“ 400/220 KV POWER GRID SUBSTATION JAIPUR “ A SUMMAR TRANING PREASENTATION SUBMITTED TO INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY : MR.SANJAY SHARMA TARA CHAND MEENA ( Seminar in-charge) 12EIAEE115 EE ,I.E.T ALWAR

SUB -STATION

• Substations take the electricity from power plants and from the transmission lines and transform it from high to lower voltage. They distribute electricity to consumers and supervise and protect the distribution network to keep it working safely and efficiently. for example by using circuit breakers (the industrial strength equivalent of the humble fuse) to cut power in case of a problem.

Single line diagram

Example of substation .765 KV . 400 KV . 220 KV . 132 KV . 66 KV . 33 KV . 11 KV

Classification Of Substation

.Basis of Nature of Duties: 1.Step Up or Primary substation 2.Primary Grid substation 3.Step Down or distribution substation

.Basis of services Rendered: 1.Transformer Substation 2.Switching Substation 3.Converting substation

• Basis of Importance: 1.Grid Substation 2.Town Substation•Classification On Operating Basis Voltage: 1.High Voltage Substation 2.Extra High Voltage Substation 3.Ultra High Voltage Substation •Classification On Basis Of Design: 1.Indoor type Substation 2.Outdoor Type Substation

Equipment Of Substation• Lightning Arrester• Capacitor Voltage Transformer• Wave Trap• Current Transformer• Main Bus-Bars• Switchgear• Circuit Breaker • Power Transformer• Isolators• Insulators• Protective Relay

Type Of Lightning Arrester• Horn Gap Arrester • Multi –Gap Arrester• Valve Type Arrester• Pellet Type Arrester• Expulsion Type Arrester

Wave Trap• Power line carrier communication• Exchange of data and transfer message between substation• Wave trap –Trapping the unwanted signals

Current Transformer• Current transformer is the type of instrumentation transformer that is used in power system to measurement protection & detection the system.

• It is device used to measure the large current by scaling large primary current to a smaller easy to measure ,secondary current.

Type of current transformer 3 Type :1. Wound Type- Transformer primary winding is physically connected in series with conductor that carriers the measured current flowing in circuit.2. Split-core Type- These do not contain a primary winding .current flowing through a window or holes in split core transformer.3. Bar Type – current transformer uses the actual cable or Bus –bar of the main circuit as primary winding

Accuracy • The accuracy of current transformer ratio of cost is affected by no. of factor including . . Burden . Saturation class . Temperature . Physical configuration.

Application

• The are commonly use in power system. measurement Protection Control circuit Residual current device (RCD) ,Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)

Capacitor Voltage Transformer

• A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT, CCVT) is transformer used in power system to step down extra high voltage signal and provide low voltage signal for metering or operating a protective relay.

Application 1. It is useable extra high voltage. 2.It also use in communication system (PLCC). 3. It use in power system to controlling device.

Power transformer • Power transformer is main device of an power system .The power transformer work on electromagnetic induction. This is main function of high voltage convert in low voltage like. Step down and step up as per requirement .

Type of Cooling

•Air natural oil natural•Air force oil natural•Air natural oil force•Air force oil force.

Parts of power transformer1.Radiators = for cooling purpose.

2.Breather =for absorb moisture in air.

3. Buchholz relay= for protection purpose when temperature increase in oil then work is.

4.Conservator tank= for use of oil maintain.

Isolator • Isolator is used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-energized for services or maintenance.• such that are often used found in electrical distribution and industrial

application.• It always operate on no load.

Circuit Breaker• Circuit breaker use in power system.• Circuit breaker is an automatically electrical switch.• It protect an electronics circuit from damage caused by over load short circuit.• It basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.

Relay • Relay is mainly use in power system ,Transmission line.• Solid state relay control power circuit with no moving parts instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching.• Relay with calibrated operating characteristics and sometime multiple Operating coils are used to protect electrical circuit from overload and any fault conditions.• First relay application was use in long telegraph system.

Type of relay 1. Overload relay.2. Distance relay.3. Thermal relay.4. Solid state relay.5. Vacuum relay.6. Buchholz relay.7. Mercury relay.8. Differential relay.

Bus –Bar System• In electrical system transmission bar Is metallic strip or bar (copper, brass, aluminum ) that conduct electric conduct in switch yard ,battery bank or other electrical devices.• It is main purpose to conduct a substantial current of electricity , and not to function as a structural member.

•Corona ring =To maintain the corona loss.

ANY QUERY

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