Tapka 1 Introduksi Anatomi Ppt Compatibility Mode

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ANATOMIBy. Paryono

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Allah SWT berfirman :Allah SWT berfirman :QS AtQS At--Tiin (95) : 4Tiin (95) : 4

Sesungguhnya kami telah menciptakan manusia dalam bentukyang sebaik-baiknya.

Dialah yang membentuk kamu dalam rahim sebagaimanadikehendaki-Nya tak ada tuhan (yang berhak di sembah) melainkan

Dia, yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Bijaksana.

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Proses Penciptaan Nabi Adam AS

Proses Penciptaan Bunda Hawa

Proses Penciptaan Nabi Isa AS

Proses Penciptaan Kebanyakan Manusia

()

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()

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Dari sudut medis, anatomi terdiri dari berbagai

pengetahuan tentang bentuk, letak, ukuran, dan

hubungan berbagai struktur dari tubuh manusia

sehat sehingga sering disebut sebagai anatomi

deskriptif atau topografis.

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WHAT IS ANATOMY ?

Anatomy (Greek: ana: apart; temmein: to cut)

Cutting up apart (Latin equivalent:

dissecare dissection)

AnatomyAnatomy((DiscplineDiscpline/field of/field of

scientific study)scientific study)

DissectionDissection(One of the methods/(One of the methods/

techniques used intechniques used in

studying the body)studying the body)

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WHAT IS ANATOMY ?

ANATOMY

The part of biological science that deals

primarily with structure and function of the

body

The study of living human beings

Cannot be learned completely by

studying the bodies of dead persons

The basis of medical language

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Studying Anatomy

The study of etymology (derivation of words) Helps remember anatomy and find the process

enjoyable

Cecum caecus (Lat.): blind The cecum is a blind pouch lying inferior to the terminal portion ofileum (Lat.: roll up/twist)

The ileum is a highly coiled/rolled up part of the smallintestines

MEMORISINGMEMORISING(New language:4500(New language:4500

words)words)

UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDINGThe links between structure &The links between structure &functionfunctionIntellectually more satisfyingIntellectually more satisfyingIt makes its long termIt makes its long termretention easierretention easier

vs

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SEJARAH ANATOMI Ilmu dasar medis paling tua dipelajari (500 thn

S.M

Pertama kali ditulis oleh Papyruses antara 3000-2500 S.M.

Diajarkan oleh Hippocrates Thn 460-377S.M.sekaligus disebut sebagai bapakkedokteran

Aristoteles (384-322 SM)

sebagai orang pertama yang menggunakanistilah anatomi

Andreas Vesaliuss 1514-1564)mempublikasikan anatomi & era baru. Anatomimenjadi disipline ilmu yang obyektif. Dasar

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Lanjutan Williem Harvey di era Hieroniymus

Frabiceus (1537-1619) menemukan katubvena.

1628 publikasi buku Harveys ExercitatioAnatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis inAnamalibus.

Abad 17 diseksi manusia menjadipembelajaran anatomi di sekolah-sekolahEropa

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GENERAL SUBDIVISIONS OF

ANATOMY

MACROANATOMY Naked eyes

(Macroscopic/Gross Anatomy)

Included: SURFACE Observation,

ANATOMY palpation, percussion,

auscultation

MICROANATOMY MicroscopeCYTOLOGY cells

HISTOLOGY tissues

EMBRYOLOGY Development of the

structures

COMPARATIVE Examine

ANATOMY the structures

of other animals

AA

NN

AA

TTOO

MM

YY

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METHODS OFMETHODS OF

STUDYINGSTUDYING

ANATOMYANATOMY

DISSECTION (Cadaver)

SURFACE ANATOMY (Living body)

(observation, palpation,

percussion,auscultation)

ENDOSCOPY (Living body: internal

structures)/invasive

ORGAN IMAGE (noninvasive, nondestructive)

RADIOLOGY

X-ray

(radiographs, contrast

media, tomography,computer-assisted

tomography/CAT/CT)

ULTRASONO-

GRAPHY(USG)

ultrasound

wave

MAGNETIC

RESONANCEIMAGING(MRI)*

electromagnetic

wave

RADIOISOTOPE

IMAGINGuptake of

isotope

radioactive

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PENDEKATAN BELAJAR

ANATOMI

ANATOMI REGIONAL

Topografi tubuh manusia sebagai segmen-

segmen (kepala, leher, badan, anggota dll)

Mempelajari tubuh manusia yang

memfokuskan pada bagian tertentu Anatomi regional dapat dilihat dari :

Anatomi permukaan >>>pemeriksaan dng palpasi

Anatomi viceral>>>dengan radiografi

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Lanjutan ANATOMI SISTEMIK

Mempelajari anatomi berdasarkan sistem

(Integumen, skeletal, artikuler,

muskuler,nervous, sirkulasi, digestivus,

respiratorius, urinarius, reproduksi, endokrin)

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TERMINOLOGI ANATOMI

Posisi anatomi

Posisi bidang (median, sagital, frontal, transversa)

ISTILAH-ISTILAH ANATOMI

Superficial, intermediate & deep (lapisan)

Medial, lateral, external & internal (lokasi)

Posterior, anterior, inferior, superior,

proksimal, distal (arah)

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THE ANATOMICAL POSITION

Description of the bodybased on theassumption of theanatomical position

* Directions* Relation of the

parts of the body

A person in anatomical position is

standing errect with the head, eyes

and toes directed foreward, heels

and the toes together, and theupper limbs hanging by sides withthe palms facing anteriorly

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TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP

(DIRECTIONAL TERMS/

TERMS OF COMPARISON)

( to describe:

relationship of parts of the body in theanatomical position

the location of structures in the body withreference to the anatomical position

comparison of the relative position of twostructures each other)

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TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP

Various terms are used to describe the

relationship of parts of the body in the

anatomical position.

The terms listed below are used to indicate thelocation of structures in the body with reference

to the anatomical position, irrespective of the

position of the body of the patient or the

cadaver.

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The radius is on the lateral side of theThe radius is on the lateral side of the

forearmforearm

Farther away from the medianFarther away from the median

plane of the bodyplane of the body

LateralLateral

The ulna is on the medial side of theThe ulna is on the medial side of theforearmforearm

Nearer to the median plane ofNearer to the median plane ofthe bodythe body

MedialMedial

The heart is posterior to the sternumThe heart is posterior to the sternumNearer to the back of the bodyNearer to the back of the bodyPosteriorPosterior

The sternum is anterior to the heartThe sternum is anterior to the heartNearer to the front of the bodyNearer to the front of the bodyAnteriorAnterior

The stomach is inferior of the heartThe stomach is inferior of the heartToward the feetToward the feetInferiorInferior

The heart is superior to the stomachThe heart is superior to the stomachToward the headToward the headSuperiorSuperior

ExampleExampleDefinitionDefinitionTermTerm

Commonly used directional termsCommonly used directional terms

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surface of the lungssurface of the lungscovering of an organcovering of an organ

The visceral pleura covers theThe visceral pleura covers the

externalexternal

Pertaining to thePertaining to theVisceralVisceral

The parietal pleura lines theThe parietal pleura lines the

inside of the thoracic wallinside of the thoracic wall

Pertaining to the outer wall of aPertaining to the outer wall of a

body cavitybody cavity

ParietalParietal

The humerus is deep/profundalThe humerus is deep/profundal

to the muscles of the armto the muscles of the arm

Farther from the surfaceFarther from the surfaceProfundal/ deepProfundal/ deep

The muscles of the arm areThe muscles of the arm are

superficial to the bonesuperficial to the bone

Nearer to the surfaceNearer to the surfaceSuperficialSuperficial

The wrist joint is distal to theThe wrist joint is distal to the

elbow jointelbow joint

Farther from the attachment of aFarther from the attachment of a

limb or a structurelimb or a structure

DistalDistal

The elbow joint is proximal toThe elbow joint is proximal to

the wrist jointthe wrist joint

Nearer the attachment of a limbNearer the attachment of a limb

or a structureor a structure

ProximalProximal

ExampleExampleDefinitionDefinitionTermTerm

(Inferior= caudal= below: toward the feet or lower part of the body(Inferior= caudal= below: toward the feet or lower part of the bodySuperior= cranial= cephalic= aboveSuperior= cranial= cephalic= above

Anterior= ventral= front= rostralAnterior= ventral= front= rostral

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TERMS OF MOVEMENT

Anatomy is concerned with living body, hence

there are various terms to describe the

different types of movement of the limbs and

other parts of the body.

Movements take place at certain joints where

two or more bones meet one another

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FLEXION

EXTENSION

ABDUCTION

ADDUCTION

OPPOSITION

REPOSITION

Bending or making a decreasing angle between the

bones or parts of the body

(-dorsiflexion: flexion in dorsal direction (in the ankle)

-lateroflexion: lateral bending (of the trunk)

Straightening of a bent parts of the body

(-hyperextension: movement beyond the extension)

-plantarflexion (at the ankle joint)

Moving away from the median plane in the coronal

plane (-abduction of the fingers and toes: spreading

away)

Moving toward the median plane in a coronal plane(-adduction of the fingers: moving the fingers toward

the middle finger -adduction of the toes: moving the

toes toward the second toe)

The movement during which the thumb pad is

brought to a finger pad

The movement of the thumb from the position of

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PROTRACTIONPROTRACTION

RETRACTIONRETRACTION

ELEVATIONELEVATION

DEPRESSIONDEPRESSION

Movement anteriorly (forward)Movement anteriorly (forward)

((--drawing the mandible or the shoulder forward)drawing the mandible or the shoulder forward)

Movement posteriorly (backward)Movement posteriorly (backward)

((--drawing the mandible or the shoulder backward)drawing the mandible or the shoulder backward)

Lifting, raising or moving a part superiorlyLifting, raising or moving a part superiorly

((--elevating the shoulder when shruggingelevating the shoulder when shrugging

--raising the upper limb superior to the shoulder)raising the upper limb superior to the shoulder)

Letting down, lowering or moving a part inferiorlyLetting down, lowering or moving a part inferiorly

((--depressing or lowering the shoulders as occursdepressing or lowering the shoulders as occurs

when standing at ease)when standing at ease)

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CIRCUMDUCTIONCIRCUMDUCTION

ROTATIONROTATION

Circular movement (to draw around or to form aCircular movement (to draw around or to form a

circle).circle).

The combination of successive movements ofThe combination of successive movements of

flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction inflexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in

such a way that the distal end of the part beingsuch a way that the distal end of the part being

moved forms a circle.moved forms a circle.

(This sequence of movements results in a cone of(This sequence of movements results in a cone of

movement; occur at the hip, the shoulder, the wrist,movement; occur at the hip, the shoulder, the wrist,

and the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers:and the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers:

the movement of the thumb and index finger)the movement of the thumb and index finger)

Turning or revolving of a part of the body around itsTurning or revolving of a part of the body around itslong axislong axis

((--rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint androtation of the humerus at the shoulder joint and

the femur at the hip joint)the femur at the hip joint)

Medial rotation: rotation toward the median planeMedial rotation: rotation toward the median plane

of the body.of the body.

Lateral rotation: rotation away from the medianLateral rotation: rotation away from the median

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EVERSION OF THEEVERSION OF THE

FOOTFOOT

INVERSION OF THEINVERSION OF THE

FOOTFOOT

SUPINATIONSUPINATION

PRONATIONPRONATION

The movement turns the plantar surface orThe movement turns the plantar surface or

sole of the foot away from the median planesole of the foot away from the median plane

(the foot faces laterally)(the foot faces laterally)

The movement turns the plantar surface orThe movement turns the plantar surface or

sole of the foot toward the median plane of thesole of the foot toward the median plane of the

body (the sole faces medially)body (the sole faces medially)

The movement that rotates the radius of theThe movement that rotates the radius of the

forearm laterally around its long axis, so thatforearm laterally around its long axis, so that

the dorsum of the hand faces posteriorly andthe dorsum of the hand faces posteriorly and

the palm faces anteriorly when the body is inthe palm faces anteriorly when the body is inthe anatomical position.the anatomical position.

The movement that rotates the radius of theThe movement that rotates the radius of the

forearm medially around its long axis so thatforearm medially around its long axis so that

the palm of the hand faces posteriorly and itsthe palm of the hand faces posteriorly and its

dorsum faces anteriorly when the upper limbdorsum faces anteriorly when the upper limb

is by the side in the anatomical position.is by the side in the anatomical position.13/09/2011 39Pyn/anatomi/2011

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TUTORIAL

Setelah mengikuti pertemuan materi ini,

Anda dipersilahkan untuk menyebutkan

bagian-bagian yang ditunjuk pada gambar-

gambar berikut dengan benar, tanpa melihat

uraian materi di atas.

Setelah mengisi item-item latihan tersebut, cocokan dengan materi untuk

mengetahui kebenaran jawaban Anda!!!

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A

B

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C

D

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E

F

J

I

H

G

K

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L M

N O

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P

Q

R

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Tapka 1 Introduksi Anatomi Ppt Compatibility Mode