizing amounts and quality

– Extracting and

– Understanding environmental effects of extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of

resources

• Historical Geology

– Deciphering Earth History and

– Evolution of life

Sub Disciplines (cont.)



TEORI TEKTONIK LEMPENG(PLATE TECTONIC THEORY)

Semua proses dan hasil proses

geologi diakibatkan oleh dinamika

kulit bumi (litosfera) yang

bentuknya pipih, seperti lempeng



Karena:



Karena:- tataan geologinya

- tataan tektoniknya:

• Indonesia kaya akan:

- Sumberdaya mineral: bahan tambang(emas, perak, tembaga, timah putih,minyak & gas bumi, pasir, batu, dll

- Bencana alam: gempa bumi, tsunami,gunungapi, tanah longsor, dll













Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?

• … • …

• …

•

Documents

Tatap Muka 1