SWAPNIL Zeaxanthin and Leutin

8/2/2019 SWAPNIL Zeaxanthin and Leutin

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Introduction

• They are types of xanthophylls

• two major components of the macular pigment of theretina

• Source of Lutein-highest concentrations in dark green,

leafy vegetables (spinach, kale, collard greens, andothers), corn, and egg yolks.

• Source of Zeaxanthin- is the major carotenoid foundin corn, orange peppers, oranges, and tangerines

•

Zeaxanthin is naturally occurring pigment present inegg yolk, in maize, marigold.

• Have no vitamin A activity



• Both of them are Powerful antioxidants

• Lutein is known to prevent ocular dysfunction

• Reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer

and prevents oxidative damage• Protects skin from sunburns

• Believed to protect the eye from AMD(age

related macular degeneration) and cataract.• A dosage of 40mg/kg body wt. is considered to

be safe.



Information

• Eyesight Rx is a product that contains mainlyzeaxanthin and leutin

• Zeaxanthin was prepared in a milk based formulationwhich had 3 times better bioavailability.

• Lutein appears to be sensitive to cooking and storage.Prolonged cooking of green, leafy vegetables issuggested to reduce their lutein content.

•

require the presence of dietary fat for properabsorption through the digestive tract.

• It is also used as a coloring agent in baked goods, soupsand sauces.



Manufacturing of Ziaxanthine

• Zeaxanthin is manufactured synthetically by the

Wittig reaction in a multi-step process

• The raw materials of the synthesis are commonly

used in the production of other carotenoids.• Farnesyl wittig reagent reacts with a C10 dial



• Synthetic zeaxanthin is composed of trans-

zeaxanthin 96.0 to 98.0 % and the minor

quantities of ciszeaxanthin max. 2.0 %



Extraction from natural sources

• Zeaxanthin rich extract is produced by hexaneextraction of Tagetes erecta red flowers andsubsequent purification of obtained oleoresin

by saponification and crystallization.• Tagates erecta (marigold) flowers are hot air

dried

•

It is then ground to a powder and transferredto an extraction vessel

• Hexane is used as a solvent



• The zeaxanthin containing oleosresin obtained

is subjected to saponification and purification

to get zeaxanthin crystals.

• It is filtered and wased with hexane and

methanol till desired purity is obtained

• Then dried in a hot air oven.



Manufacturing of Lutein

• Lutein from Tagetes erecta is produced from marigoldoleoresin. The marigold oleoresin is extracted fromdried marigold flower with hexane and contains lutein,lutein esters, other carotenoids and waxes.

• Purified lutein is obtained from the oleoresin bysaponification and crystallisation. Under saponificationconditions, fatty acids and waxes are removed fromlutein esters and zeaxanthin esters.

• This process employs mixing and heating and thereactions use potassium hydroxide, methanol orpropylene glycol and water.



• During these processes crystals of lutein areformed. The reaction mixture from thecrystallization step is then diluted with water

and the resulting crystals are dried by theremoval of the residual water.

• Lutein prepared contains more than 80% totalcarotenoids of which lutein is present at 70 – 78%. Zeaxanthin (2 – 9%) and othercarotenoids are also present.



Mechanism of action

• Lutein and zeaxanthin are effective antioxidants,protecting important biomolecules and cellsagainst damage, induced by free radicals,

• Lutein and zeaxanthin inhibit lipid peroxidationwhich is responsible for retinal andcardiovascular disease.

• lutein and zeaxanthin can inhibit thickening of thewalls of carotid arteries and LDL-induced

migration of monocytes to human artery cellwalls. These are potential mechanisms for luteinʼs protective effect in cardiovascular disease.



• In the case of skin health, lutein, zeaxanthin,andother carotenoids appear to be depleted in theskin under conditions of prolonged UV light

exposure.• Skin exposure to UV rays generates reactive

oxygen species, inflammation in skin cells.

• Intake of dietary antioxidants, including lutein

and zeaxanthin, reduces this inflammatoryresponse, as carotenoids are poor absorbers of UV light.



Health Benefits

• They have beneficial effects in two age-related

eye diseases – 1- age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

2- cataract

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

• AMD is the most common cause of visualimpairment and blindness

•

Lutein is thought to protect the eye fromdegenerative changes due to certain wavelengthsof light.



Cataract-

• Oxidative damage to lens cell membranes is

considered an important factor in the initiation

and progression of age-related cataracts.

• Increased lipid peroxidation products have been

detected in the eyes of patients with cataract.

• Studies show that high lutein intake leads toreduced cataract extraction.



• Cancer-

• Xanthophylls may possess antimutagenic andanticarcinogenic properties and play a role in thehealth of body tissues other than the eye. plasmalutein was found to be protective againstenzymatic changes in the liver.

Lung Cancer

• Some studies report a large reduction in theincidence of lung cancer in those with the highestlutein and zeaxanthin intakes.



Coronary Heart Disease

• lutein may have a protective effect against theprogression of early atherosclerosis. High circulatingxanthophyll levels indicated reduced carotid artery

intima media thickness.

Stroke

• In plasma, there was an inverse correlation between

lutein and malondialdehyde in ischemic strokepatients. The research suggest that lutein may improveclinical outcomes following ischemic stroke.



Nutrient interactions

• Beta-carotene supplements reduce blood levels of lutein,suggesting that carotenoids may compete with each otherfor absorption.

• Supplementing your diet with pectin or other forms of supplemental dietary fiber such as guar, wheat bran,alginate, or cellulose may decrease the absorption of lutein.

• Susceptible to hydrolysis by lipases

• Cholesterol reducing and obesity controlling medicinesreduce the absorption of carotenoids.

• Non-dietary factors affecting absorption andbioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin include age, bodycomposition, gender, malabsorption of fats, alcoholconsumption, smoking, and liver or kidney disease



Drug-Nutrient Interactions

• Certain drugs, nutritional supplements, and foods havebeen reported to decrease the absorption of lutein/zeaxanthin. Cholesterol-loweringmedications,including colestipol , and Xenocal.

• A drug used to treat obesity, may reduce the absorption of fat-soluble carotenoids.

• Proton-pump inhibitors such as Prilosec,Losec, andProtonix, increase gastric pH and have been shown todecrease the absorption of a single dose of beta-carotene.

•

Mineral oil, corn oil, medium chain triglycerides, olestra,and pectin may also inhibit the absorption of lutein andzeaxanthin.



Side Effects and Toxicity

• No toxicities or adverse reactions have been

reported for lutein/zeaxanthin at doses of up

to 40 mg daily for two months.

• High doses of lutein and zeaxanthin (>30 mg

daily) have been associated with

carotenodermia

• No mutagenic effect for purified lutein.



Dosage

• Average daily intake for lutein and zeaxanthin is 2.0-2.3

mg daily for men and 1.7-2.0 mg daily for women,although dietary intakes of approximately 6-20 mglutein daily appear to be necessary to decrease risk of macular degeneration.

• Although commercially available lutein/zeaxanthinsupplements often contain significantly more luteinthan zeaxanthin, new products are being developedwith higher amounts of zeaxanthin. Typically,luteinsupplements are available in either 6- or 20-mg tablets

or capsules. While the 20-mg dose is more typical andis usually taken once daily. Carotenoids are bestabsorbed in the presence of fat.



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SWAPNIL Zeaxanthin and Leutin