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B n:eJIH .n;aHHol!: KHHrH He BXO.n;HT aceoseamonra OXBaT XOpOBO:l!: M)'31>IKH BTOpOH IIOJlOBHHbI XX CTOJleTHJI; B HHX paCCMaTPHBlIlOTCjj JIHIIIb HaH60Jlee 3Ha'lHTeJIhaste li spxaeasneaaa 3apy6e)I(Hol!: H PYCCKOl!: M)'3blKH Ha npassepe XOpOBbIX CO'lHaeaa, II TaK)I(e 3aTParHBlIlOTCll BOnpOCbI, xacaromaecs HX HCnOJIHe=. BCJle.n;CTBHe pll3HOpO.n;HOCTH arranaaapyeeasrx cosaaeaaa H CBll3aHHbIX C HHMH np06J1eM, B pasHOH CTeneHH OCBem;eHHbIX B M)'3bIKOBe.n;qeCKo:l!: mrreparype, B HX paccMOTPeHIDl HaMepeHHO He nenaerca YHH$m

5 O'IEPKH IlO COBPEMEIIHoll xorosoanHTEPATYPE

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TOHOBYID TeXHRKY, Beepn He ocymecrsan xasecrseaaoro cxasxa B KOMlI03RTOPCKOR 3BOJllOI(RH... OH He yrepan aaxero R3 saaoeaaanoro HM panee, a aams O'l:RCTHJI B 60JThmeR CTeUeHH CTHJII, OT ncero C.JIY'laRHOrO H aenoraxnoro l.

IIeHHe, IX H XOPOBbIX CO'l:HHeHH:il Beepaa, IX "KOH" H ",lJ;HC" B CMbIcne 3CTeTH'leCKoJi HX UpOTRBOllOnO)l(HOCTH, TaKRM 06pa30M, ,l\HCCOHaHCbI CTaHOBJITCJI 3CTeT!f'IeC.KR OUTHMa.JThHbIMID}3.

Hccnenosareira raopsecraa Beepsa OTMe'laK>T Jl1060llbITHbIH UCHXOnOI'H'IecKHJi cPeHOMeH; KOMl103HTOP, npOCT8BlIJlJI XpOHOMeTPaJK CBOHX CO'lHHeHH:il, olIIH6ancJI nosra B):(BOe B 60lIbmym CTOPOHy4. Hanpnsrep, BpeMJI HCrrOllHeHHJI IIepBoR KaHTaTbI, 0603Ha'leHHOe Be6epHOM B naprarype, - 20 MHHyT, onnaxo Ha CaMOM nene KaHTaTa 3BY'l:HT He 60nee 10 MHHyT (B acnonaeiraa non ynpaaneaaesr Poepra Kpara- 6', a non ynpaaneaaesa Ilsepa Bynesa - 8'). Ilprrsaaa sroro - Heo6bI'l:aRHaJI CMbICllOBaJI HaCIJm;eHHOCTb KaJK,l\orO saysarnero MOMeil1'a ere M)'3bIKR, n03TOM)' Be6epHOBCKRe CO'lllHeHHJI npa npocnynrasaaaa HJIH npa asysenaa naprarypsr KaJKYTCJI scerna WIJIID.HMHCJI 60JThrrmH npOMe)J()'TOK BpeMeHH, 'leM B p:eRCTBHTelIbHOCTH.

Kaumama Das Augenlicht (

9 TPH KAlITAThI AHrOHA BEI>EPHA

Cmons MHOZ03y'lHOMy, umo HOIlb npoceemnena. T60ux ZJly6UH COKp06UU/G, opemenuue OHeM, 3a6upaem cuepms He3aMemHO C cooii. OOHaKO u3 ee 6e300HHO upauuux ZJly6UH C np06y.JICOeHUeM OHR, noonuuaioiueeo C60U 6eKU, Bcnnueatom 6 H060M 63ZJ1JlOe unozue 'lyoeca, If 3mUM OH cmaH06UmC51 etqe 'npeKpaCHee.

Ilepeas xaumama Op. 29 lIepBOHa'laJThHO 3a;:J;yMlill!aJIacr, KaK BTOPa5l CHM

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11 TPIfKAlITAThIAHTOHABEBEPHA

III 'l.aCTh - lKeHCKHH XOp, conpaao HOpKeCTP, V 'l.aCTh - cMemaJIHhIil: XOp, conpaao, cxpamca-obligato a opxecrp, VI 'l.aCTh - CMemaHRbrH XOp a opxecrp.

Harepecasns npHMepOM CBJl3M ,lJ;O,lJ;eKacPoHHOH TeXHHKH CO CTapHHHOH xoposoa M)'3bIKOH J1BlIJIeTCJI VI xacrs BTOPOH KaRTaThI. Ee naprarypa BbIT'JIJI,lJ;IlT KaK opasen nOJIHcPOHHH crpororo CTHlIJI, HO 'l.eThIpexroJIOCHbrH KaROH BbIDOJIHeH Ha OCHOBe cepHHHOrOpJl,lJ;a (Ilpaxep I). 3T0 CJIOlKHaJI KOHCTpYKIJ;IDl He TOJlbKO B OTHOmeHHH roJIOCOBe,lJ;eHHJI, HO H B pHTMH'l.ecKoH OpraHR3~H MY3bIKaJIbHOrO 'reKCTa. Teua nanacaaa B rrepexeaaosr xerpe:

2 _ .113 .14J_JJ13 _.. JloJ I0.12 oIJ_I0 PHTMKlM TOHOM, Bb13bIliaeT accoIJ;HaIJ;HH CO CTapHHHOH apae H. XOpOBOH nOJlHcPoHHeH crpororo CTHJIJI, 'lT0 necoMHeHH,O ,CBH,lJ;eTeJlbCTBYeT o CHJIe ,ZJ;yXa XY)10lKHHKa, He CJIOMJIeHHOrO oxpyacasmea era ,lJ;eHCTBHTelIbHOCThIO.

PaCCMOTpHM aesoropsre oco6eHHOCTH )10,lJ;eKacPoHHOH TKaHR KaHTaT Beepaa'. KOMn03RTOP acnonsayer cepaa M3 12 3BYKOB, xoropsre aenpepsrsao H CHCTeMaTH'l.eCKH IIPOBO,lJ;HT B Pll3JIH'l.HbIX cPOpMax: P - npaxa, R - paKOXO,lJ;, I - HHBepCHJI, RlpaKOXO,lJ;HaJI HHBepCHJI (CM. IIpHMepbI 10, 3).

IIpHBe)1eM cepaa Be6epHoBcKHX OnyCOB 26 H 31; IJ;HcPPbI non eepHJIMH 03Ha'l.aIOT HHTepBaJIbI B nonyronax (Ilpaaep 2). Tpexaayaaae cerxerrru 3THX cepa pasaoopasasr no HHTepBaJIbHOMY, COCTaBy. O,D;HaKo cnenaqiaxy HHTOH~OHHOCTH sefiepHOBCKHX cepa COCTIlBlIJIeT CO'l.eTaHHe nayx THIIOB HHTepBaJlOB- MaJIOH ceKYfl,lJ;bI M Tepn;HH (MaJIOH M 60lIbmOH): B nonyroaax - cersresrsr 1.3. M 1.4.

B cepaa KaHTaThI op. 29 oaeas cymecraeaao JlBlIJIeTCJI H,lJ;eJl CHMMelJlHHB3aHMOCOOTBeTCTBHJI H B3aHMOOTpax

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13 TPMKAHTATbI AmOHA BE];EPHA

11H0r.n:a cepaaasre ronoca .n:y6imP)'lOTCJI, KaK, aarrpasrep, B I 'lacm KaHTaThI op. 29, TT. 14-16. Ilepasra axxopz; xopa: COIIpaHO .n:y6JIHpYeTCJI TeHopOM, arrsr > 6acOM B 60llbIII)'lO CeKYH.ll:Y (Ilpaaep 7).

AKKOP.n;bI B xanrarax pll3H006pll3HbI IIO caoe c1pYKTYPe, HO B HHX 06J13aTellbHO IIpHcyrCTByeT ozraa-zrse 60llbnme CeIITHMbI mm ozraa-naa IIOnyTOHa (aarepsansr 11 HnB 1), TO ecrr, .n;nJI XOpOBOH sepraxana xapaxrepasr C03B)"lHJI C IIOnyTOHOM - reMHaKKOp.ll:bI. HanpHMep, KaHTaTa Op. 26, TT. 64-65, 67:

~ I ~~ I ~ ~ ~~ I 2Nq~~ I...".....-"--~~.T.64 T.6S, T.67 ~4>PbI 03Ha'laIOT OTC1lHTbIBaeMbIe CHH3Y asepx aarepsansr, H3 KOTOpbIX COCTOJIT aKK0P.ll:bI (Ilpaxep 8).

MTaK, .n:aeHa.n;IIamTOHOBoH TeXHHKe Beepaa IIpRcYIIIa JIHHeapHOCTh. Ho KaK JKe HHToHHpoBaTh TaKYIO MY3bIKY?

Cl;lMo HHTOHHpoBaHHe B03MOJKHO = IIpR ycnosaa npaaansaoro CllbIIIIaHHJI .n:aeHa.n;IIamTOHOBoH 3BYKOBOH MaTepHH.

B OTJllf'IHe OT MY3bIKH IIpOIIIJIoro C ee OIIOpOH Ha TOHallbHO-4>YHKIIHOHallbHbIe CBJI3R B .n:9.n:eKa4>ORHH IIpOHCXO.n;HT onopa Ha cepl'Iil:Hbrii: PM .:TOT CaMbrii: HHBapRaHT CTpYKTYPbI, xoropsr BbIDO=eT TY JKe 4>)'HKIUIIO, 'ITO H 1:0HHKa B MaJKOpHOMHHOpHOH TOHaJThHOcrn. B IIepB)'lO osepens TaKHMH HHBapHaHT3MH J1BnJiIOTCJI HH~ 'repnam-asre KOMnneKCbI THIIa: IIOnyTOH - cexyrrna, IIOnyTOH - ManaJI TepIIHJI, IIOnyTOH::- 60llbIDaJI TepIIHJI, IIOnyTOH - xaapra, nOnyTOH - TpHTOH (1.2 - 1.6), TO ecrs reMHrpylIlILI. MMeRHo ORH H CTpYKTYPHp)'lOT Meno.n:mcy Beepaa,

Crpoeaae MenO.n;HKH C nmpOKHMH CKa'lKaMH o-reas xapaxrepao .n;nJI TeMaTH3Ma Beepaa, n03TOMY soxansasra 3BYK .n:OnJKeH 6bITh M:aKCHMaJJLHO npH6JIHJKeH K HHCTpYMeHTaJILHOMY, TaK KaK H3JIHIIIHee vibrato (HnB npyraa KpaHHOCTh - OTCYTCTBHe ero, firrexrrsr 3BYK) 01pHIIaTellbHO CKaJKeTCJI Ha xasecrae HHTOHHpOBaHHJI TaKoro mna MY3bIKH, rrte xpaaae 3BYKH ztaanasoaa 6epYTCJI 6e3 IIOC'I)'IleHHoro .n:aHJKeHHJI, CKa'lKOM, 'laCTO B THXOM moance H Ha KOPOTK}'lO .ll:JIHTellbHOCTb. HanpaMep, KaHTaTa Op. 26, napras acoa B TT. 102-103 (Ilpaaep 9).

Ilpa pasysasaaaa KaHTaT B nepsyro o-repens peKOMeH.n:yeTCJI OCBOHTh cepmo B ee 'leTI>Ipex 4>OpMax CP, R, I, Rl), CB060.n;H0 ners KaJK.ll:bIii: cepHHHhIH PM OT rnooro ID 12 3BYKOB (12 cepHHHbIX PMOB x Ha 4 4>OPMbI = 48). Ilpa 3TOM JKenaTellbHO MbICJIHTh HHTepBaJJLHo, a He nanoso, .n:aJKe B TeX cnyxaax, r.n:e no 6billO 6bI B03MOJKHO Ha KOpOTKHX npOMeJKYTKax, aanpaaep, a-cis-d - 60llbillaJI TepIIHJI H IIOnyTOH, a He .n:OMHHaHTa, BBO.n;Hbrll: 3BYK H TOHHKa'.

1 IO. H. Xononos B crarse KaI< rters nosyto M)'3bIKy XX sexa (II BocII\ITIlHHe M)'3bIKllJIbHOro cnyxa. - M., 1985. - C. 59-85) npeanaraer MHT0IDlpoBaTh ,l(O,l(eKaq,oHHble co'UiHeHHJl B ~enOM Hananoroaansaoa OCHOBe, HO npH nOM xccnenoaarem, npanaer ocooe asaxeane ocsoeamo rexarpynn, TO ecrs Meno~eclOIX rpynn CnOnyTOHoM. Ecna B M)'3b1Ke C'rpaBHHCKOfO ,l(O,l(eKaq,OHHOfO nepaona rrpamran na,l(OBOH YCTaHOBKH 6e3ycnOBHO nOMOlKeT npeononers MHTOHa~OHHble TPY,l(HOCTH, Tal< KaI< cepaa y C'rpaBHHCKOro ,l(HaTO~IIbI no CBoeH npapone (B qaCTHOCTH, B npOH3Be,l(eHHH Canticum sacrum, KOTOpoe paCCMa1j?HBaeTClI BO Bmoposs o.epKe), TO B KaHTaT3X Beepaa, Ha HaIII B3fnlI,l(, Ha nepsoe MeCTO BC~ lKe BbI!lHraeTClI HHTepB8nbHOe HHTOIDIpOBaHMe Conopo Ha reMMrpynrrsr, rax KaK OCHOBy seepaoscxo MenO,l(Hl(H H aKKOp,1J;HKH COCTaBlIlIeT aarepnan 60mmOH CenTHMbI (ManOH HOIlbI).

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15 TPH KARTAThI AHrOHA BEbEPHA

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Ilpesrsepa CO'lHHeHIDI H. . Crpasaacxoro (1882-1971) Canticum sacrum ad honorem Sancti Marci Norninis (CIDIIIJ;eHHOe necaoneaae BO ClIlIBY HMeHR CBlITOrO Mapxa) WllI 'rerropa, 6apHTOHa, csrenraanoro xopa H opxecrpa Ha lIaTIlHCKHH TeKCT H3 Berxoro H HOBOro 311BeTOB (1955-1956) COCTOHJIaCb 13 ceHTH6pH 1956 rona non yrrpaaneaaesr lIBTOpa B Beaerraa, B co6ope. CBHTOro Mapxa, To, 'ITO CBJIID;eHHOe necaoneaaex npezraaanaaanocs WllI HcrrOlIHeHIDI HMeHHO B co6ope, HMelIO nna

t Crpanaacxoro fionsnroe aaaseaae, 6billO, KaK OH CaM rrHCaJI, O,l:\HOR ID CaMbIX 1.60lIbIllHX nosecrea, OKa3aHHbIX .eMY B lKH3HH

3TO CO'lHHeHRe HaxO,l:\HTCH B PH.L\Y TaKHX rr03,l:\HRX XOPOBbIX OrryCOB KOMII03HTOpa, KaK KaHTaTa Ha aHOIDIMHbIe TeKCTbI aarnacxo II033HR XV-XVI BeKOB, Threni (eflna-ra), IlpOIIOBe,l:\b, nparxa H MOlIHTBID>, Anthem Ha ClIOBa T. C. 3lIHOTa, IlOTOII, Introitus II!lMlITH T. C. 3lIHOTa, Requiem canticles. Bee OHR o6:be,l:\HHeHbI CXOlKeCTbIO MY3bIKaJIbHOrO C= (lIpHMeHeHReM ,l:\O,l:\eKa4!oHHoR TeXHHKH) H peJIHTIl:03HOR TeMamKoif. Ilo nosony pHMCKO-KaTOlIH'leCKOR aarrpaaneaaocra CBORX XOpOBbIX IIpOH3Be,l:\eHHii: II03,l:\HerO nepaona H. CTpllBHHCKIDi: ronopan: ClIlIBHHCKIDi: H3bII< PYCCKOR lIHTYPrHH ncerna 6bill H3bIKOM MORX MOlIHTB - B ,l:\eTCTBe li reneps... - H no-rrpeosnesry C'lHTaIO ces IIpllBOClIlIBHbIM... Iloxesry lKe rorna H HaIIHCaJI pHMCKO-KaTOlIH'lecKYIO Meccy? IlOTOMY 'lTO XOTelI, 'lT06bI ee HCIIOlIHHlIH B cJIYiK6e, 'lTO a6COlIIOmo HeB03MOlKHO B pyCCKOR I\epKBH, TaK KaK 3aKOHbI IIpllBOClIaBHH sanpemaror ysacrae HHCTpYMeHTOB B cJIYiK6e, a H BbIHOmy IIeHHe 6e3 aKKOMIIaHeMeHTa lIHIllb B MY3bIKe C lIpHMHTHBHOR rapMOHHeR3.

21 CANTICUM SACRUM WOP>! CTPABIIHCKOrO

Killi . CJIY'IaH B TBOpqeCTBe CTpaBHHCKOrO. I1cn0JIb30BaHHe :3TOrO anracrpaBHHCKOrO HHCTpYMeHTa 06yCJIOBJIeHO opaearanae KOMn03HTOpa Ha JKaHpOBO

CTHJIHCT~eCKHe oc06eHHOCTH 'raopsecraa npencrasarenea BeHeIUlaHCKoi!: KOMno3HTOpCKOi!: IIIKOJThI XVI-XVII BeKOB, cljJopMHpOBaBrnei!:CJI rrpa coope Casroro Mapxa, Apxarexrypa sroro coopa CHMBOJIHqeCKH OTpaJKeHa B MY3bIKaJThHOM CTpoeHHR Canticum. C.n;eJIaHO 3TO TaK MaCTepCKH, 'ITO npa CrryITIaHHH He B03HHKaeT MbICJTh 06 HCKYCCTBeHRoi!: 1jJ0pMe-cxeMe. IlJITh npHTBOpOB 6a3HJIHKH COOTBeTCTByroT IIJITH qaCTJIM KaHTaTbI. I H VqaCTH nonoasr - V sacrs ecrs paxoxon I-i!: (TO ecrs TO, 'ITO B I qaCTH H.n;eT enesa aanpaso, B V qaCTH H)J;eT crrpasa aaneso):

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/ IIIq. II q.

II H IV qaCTH 06pllMJIJll()T crroJKHYIO no 1jJ0pMe III sacrs, KOTOpalI, cnenys TeKCry, qrreHHTCJI Ha TpH pasnena, COOTBeTCTByroIII;HX TpeM HTIOCTaCJIM noponerena: mo6BH, Ha;n;elK)J;e, sepe.

Cnosa KpaHHHX sacre Canticum sacrum .B3JITbI H3 EBanreJIHJI OT Mapxa: B I qaCTH H3 XVI rJIaBbI 15 CTHXa, a B V qaCTH H3 20 CTHXa 3TOi!: JKe rnansr (CM. TeKCT). OHR 06be)J;llHJlIOT BCe COqHHeHRe MbICJThIO O pacnpocrpaaeaaa Bnaro BecTH no BceMYMHpy.

Bo II H III qaCTJIX HCnOJTh3yroTCJI COJThHble ronoca rreaop H 6apHTOH). 3TH qaCTH HanHCaHbI B cepaao TeXHHKe. KOMn03HTOP npHMeHJIeT .n;ne cepaa, CepHJI II qaCTH: IIpHMep 1. CepHJI III H IV qaCTeii:: IIpHMep 2. .

O)J;Ha H3 ocoeaaocre TeXHHKH KOMn03HIU1H CTpaBHRCKOrO (B TOM xacne H n03)J;HerO nepaona) COCTOHT B TOM, 'ITO npa BbI60pe HHTOHaIJ;HOHHOrO MaTepHaJIa )J;JIJI cepaaoro pana OT,I\aeTCJI npezmosreaae )J;HaTOHU'IeCKoi!: nOCJIe,l\OBaTeJlhHOCTH 3BYKOB ()J;HaTOH~eCKHM nOJIJlM). O CBoeM TJlrOTeHHH K TOHaJIi:,HOCTH li )UlaTOHHKe CaM CTpaBHHCKHE: nsrcxassraancz HeO)J;HOKpaTHo.

Hecsrorpz Ha e,l:lHHCTBO sasrsrcna, MY3b1Ka B qaCTJIX Canticum. sacrum rrpa naemHeM paCCMOTpeHHH xoarpacraa, H 3TO CBJl3aHO C npHMeHeHHeM Pa3JIHqHbIX TeXHHK. B I H V qaCTJIX npe06JIa,IIaeT aKKOp.n;OBbIE: TRTI XOpOBOro nacsaa, a B III H IV qaCTJIX -:- nOJIHIjJOHHqecKHi!:. B CBOIO osepezrs 3TO OTpaJKaerCJI H Ha HCnOJIHHTenbCKHX rrponesrax, aezn, BnOJIHe eCTecTBeHHO, 'ITO HHTOHHpOBaHHe BepTHKaJThHbIX CO3Byqrri!: Ha OCHOBe nana OTJIHqHO OT HHTOHHpOBaHHJI ceparrsrx nocrpoeaa,

rapMOHHqeCKoi!: OCHOBOH I qaCTH (H, COOTBeTcTBeHHO, V qaCTH) JffiJIJieTCJI aarepBaJThHalI rpynna H3 sersrpex 3BYKOB a-b-h-d. 3Ta rpynna - HHTOHaIJ;HOHHOe 3epHO; H3 KOTOpOro asrpacraer BCll rapMOHHJI I qaCTH H IjJHHarra. KpOMe TOro ee MOJKHO pas6HTh Ha nsa ceraeara: b-h-d H a-d. ORH npHMeHJlIOTCJI H BepTHKaJThHO (KaK aKKOP.n;), H ropH30HTaJIbHO (KaK MOTHB).

IIPH paore Ha,II BepTHKaJThHbIM crpoesr KpaHHHX xacrea KaJK,I\bIE: asxopn He HYJKHO BbICTpaHBaTb CneIIHaJIbHO, 3aHOBO, B mo60M li3 C03Byqrri!:6y,I\YT npacyrcrBOBaTh 3BYKH H3 rpynnsr a-b-h-d, xoropsre H nOCJIYlKaT onopo B HHTOHHpOBaHHH. CTpaBHHCKHH HeCKOJThKO pas nomepxasaer B CBOHX

23 "CANTICUM SACRUM>, HroP>l CrPABllHCKOro

fi 'IaCTb KaHTaTbI HMeeT !l>opMy COCTaBHOrO TIilla (B neJIOM XapaI

25 CANTICUM SACRUM HroPJI C11'ABHIICKOro

Tpa .n.yxOBHl1le neCHH Kapne ,r(lKe3YaJIb.n;0 ,1l;H BeH03a, aasepmeaasre H. CrpaBIiHCKHM K 400-H ronosnrane CO )J;HJI pOJKJJ;eHIDI ,[(lKe3YaJIb.n;0 )J;Jlll CMemaHHOrO xopa 6e3 conponoaczterraa, 1957-1959.

Ilponoaens, nparsa li MOmi:TBa, xaarara )J;Jlll ansra li TeHOpa, xopa li opxecrpa Ha aHrnliHcKHH TeKCT, 1960-1961. IlOCB1lII:(aeTclI Ilaymo 3axepy. 1. Ilponosezts (HOBI1lH 3aBeT, PHMnlIHaM, VII, 24, 25; EBpeJlM, II, 1). 2. Ilparsa Iloaeaae KaMIDIMH CB. Crediaaa. (HOBI1lH 3aBeT, ,[(elIHIDI, VI, 2, 4, 5, 7-12, 15; IV, 1, 51, 52, 54-60). 3. MOJIHTBa (as Tossaca ,[(eKKapa; Ilaasra npenonoaoro ,[(lKeiiMca MaKJIeHHa,

YMepmero B 1960). AJrreM CnyCKaJICb, ronys paccexaer B03.llyx (e'Fhe Dove Descending Breaks

the Air) Ha CTHXIi T. C. 3JIHOTa,)J;Jlll xopa 6e3 conpososcreaaa, 1962. Iloron, 61i6neHCKaJI anneropas o HOBOM xosxere, My3bIKaJIbHOe npezicraane

HRe )J;Jlll 'l.TeI\a, neBI\OB, xopa, opxecrpa li TaHI\0POB, TeKCT COCTaBneH P. KpaepTOM Ha OCHOBe Berxoro sasera (El1lTHe), HopKCKoro li 'lJeCTepcKoro c06paHIDI MHCTepliH XV sexa li aHOHHMHOH cpe,1l;HeBeKOBOH n03MbI, 1961-1962.

Kaaoaasecxa HH1'pOIiT naserra T. C. 3JIHOTa )J;Jlll MYlKcKoro xopa li KaMepHOrO aHCaM6HlI Ha narancxa TeKCT 1i3 PHMCKO-KaTOflHqeOKOH aayrroxoao Mecebl, 1965.

Saynoxoasre necaoneaas (

27 "CANTICUM SACRUM HroPJI CTI>ABHHCKOrO

Ilpaaep S Tempo I, J. 108 .

Ph-a ,~ I~ V-le

div in 2

tranquulo, '1llf

~ ) I ~"lJ tranqulllo,'1llf ,~ ~

-.J_T. 24\ o~'-

L"lJ I

div.

L-_L /X_~h I c---.......r.-., ~I L _L /Xa~ .ha I ~r.-.

I b _L 1~;S. li:~I': 'f': .L rt-;-.---..

I

llpRMep6 -

CWf.} E lO u - "'" .. - ml Iii lllS .1 -

E -

lO u - .. - ';" -.: lIa-t-:; #-.. ~ ";l-~. '&,-."'" aw. ,

E -

u

"""

~. ~ e' (JI>.!

_ifP ,Imr~

~ ~

."

J.J.,oJ

~ ."""".... I ,. II -ifP

.

If:n."'1 ifPII I.

,.....

.....

'"

e.. -

G dl, = - ~- .. - ~ - ~.= '"

, , , , ~ - ';" -

4l.d1,..--- ,~ dl. ou.

-

,~ ~ -

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= '"

ml -

..-..._--

.- .... e.. - ~ - ,~ - dt- di, - er, dl.~o ~, '--R. L

,~

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ou

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II

29

Ha Ham B3rJUl):(, lIBJUleTCJI CTaTbJl O ,ZJ;HpIDKepax H ,lJ;HpIDKHpOBaHID> (e, 184-192) H3 KHHI'H H. CTpaBHHCKHH - ny6JmIJ;HCT H coecemrax, B KOTOpOH KOMrr03HTOp osens OCTpO OT3bmaeTCJI o MHornx H3BeCTHbIX ,ZJ;HpIDKepax H 06 HCKYCCTBe ,ZJ;HpIDKHpOBaHIDI."

B .D:Harrorax (Ha C. 109-110) rrpHBO,ZJ;HTCJI yCJIOBHaJI Ta6JmIJ;a, B KOT0pOH CrpaBHHCKHH cpasnanaer enoe TBopqeCTBO C TBOpqeCTBOM Illenfepra. HCrrOJIb3YJl sry MelO, MhI rrpHBO,ZJ;HM B 3aKJIlOqeHHe aaanorasayto Ta6JmIJ;y, KOTOpaJI 06beKTHBHO HJIJIlOCTpHpyeT CyrIleCTBeHHOe paanasae TBOpqeCKHX MeTo.n;OB CTpaBHHCKOrO H Be6epHa H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, ,ZJ;HcPcPepeHIJ;RpOBaHHbrn HCrrOJIHHTeJIbCKHH nozrxon K ax

.. COqHHeHHJIM: Beepu . CmpaeUHCKUU

HHrePBllJILlILIi! 1'0,1\:

Ornomeaae k TeMIIy:

Illrpaxa:

THIILI BLIpIl3HreJII,HOCTIl. ~aMHka:

XpOMaTIl3M

I1IHpOKoe IlpHMeHeHHe rubato

Legati

Espressivo. Ilaprarypsr nOJIHLI 0603HaqeHHi! ,l\HHaMHKH

Staccati

Seeeo. IIapTlfl)'PLI cO,1\epJKaT MBHHMYM 0603HaqeHHi! ",l\HHaMHkH

~.

IIpo.n;oJDK1lTb Ta6JmIJ;y MOlKHO CpaBHeHHeM BhI60pa TeKCTOB ,D;BYMJ! KOMIl03HTOpaaa. 3m TeKCThI, HeCMOTpJl Ha BCe ax pasnasae, 6e3yCJIOBHO 06be,ZJ;HIDIeT fJIy6HHa c)')K.ll:eHHii: o CMhlCJIe qeJIOBeqeCKOH lKH3HH:

Jlareparypasr nepBOKCTOqHHK:

XaPaKTePKCTHkK: .

CTHXH Xansnerapn HOHe, HeMelJ;Klli! Jl3LIK

IIo33Hl1 Cxpacosasnra, 'l)'BCTBeHHO-KoRKpeTHblMK 061'113aMH, JlHDIelffi8JI CIO)KeTHOC11l, HO orpaacarornaa ,l\BKJKeHHll B qeJIOBe'1eCkOM cepnne

parMeH'ID1 bK6mm H3 HOBOro K BeTXOro 3aBeTOB, JIaThIHb

Crporne, OTIoqeHIILIe xaaoansecxae cj>PIl3L1, BLIpaJKalOllUIe 3aKJIKHaTellbHbOO> xapazrep nepxosaoro paryana

lli CKa3!IHHOrO BbIIIIe MOlKHO .n;OCTaTOqaO JlCHO onpenenars pa3JmqID1 B nonxonax K XOpOBOMY IlHCbMY ,D;BYX KOMIl03HTOPOB, apTHK}'JIJII:(llli, urrpaxass, ,D;HHaMHKe, arorase H; COOTBeTCTBeHHO, B03HHKHYBmee H3 sroro pasaoopasaeIDlTeprrpeTan;HH .n;0.n;eKacPoHHbIX rrpOH3Be.n;eHHH Beepaa H CTpaBHHCKoro.

31

..

Ir, cANTO SOSPESO JIYH,!llICli HOHO

lICeHRe e,lJ;liHCTBeHHOrO pemeaaa opasyerca 6JIaro,n:apH IlPRH~1illY OTKpbrrOCTB ana MHOllCeCTBeHHOCTH 3HaqeHHH li B03MOlKHOCTe:.

B cepezraae 50-x ronen B TBOpqeCTBe HOHO 0603HaqaeTCH aarepec K

33 "IL CANTa SOSPESO JIYH,lVKII HOHO

HOH TeXHH'IeCKOH OCHOBOH CO'lRHeHIDI, n03BOJlllJl nOJIY'laTb mosre COqeTaHIDl 3BYKOB, pa:3JlH'1Hble aKKop,n:OBbIe (, BIUIOTb zto ozraonpexearroro COe,n:HHeHHJI pasHoro sonasecrsa MaJIbIX cexyazt, ,n:aIOIl.I,RX HaH60JIee CJIHTHyIO B TeM6pOBOM OTROnreaaa xpacxy (IIpHMep l).

PacCMOTpHM II sacrs KaHTaTbI, Ha.IIHCaHHylO ,!WlI xopa a cappella. BCJI qacTb nocTpoeHa Ha 19 nposezreaasx 3BYKOBbICOTHOH cepaa B OCHOBHOM BMe OT 3BYKa a, npH'JeM cepansre pll)J;bI npoxonsr li no BepTHKaJIH, II no ,n:HarOHaJIH. Harrpaxep, B rrepaax nrecra TaKTax II qacTH cepas npOBO,n:HTCJI TpH pasa: HHHI:J;HaJIbHbIe (HaqaJIbHbIe) TOHM ~ a B T. 1 (co-alto l), a B T. 3 (soprano l), a B T. 5 (c.-alto 2)

, (IIpHMep 2). pHTMH'!eCKaJI cepas KaHTaTbI:

3 S S S~3 r-r- ~~ ~ ---, ...... )l J , ~ )l. J o ~)l

~

o CL J )l. , J )l. , )l ~

1~""----/ "----/ U

I 1. 3 S 8 13 13 8 S 3 1. I 1. 3 4 S 1. 3 4 S S S 4 S

-' ..'.

....

'. '-.

---_o.. _....__.. ------ 0- ..' .' -'-. - .. - .. -_ ........ _..-'

-----.-. _o o o _ _. - ............_--- .........-'-".-

...........

Ilo "!HCJIHTeJIJIM OHa CHMMeTpH"lHa. Jloraxa J:(HcPP "!HCJIHTeJIJI COCTOHT B cnenyromeM: nocnenyromee "!HCJIO paaao cYMMe,n:ayx npensmymax, TO ecrs 1+2=3,2+3=5, 5+3=8, 5+8=13; sro TaK Ha:3bIBaeMDIil: PJl,ll; H6oHa'I'IH. 3HaMeHaTeJIH pana 03HaqaIOT nponeaae OCHOBHOiLpHTMJIqecKOH e,n:HHJIW,I (seraepra) Ha COOTBeTCTByrolJ:(He qacTH 0 - 3TO BOCbMaJI, 4 - meCTHlI,!(IlaTaJI H T. zt.), a "!HCmITeJIH - KOJIHqecTBO 3THX qaC-TeH, aanpauep, )l. - 3TO 34 , TO ecrs TpH mecraamtarsre, a

~ CL - 134, TO ecrs TpHH~aTbmeCTHlI,!(IlaTbIX."----/ . . B nepsox nposezrenaa 3BYKOBbICOTHOrO pana Ka>K,l\0MY 3BYKY COOTBeTCTByeT on

pezreneaaas p~ecKaJI ezraaana: 3 3

r-- ---, r- ---"

)l J, )l. J o ~ )l o ~ CL J "----/ "----/

l 1. . 3 s 8 13 13 s 3 2 3 4 s 1. 3 4 s S

1. 4

a b as h g C fis cis f d e es Ilepnsre sersrpe TOHa 3BYKOBbICOTHOH cepaa H3JIaraIOTCJI O,n:HOBpeMeHHO, npa

3TOM cpasy ,n:aIOTCJI nee qeTb1pe OCHOBHbIX BMa .n:p06JIeHIDI MeTpH'IecKOH e,n:HHHIIbI Ha.!ml! (60CbMaJl B c.-alto 2), !!lli (serseprs ID rpynnaponxa mpuonunux 60CbMbIX B soprano 2), qeThI))e (TpH tuecmuaouamux B soprano l) H IIJITb (serseprs, pasaas K6UllmOJlU meCTH~aTbIX,B c.-alto l) (CM. Ilpasrep 2).

B ,n:aJIbHeil:meM TaKOe cosnaneaae napymaercs, TaK KaK "!HCJIHTeJIH pHTMH'IeCKOro pana nOCJIe,D;OBaTeJIbHO nepeaemarorca Ha oaay e.munm.y C KlllK,L\bIM HOBbIM npo

1,Be,n:eHHeM cepaa, TeM CaMbIM opasys POTlIIJHI0 TO ecrs HOBoe nposeneaae 36)fKOeucomuoii cepaa 6y,n:eT Ha'lRHaTbCJI He C nepso ,n:JIHTeJIbHOCTH pUmMU'leCKOU cepHH, a C TOH ,n:JIHTeJIbHOCTH, "!HCJlliTeJIb KOTOpOH 6y,n:eT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb "!HCJIHTemo CJIe.n:yromeH e,D;HHHW>I pHTMH'IecKOH CepHH. Hanpaxep, sropoe nposezreaae cepaa

------------.~.

l POTlIIJ;Heii H83hIBaeTClI T3J(oe nocnenosaane 3B)'KOB cepaa, npa KOTOPOM nepssr 3B)'K npensurymero psna CTlIHOBHTClI nOCJIel\HHM.

35

:'.;

lt. cANTO SOSPESO nYH)lllGl HOHO

fIocne.wme xersrpe npOBe.L\eHIDI CepHH (16-19) 06Pll3)'KlT 3aKJllO'llITeJThHIJil: pas.L\en qacm li HMelOT coaepmenao ocoyro pHTMK'IecK}'IO CTPYKTYPY, B KOTOpOH npe06na,D;aIDT .L\OJIrHe ,D;nHTeJThHOCm. Ilpaxaaa sroro - OT.L\eneHHe CaMbIX 3Ha'IHTeJThHbIX cnOB,. BbIpIDKaIDlI{IIX H,L\elO sacra. Muoio per la giustizia. Le nostre idee tnceranno... KH0 IIp0.L\OJlli(aTbCJI, TO cne.L\YlOlIlHii: 3ByK cepaa (KOTOpbIH .L\OJlli(eH BC1")'IIHTb scnen aa 3aKaH'IHBaIDIIlHMCJI B nI060M .L\PyrOM ronoce), IIOJIBJIJIeTCJI HMeHHO B TOM ronoce, rne .L\OlI)KHO rrpO.L\OlI:>KHTbCJI ClIOBO. ECnH ClIOBO IIpOlf3HeceHO nOnHOCTbIO (ana, ecna rOlIOC BC1)'IIHJI Ha CliMOCTOBTelIbHOH rnacao), TO cnenyionra 3ByK cepHH IiCIIOnHJIeTCB .L\PyrHM rOlIOCOM (TaKHM 06p1l30M nayssr MOryT 6bITb rrpocrasneasr nO'ITH aBTOMaTH'lecKH).

Bo II qacm KaHTaTbI HCII01Ib3YeTCB TaIOKe cepaa ,L\HHaMHKH: IIBTb cTa6uJIbHLIX (TO ecrs HeH3MeHJIeMbIX, BbI.L\ep)KaHHbIX) OTTeHKOB YCTaHaBlIHBaIDTCB OTHOCHTeJThHO IIeH1Jla CHMMeTpHIf mp, KOTOpbIH BC1'peqaeTCJI TOJThKO B Heli3MeHHOM BH,L\e (6e3 crescendo If diminuendo):

cz. ~ ppp p Imp mf fI ~"-- -> :::::;>-

Bee npyrae OTTeHKH BCTYIIaIDT B ClIe.L\YlOIIJ;He OTHOmeHIDI:

.., ...... pp < mf ppp ppp mf> ppp

~_.......~""""""'-~-=-

TeM CaMbIM nonysaerca mecrs BbIIIIeYKlI3aHHbIX MO.lQ'JIUpyroDJ;UX (TO ecrs 1i3Me

HlIIOIJ:J;UXCB) OTTeHKOB, raiose YCTaHaBlIHBaIDIJ:J;UX CHMMeTpHlO OTHOCHTeJThHOIIeHTpa. B o6IJ:J;UX qepTax MbI paccxorpena KOMII03HIIH0HH)'IO cTpYKTYPY II sacra, oc

ransnsre xopossre qacm lIO TeXHHKe BO MHOrOM C HeH CXO:>KH. Hanpaaep, IX qaCTb (xop li nHTaBPbI) BKlIlOqaeT 17 nposeneaaa 3ByKOBbICOTHOH cepaa; KaK li II xacrs, OHa HMeeT 3aKJllO'lHTeJThHbm pasnen - KO,D;y, B KOTOpO:ll: xop IIOeT 3aKpbITbIM pTOM (bocca chiusa) 15, 16, 17 IIpOBe.L\eHIDI cepaa (CM. IIpHMep 4 Ii).

B IIOCne.L\HeH qacTH KaHTaTbI nrecrs c'ra6HJThHbIX .mmaMH'lecKHX OTTeHKOB: ppp, pp, p, mp, mj, f

li ceMb MO,D;ynHP)'KllI{llX: ppp pp, mfz-ppp, mp z-p.

B 3TOH '1acm anepuste ClIOBO pll3.L\eJIJIeTCJI lIO ClIOraM, xoropsre IIepe.L\aIOTCJI Pll3HbIM rOlIOCaM, O.L\HaKO naprzrypa He BbIrJIJI,L\HT nepeYClIO:>KHeHHOH, HarrpOTHB, MO)l(HO JIHIIIb BOCXHlIlaTbCB 'lHCTOTOH nHHHH li BbIpll3liTeJThHOCTbIO KIDK.L\oro 3ByKa (Ilpaxep 4 A, Ii). ...

37 "IL CANTa SOSPESO JIYll.i\JKH HOHO

OTKJlOHeHHH. OC06eHHOCTh XOpOBOrO 3ByqaHIDI :nOH sacra 3aKJIIOqaeTCJI B TOM, qTO nerxae, IIp03pa'lHLIe lKeHCKHe ronoca He npOH3HOCJIT TeKCTa, OHH nOIOT bocca chiusa (3aKpbITbIM pTOM), normale(06~o),bocca quasi chiusa (KaK 6LI 3aKpbITbIM pTOM) H bocca quasi aperta (KaK 6LI 0TKPbITbIM pTOM), a TeKCT 3ByqHT Y canoro CBeTnOrO connpYIOIJJ;ero TeM6pa - conpaao.

B Ilpepsaano necae, no cBJmeTenbCTBY KOMn03HTOPa, oIJJ;yIJJ;aeTCJI CBJl3b C nonn!pOHHeH snoxa B03polK,lJ;eHHJI H paaaero 6apOKKO H .n;aJKe C nOnHTeKCTOBbIMH MOTeTaMH xn sexa. Bo BpeMJI HanHCaHHJI KaHTaTbI HOHo lIpOJIBnJIn ocoeaasra HHrepec K Mecce h-moll Eaxa H PeKBHeMY Monapra, ocoeaao K reM rronmpoaaae

ICKUM !pparMeHTaM, rne HCnOnb3}'lpTCJI pa3HJ>Ie TeKCTbI B' O,!J;HOBpeMeHHOM 3ByqaHHHHOHO HCnOnb3YeT He 1I0JIHbIe TeKCThI TIHCeM, a = HeKOTopLIe crpoxa H3 HHX, IIpe.n;CTaBnJIIO~eCJIeMY HaH60JIee BaJKHbIMH, H BOUJIOIJJ;aeT HX B MY3bIKaJIbHbIH MaTepHlIJJ KaJK,!J;OH qacm nO-pa3HOMY (nonasr TeKCT TIHceM nom6TIIHX yqaCTHHKOB COIIpOTHBneHHJI IIpHBO,!J;HTCHB IlpHJIolKeHHH l, a rexcr, HCnOnb3yeMLrl!: HOHO, H ero nepeson - B IlpMolKeHHH II). KaK YlKe YKa3bIBlIJJOCb, BO II H VI qaCTHX CJIom, Ha KOTOpLIe Pa36HBaIOTCJI CJIOBa, He nepenarorca pasasns roJIOCaM, nonoao IX sacra; B VII xacra .CJIOBa ssyser y COnHpYIOIJJ;ero COIIpaHO, a lKeHCKHH xop BbITIOJIHJ!eT pons !pOHa.

XOTR cosaaeaae HOHO paccsaraao Ha !pOHH3M H xpacxy HTllJ!:bjjHCKOrO R3bIKa, He KaJK)J;oe CJIOBO JIerKO BOCnpHHHMaeTCR cnymarenea, Haoopor, KaJKeTCJI, qTO CMbIcn TeKCTa OT Hac YCKOnb3aeT. 3TO IIpOHCXO,!J;HT noTOMY, 'ITO HH ozraa !ppa3a He 3BY'IHT D;enHKOM B O,!J;HOM rorroce: enona paccpe.n;OTO~aIOTCJIno aepraxana H naaronana, Pa36HBaIOTCR Ha CJIOm H !pOHeMbI. Pacceasaaae H aarymessrsaaae CJIOB IIpOHCXO,!J;HT Ile TOnbKO H3-3a HX ocooro pacnpeaeneaaa MeJK,!J;Y roJIOCaMH, HO H sa eser KOlITpa- . craocra H nO,!J;BHlKHOCm )J.HH~eCKHX OTTeHKOB, KaK, aarrpaxep, B TT. 108-118 II qaCTH:

Xop T,108 T,109. T,1I0 T. III T.1I2 T,1I3 T,1I4, T.1I5 T,1I6 T.1I7 T. !l8

SI Muo-io mon-do - e- splen-4e-ra - u

p mj --- 'PPP p PPP iPpppppra

-jlan

-ppp

-to-

-

-

T l

Ippp-- ---o che

ppp-cmf -

-f-dim.. o-

p

-u-

I

-

ppp< I

T2

BI

0

ml Muo

ml

'Ppp io-

J----splende

'PP-

-

-----

ra

mj

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nUCLMa npUrOBOpeUULIX K CMepTD ysacrnaxoe Eaponeacxero COnpOTDBJIeUQH (Typan, 1954; :U;lOpUX, 1955)1

IL CANTO SOSPESO Le lettere di cui dei lettura non sono parte

integrante della composizione.

Anton Popov, Bulgaria, di anni 26, insegnante e pubblicista

Sofia, Carceri centrali 22 /uglio 1942

Cara mamma, caro frateIlo, cara sorella,

io muoia per un mondo che splendera con luce tanto forte, con tale bellezza che il mio stesso sacrificio e nulla. Confortatevi pensando che per esso sono morti milioni di uomini in migliaia di lotte sulle barricate e sni fronti di guerra. Consolatevi pensando che muoia per la giustizia. Consolatevi pensando che le nostre idee vinceranno...

Anton

Andreas Likourinos, Grecia, di anni J4, studente liceale

Papa, mi portano a Kessariani per l'esecuzione

insieme ad altri sette detenuti [...j Ti prego molto, avverti le loro case. Non vi addolorate. Muoiu per la Liberta e la Patria.

Andreas

Eleftherios Kiosses, Grecia, di anni J9, studente

Cara mammina, papa e sorelline, oggi 5 giugno 42 ci flicileranno. Moriamo da uomini per la patria. Non soffro affatto e cosi non voglio che voi soffriate. Non voglio pianti ne lacrime. Abbiate pazienza. Vi auguro di essere felici e non addoloratevi per me. Saluti di tuttocuore a tutti. SIAMO DEGN! DEI NOSTRI AVI E DELLA GRECIA. Non tremo affatto, e vi scrivo dritto in piedi. Respiro per l'ultima volta la profumata aria

IL CANTO SOSPESO Die verlesenen Briefe sind nicht Bestandteil

der Komposition.

Anton Popow, Bulgarien, 26 jahriger Lehrer undJoumalist

Sofia, Zentralgefdngnis 22. Juli J942

Liebe Mama! Lieber Broder! Liebe Schwester!

Ich sterbe ft1r eine Welt, die mit so starkem Licht, solcher Schnheit strahleri wird, daf3 mein eigenes Opfer nichts ist. Trllstet Euch im Gedanken, af3 ft1r sie Millionen von Menschen in Tausenden von Kllmpfen auf den Barrikaden und an den Kriegsfronten gestorben sind. Trostet Euch im Gedanken, af3 ich ft1r die Gerechtigkeit sterbe. Trostet Euch im Gedanken, af3 unsere Ideen siegen werden...

Anton

Andreas Likourinos, Griechenland, J4jiihrige Schuler

Papa! Sie bringen mich nach Kessariani ft1r die

Hinrichtung, zusammen mit sieben anderen Verhafteten [...j Ich bitte Dich sehr, verstandige ihre Familien. Betrube Dich nicht. Ich sterbe ft1r die Freiheit und dasVaterland.

Andreas

Eleftherios Kiosses, Griechenland, J9jiihriger Student

Liebe Mama, Papa und Schwesterchen! Heute, am 5. Juni 1942, werden sie uns filsilieren. Wir sterben als Mlinner ft1r das Vaterland. Ich leide durch aus nicht, und darum will ich auch nicht, daf3 Ihr leidet. Ich will keine K1agen und keine Tranen, Habt Geduld, Ich wUnsche Euch, daf3 Ihr glucklich seid und Euch meinetwegen nicht betrnbet. GrUf3e von ganzem Herzen an alle. WIR SIND UNSERER AHNEN UND GRIECHENLANDS WORDlG. Ich zittere nicht,

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ISBN 5-89598-054-6 lO EaTIOk HRHa Barrepseaaa, 1999 O MOCkOBCkaR rocyzrapcraeaaas xoacepaeropaa .~, HM. n. M.1.Jab;oBckoro, 1999

CO,lJ;EPJKAHIIE

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Oueptc nepeuii. Tpa KaBTaThI ARToBa Beepaa 7 Ovepx emopoii. Canticum sacrum Hrepa CrpaBBHCKOro 19

I CO,pHH ry6aii.Llymmoil 145

Oxepx OOUHUGOllambzii. PO.D;HOH Illczrpaa. XOpOBWl M}'3EdKa no H. C. Jlecxosy 3aneQaTJIemn.m aaren 153

Ouep oeenaouamu. Stabatmater Aneseiapa K,pOMaDOB' 159

Saianouenue. Mocsoscxae HCnOJIHHTe.r.m HODoH XOPOBOH My.3LIICH XX sexa 169

CIIHeoK coxpamcaa 184

Cnosaps TepMHHOB 185

Contents 190

Author's note 191

IIpeOUCJIOBUe

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Oym). .naJKe BepTHKlllJI, nOllllcj>oIIH'III'. CaM' XOpOBlUl cj>rocryp. HecKOJD,KO npom;c opxecrposc (WICTpyMeRT8JIbHoii:), rne ecn, TeH,lleHIlIDl K CepHaJIH3aIJ;HH Pa3Hl:JX napaxerpos: pcracrpa, pHlMa, ,ltHHaMllKH, apraxynsmra, TeM6pa.

BDJ.D;en:HM HeCKOJT&KO OC06eImOeTeH xoposoro mrCLMa B xaararax Beepsa: 1. cI>aKTYPB1>Ie ronoca Ile scerna COBIIa,!laJOT e ccpHiiB:bIMH, no B I{eJIOM T.HIIH"IHO= I\Ol\eK.cj>omm. Hanproaep, KalITaTlI op. 29, ID aacrr., TT. 17-23. CepHilmIii PM H3 renopa nepenaerca B BJThT H soaspamaerca B reaop; cepHifaLm PM ID 6aca nepenaercx II ansr H 3aKaJIlIHBaercH B conpaso (Ilpaaep 5).TaKHM 06pa30M, 'DICJIO BOT B MCJIO,ltHK orrpezrensercs XY~o)RecTBeffiU,IM CMDIcnOM, a ue qmKcupYeTCg cepHKmM p.cnoPlUlKOM. .

2. Ha nposencsae cepaaorc pH.It3 Be accrna BJIIDlIOT pa3JJ.em.z 4>OpMLI, TO ecrs - PM MO:d{eT HalJHRaThCH B O)lHOM pasnerre COl:JBBeHIDI. H npo;:J;OJDKaThCH sepea neaypy B I\PYTOM. Hanpaaep, KaRTaTa op. 26, TT. 92, 93 (CM. naprarypy). .

3. B cepmmoM PW MO:>KeT ne KBaTaTh O,ZJ;Horo HJIK BecKOJIbKHX 3B)'IlM cepHH:m:.IM PMaM, HO HaxOI\llTCJI OI\BOM cj>rocrypHOM ronoce (l1pHMep 6).

5. Bcrpesaromaecs B xaararax XOpOllDlC aKKOp,ll;LI, B OTJ1lIqHe OT OpKecTpOB1IX. He opaaysorca BCJIe~CTBHe BepmKBJm3aI\HH onaoro cepaaoro pana. Hanpasrep, B .KaHT8TC op. 31 IICpBhlit opxecrpoasr asxopn - 3TO mecrs nepssrx 3ByKOB ceparroro paaa Pc-fis B aepraxemaoa pacnOJIO:>KeHHH:

3 c;Sl (~cWa osaasaer HOMep lc. 3B}'Ka cepaa, 6 esl crrpeaapLI4d CaM 3B)'K psna) Sb 2A

XOPOBCUI aepraxans .R:BmI:eTCH CJle)lCTBUeM JJHHeapUOro MLJUlJIeUDB KOMDO:mTopa. B OCHOBHOM 3TO nOJIH41oHH3I1pOBaHHaM rapuoaas, TO eCTL KIDK.,l{bI:ii ronoc axxopna HMC(IT CaOIQ JIBHHIO H O1"HOCHTCJI K CBOeMy cepanosry PJUlY. TaI

13 1'PHXAHTATI.I AHroHABE6EPHA

Haorna cepaaaeae rorroca .ZJ;y6.impyrorcX, K3K, aarrpaxep, B I lJaCTH KaRTanI op. 29, IT. 14-16. Ilepasr asxopn xopa: COIIpaHO ;uy6JmpyeTCX reaopox, aJThT - 6acoM B 60JIblII}'lO CeK)'H.llY (IIpHMep 7).

Axsopasr B K8HTaTaX pasnoopasaa no CBoeH cTPYKTYPe, HO B HHX 06X3arem.HO npacyrcrayer O,IJ;Ha-)tBe 60JIbIIDIe ceIITHMl>I mm O,Z:(BR-,I(Ba nOJIYIOHa (aarepsansr 11 mm 1), TO CCT}) )lJlJI XOpOBOH BepTHKaJIH xapaxrepma C03ByqIDi Cnonyroaox - rcMHllKKOPIll>1. HanpHMep, KaHTaTll op. 26, IT. 64-65, 67:

~;,~ l::; ;:, J f T.64 T.65, 1.VI~PLI 03HalJalOT OTCl:JHTf,IBaeMbIe CHH3Y ssepx HBTepBa..nI:>I, ID K01'OpI.IX COCTOKr llKKOPIll>1 (IIpHMep 8).

HTaK, )tBeHa,ll;IlaTIlTOHOBO:H rexaaxe Beepna rrpacyma JIHHeapHOCTh. Ho xax )Ke HHTOHHPoBaTh TllK)'lO M}'3bncy?

CaMO HHTOHHpoBaHlIe B03MO)f(HO JIHIIII. rrpa yCJIOBHH npasansnoro cnsnnanaa p;BeHa,u;n;aTHTOHOBOH 3BYKOBOii MaTepHH.

B _OTJIHqHe OT M}'3:&IICH npomnoro e ec onopo Ha ronansao-yaxrraoaansasre CBX31I B .n;~.n;eKa4iOBml npOHCXO,IJ;lIT onopa Ha CCpHitm.Jii PM .: TOT caMI.rH. anaapaaar CTPYKTYPLI, KOTOpI.Iif BIillIOJIH.lIeT TY )Ke ~ymcmno, no II TOHHKa B MaJKOpHO

MHHOP~OH TOHa..nI:>HOCTH. B nepsyro oaepens Ta..IeID.m HHBapUaIITaM::H XBIDllOreH RH':' TCpBa.m.m.le KOMIIJIeKCI.I THIIa: nOJIYIoH - ceK)'H,lla, nOJIYfOH - MaJIaJI rep1Ul'l, rronyTOB - 60JIbmax TepI\HX, I\O;uyTOB - xaapra, norryron - 1pHTOB (1.2 - 1.6), TO eCTh reesarpyrmsr. HMCHHO ORH u CTPYKTYPUP}'IOT Merro)UIKy Bcfiepna.

Crpoeaac MerrO,u;HKH C umpOKHMH CKal:JKaMH oseas xapaxrepno ,IVDI TeMaTH3Ma Beepna, n03ToMYBOKB..JIDm.m 3BYK JJ:OJDfceH 6I.ITh M&KCBM8JIbHO opH6J1WKeH K BBCTPYMeBT3J1hBoMY, TaK Ka.K R3JIHmHee vibrato (mm npyras xpaaocrs - OTCyrCTBue ero, 6JIeKJII,nh> 3BYK) oTp~aTe.JII.IIO CKIDKeTCH Ha KalJeCTBe HBTOHHpOBaHHH TaKOro THIIa M}'3I.IKH, rne xpa.iiHHe 3B)'KH ,IJ;liaTI330aa 6epyrcH 6e3 rrocryrreaaoro ,I(BH:lKeHIDl, CKal:JKOM, lJaCTO B THXOM HlOaHce II Ha KOPOl'K}'l6 ,roIHTeJIbHOCTh. HanpaMep, xaarara op. 26, napras 6acoB BIT. 102-103 (IIpHMep 9).

Ilpa p33yqHBaHRlI KaHTaT B nepsyro osepezrs peKOMeH,!JYeTCX OCBOHTh cepmo B ee xersrpex cj>0PMax (P, 1

Of{EPKnEPBbJD

Dorre3WUM, aa Ham aaman, SlDJUleTCJI rrponeaaaae HRTepBaJIOB cepaa B DlHpOKOM pacnOJIO:>KeHHH, r,lle 6om.m8JI cenraaa KaK rnasasra KoMUOHeBT reMRTOHBOH CHCTeMnt nOJDKBa 6DlTL rrpenensao ycroasasa. ECJIB: TaK MO:mO CKa3aTh, ycTOH 6oJlLmoH ceIITHMLI CJIYJKIIT orropo ,llJDl cnyxa H ocraerca HeH3MeHIffiIM H He3hl6neMbIM B HHTOHHpOBaHHH. Hanpzxep, CepHH KaHT3.IlJ op. 31 II BapHaHT paayxasarraa (TIpBMep 10).

K8K OTMel:{aJIOC& ssnne, XOpOBaJI Bep1'HKaJTh Ka.B.TaT Be6epua nOJJll4JoHH3HpOBaa~ TO eCTL KWK.,IU.m ronoc, HMea CBOIO MeJIO,llHIO, BXO,lJ)IT B erpyxrypy aKK0P.u:a, B KOTOpOM rrpacyrcrsyer O,II;HH H1IH HeCKOJThKO OCTp&OO) HBrepBaJIOB, n03ToMy nOJle3HI.1M

.. MO.>KeT 6&.ITL nponesaaae cepnii::m.Ix PSUlOB B .ztY6JIHpOBKax RHrepBaJIOB 60m.moH CeIlTHMbI, -raeroa naPILI, TpHTOHa H npyrax. B xexecrse YJIPiPKHenIDI pexcsceanyeTC51 nporrers ceplrltHLrli 'PM Ka.HOHOM, R3ITpHMep, B 6om.myro ceKYHJIY. KaaOH MO)lQ{O aaxoa-ta'n, Ha rrocxenaet Bb1.n:epJKaHHOH aore B Ka.>KJJ;OM ronoee, .lI.OJlC,lt,8Bnracs noxa AonOIOT see, llJIH nOBTOpHThCaMKaHOBHecKOJll,KO pas.

IllTpRXOB8JI mUIH.Tpa K8HTaT Beepaa secsxa paaaoopassa: OT n:pOHm

15 TP" KAlITAThI AHTOHA BEEiEPHA

6eJIe!OT), 1925-1926; 2. Zieh'n die Schafe von der Wiese (

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Ouep emopou. Canticum sacrum Dropa Crpaaaacxoro

Ilpesrsepa co-raaeaaa 11. . C1pallHHCKOrO (1882-1971) Canticum sacrum ad honorem Sancti Marci Nominis (CB~eBHoe necaoneaae BO CJI8BY HM:em cssroro Mapxa) .zwg renopa, 6apHTOHa, cxemaaaoro xopa H opxecrpa Ha JIaTHBcKHi:i reKCT as BeTXOro II Hosoro saaeros (1955-1956) COCTOJlJIaCb 13 ceHTR6pR 1956 rona non yrrpaarreaaex asropa B Beaenaa, B co6ope. CIDIToro Mapxa, To, lfIO CBs.III:{eHHOe necaoneaae npenaaaaesanocs .zwg HCnOJIHeHIDI IIMeHHO B coope, HMeJIO JJJIJ{

CTpaBHHCKOro 6om.moe saaseaae, 6Lmo, KaK OH CaM rracan, O.n;HOH H3 CaMbIX onsrrrax nOQeCTeH. OKa33.HHbIX,eMy B :>KII3HH1.

3To cosaaenae HaxO,llHTC.lI B psny TaKHX n03)lHHX XOpOBLIX OnyCOB KOMII03HTOpa, KaK KaHTaTa Ha aHOHHMBloIe TeKCTbI aarnaacxc n033HH XV-XVI BeKOB, Threni dIrra1JH), Ilporrosens, rrparsa H MOJIlITB8}>, Anthem Ha CJIOBa T. C. 3JIHOTa.,

O'lEPKBTOPOn20

TaK> HM cnOBOM B M}'3LIKe, MOB CJnOHHDIe )f{eJIe3:E.I B036)')K,UaIOTCjI 3ByqaHIDIMH H pHTMaMB CIlorOB. "B aaxane fiLma CJIOBO", - JtIDI MeIDI 6YKBaJII,HWl npJlMWl HCTHHa I

.nrm Crpasaacxoro CJIOBO mJIDIJlOCb npoCTI:.IM MarepHaJIOM, Ho,no6HDIM 6JIOIcy xpasropa B apXHTeK1YPe II CKym.rrrype. B CTHXax ero rrpensmano coseraaae cnoros II CJIOB, TO eers tIHCTO 3BYX:0B3Ji CTOpOH8, xoropaa npOH3BO.D;lIT Ha Rame 1JYBCTBeHnoe aocnpasrae BueYiaTJIeHHe, 61IH3KOe K M}'3I:.IKa..m.HOMy2.

TIpliBe.neM TeKCT Canticum sacrum II COCTaB HenOJIHllTeJIeu:

JlamblHb (HQ3SQHWl '1Qcmeu,

UCmO'lHuKU)

Dedicatio

I. Euntes in mundum (Mapx, XVI, J5)

II. Surge, aquilo (I1ecHL neeHeR Cene-MOHa, IV, 16; V, I)

III. Ad Tres virtutes Hortationes CARITAS (Brcpoaesoaae, VI, S; Ilepsee nOCJJ8HHe anocrona Ho!iHIIB. IV, 7)

SPES (IIcanoM 124, I; ncanoM 129, S-6)

FIDES (ncanoM lIS, 1)

IV. Brevis Motus Cantilenae (MapK, IX, 23,24)

V. Illi autem profecti (MapK, XVI, 20)

Cocmae UCnOJlHumeJfeU

Teaop, 6apKTOH, Op'=1'

Xop.opxecrp

Teacp, opxecrp

TeHOp, 6apHTOH, xop, OpkecTp

BapHTOH, xop, opxecrp

Xop, opxecrp

PycCKUU nepeeo mel

21

KHH crryqait B TBOplJCCTBC C'rpaBHHCKOro. MCn0JIb30BaBRC sroro aHTHCTPaBHHCKOrO HHCTpYMem:a 06yCJIOBJIeUO OpHCHTaI(Heii KOMIl03BTOpa Ha )f(a.HpOBOcranacrasecxae OC06eHHOCTH TBOplJeCTBa rrpcncraaarene BeHeIUlaHCKoi{ KOMIIO3RTOPCKOii IIIKOm.r XVI-XVII BeKOB. e4?opMHpOBaBillCHCJI npa co6ope CHSITara Mapxa, ApXBTeICTypa 3TOro co6opa CHMBO.JIHl{eCKH 0TpIDKeHa B My.3I>IKaJILHOM crpoeaaa Canticum. C.lleJIaHO 3TQ TaK M8crepCKH, tITO npa cny:mamm He B03HHK3er MJ"IC.JI:b 06 HCKYCCTBeHHOH 4lopMe-cxeMe. Ilsrs npHTBOpOB 633HJIHKH COOTBeTCTBYJOT IIHTII qaCTXM KaRTaThI. I H VlJ8CTH nonorm - V lJaCTh ecrs PaKOXOJl, I-ii (TO ecrs TO, 'lJIO BI tIaCTH MeT CJIeBa aanpaso, BV 'sacra H,UeT cnpana aaneso):

cepuiinax './ meXHUKQ "HOCTH R naaroBRKe CaM C'rpaBHHCICHii BhICK33:bIB3JICJI neoaaoxperao.

Hecssorps Ha e,llHHCTBO aaecsrcna, M)'3:b1Ka B lJaerIDC Canticum sacrum npa anemHeM paccsrorpenaa xoarpacraa, R 3TO CBJI3aHO C npaxeaeaaeu Pa3.JIHI!HE:JX TeXBHK. B I II V lJ8CTIlX npeoaanaer a:KK0P.llOB:brH: THII xoposoro rmC:bM3, a B lli R rv lJaCT.lIX - nOJIHeJ?OHHlJecKHH. B- CBOIO osepens 3TO OTpIDKaerCJI H Ha RCnO.JImITe.Jn.cKHX rrponessax, seas anomre eCTeCTBeHHO, 'lJIO HHTOHBpOBaHHe sepraxamasrx CO3Byq:aii Ha OCHOBe nana OTJIHlIHO OT HBTOHHpOBaHIDI cepaasrx nocrpoeaaa;

rapMOBlJlIeCKOH OCHOBOH I lJaCTH (H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO. V lJaCTH) JIBJ1HeTCH arrrepB3JIbH3JI rpynna as lJeTL1pex 3BYKOB a-b-h-d. 3Ta rpynna - HHTOHa.u.HOHHoe 3epHO, 113 xoroporo BL1p3CTaeT BCJI rapacaaa I lJacTH H eJ?HHarra. Kposre TOro ee MO:lKIH) pas6HTb aa ztaa cersrenra: b-h-d H a-d. Omr npB:MeHJIJOTCJI n BepTHK3JIbHO (xax axxopn), H roPH30HT3JIbHO (KaK MOTHB).

TIpa paore aan BepTHK3JIbHbIM CTpOeM xpaaax lJaCTeH KIDIIKI1lIIO.

O'IEPK BTOPOfl22

Han6om.myro CJIQ)KHQCT& Jl.lUI IfHi'OHHpOBaHHJI B eoaaaeaaa npezrcraanmcr ,IJ;By~ repnossre aKK0PIlJ>I n aKK0PIlJ>I e noGo"""""" TOnaMH (TIpRMep 3 A, B).

,[(mr: 3BYKoBe,n;eHIDI H 3B}'K0H3BJlel:JeHIDI B Canticum xapasrepasr rsepnas araxa II UITpHX uapxupoeanuoeo legato. Oe06eHHOCTh 3TOro cnoaororo nrrpaxa saxmoaaercs B TOM, tITO Me)K)ly 3B}'KaMH He ,IlOJDKHl,I rrpocnynraaarsca nayasr, HO KIDIQ.U.-rH H3 BHX .n;01DKeH 5blTL nO,rrIepKIIYT TOJI1IKOM BLJ..l];I>IXaeMOH crpya eoazryxa,

CmmOD:HpOBa.HBOe aerynnenae xopa MomeT 6:EJ1'E, cnerxa nozrsepxayro: aanpasaep, I qaCTL, T. 41:

6 4 ,J. J J J > prae-di-ca-te

Xapaxrep nponsnomeaas naraacsoro TeKCTa riuotce nesraoro aKIleRTIlpOBaH, meCTKOBaT naCTOJIbKO, 'tITo5L1 na. nepssr mum BLIBecTII KOJIOpHT TeKeTa:

> > > > > > > > > > >.

I 'tJ., T. 26 in mun- dum u- ni- ver -sum prae-di -co- te

lli oco6eIIHOCTeH )lo,lleKacl)QHHH Crpasaacxoro B,lJ;aHBOM cosaaeaan: l. Cassa cepaa conepsorr naaroaaxecxae nona - rpynnst 3B}'KOBJ yxnaztsraaro

nraeca B TOT ana naoH J!I'aTOHWleeKRii nazi (TIpRMep 4 A). 2. B III II N sacrsx cepaa HCnOJlI,3YeTC.sI OJ\H3, HO ona HMeeT Pa3J'11Il!HDIii: MeJIO,llH

'tJeclGlii 06JIHK H3-3a H3MeHeHIDI TeW3, ,llHH3MHKH, aprmcymrrum H eassoro xapaxrepa M)'3bIKH.

3. Cepas MomeT pacnaaarses Ha cerxerrrsr, 6JIH3KHe nOneBK3M JJ;HaTOJlli1IeCKHX nanoa, HapO~OH '!J>HXOP,IJ;DBOcm1J aanpassep, IV sacrs, TI. 257~258. 266-268 HJIH III xacrs, TI. 204-209.

4. Tenneanas K 06paMJIeHmO: Ha 60rree BbICOKOM ypoane, cPBHaJI - 3TO paxoxon I qaCTH; Ha yposae OJJ;HOH, HaITpHMep fi xaera, BC'I')'IIllTeJlI:,UOe nposezteaae eepaaoro pana aa-nraaeres OT 3BYJCa a" IiI 3aKJllO'lfl:ITeJIbHOe nposeneaae oKaH1IHBaeTCSI ua 3B}'Ke a. II 'tJaen., e)l;HHCTBeHHaJI 6ea ysacraa xopa (eono reaopa H opxecrp), B KOTOpOH acnonssyerca npyras cePKJI (CM. BLIIIIe). OCHOBbIB8.CTCJI Ba nposeneaaa cepaaHbIX panoe Pas-a H Ra-as. OBa T8I0Ke na1IHHaeTC5I H sasaasaaaerca 3B}'KOM a. Cne.nOBaTeJThHO, MO)f(HO rosopars o 3BYJCe a xax O n;empaJILUOM TOHe II H ill qaereii.

HeKOTOpEJe BblCKa3l>IBaHKJI CTpaBmICKOrO YJC83bIBaIOT Ha TO, lITO B nponecee e03.naHIDI npOH3Be.neHIDI KOMII03HTOP .ner ue OT C8MOR cepaa K .na..TILue:funeMj' CO'!J:HHeHmO rrsecsr, a naoopor: cnasara cnsnnarcs Ka.KHe-TO rapaosaxecxae COOTHomelIHJl HIITepBaJIOB. 3aTeM onpenensrca cTpYKTYPa cepaa: IIpaBHJIa H orpaaaseaas cepaHoro IIHCbMa MaJIO OTJIHlIaIQTC" OT CTporOCTH BeJIHKHX KOHTparryBlC'I'H'tlecJCHX IDKon rrpomnoro. B TO ae BpeMH OHR pacmapsror IiI 060raDl3lOT rapMOH:lI'llecKH.ii: xpyro30p... ..SI yCTaHaBJIHBaIO cnyxoa orrpeneneaasre B03MO'I

23 CANT1CUM SACRuM Hrop.lI CIPABHHCKorO

,

nOD..D:ep'fClCy xopa a cappella c:rPYJflILrMH npaaenan -raiose A. Beepn, pyxoaonasnraa xoauepTaMa Pa601.Jero neB'IeCkOro o61>e~eHH.!l BeRLI, sanpaaep, rrpH HCrrOJIHeHHH Mapa Ha 3eMJIel)lli~H6epra.,

Cmpa8UHCKUU H. (/J. ,n;HaJIOrn. _ C. 247.

O

25 CANTICUM SACR1JM)l HrOPJl CTPABHHCKOrO

TPH ,ll}'XOBHLIe neCHH Kapne ):VKe3Ya.m.p;o ,D;H BeH03a, saaepmeaane fl. CrpaBBHCKHM K 400-ii rop;OBII(KHe CO ,IJ;IlJI pO)K,l];emrn ):VKe3Yam.p;O ,ltJUI CMemaHHOrO xopa 603 conpoaccsneaas, 1957-1959.

Ilponoaens, nparsa Il MOmrrBID>, xaarara ztna ansra Il reaopa, xopa Il opxecrpa Ha aHrmmeKHii TeKeT, 1960-1961. IToeBllI11aeTeH ITaymo 3axepy. 1. ITpO[[OBem. (HoBbIii 3aBeT, PHMJIJIHaM, Vil, 24, 25; EBpeJlM, ll, l). 2. Ilparxa Iloaeaae KaMHJIMH ea. Cretpaaa (Hossra 3aBeT, ,!\eHHHll, VI, 2, 4,5,7-12, 15; IV, l, 51, 52, 54-60). 3. MOJIHTBa (H3 Toecaca JJ:eKKapa; TOM Ha oeaoae Berxoro sanera (EI:J'I1Ie). l1:opKcKoro Il Hecrepcxoro copaaas ~CTepHil: XV aexa Il aHOHmvIHoA cpezraesexoao n03MLl, 1961-1962.

Kaaoaaneexaa HHTpOBT n3MH1ll T. C. 3JIHOTa ,IJ)UI M}'JKCKOro xopa Il KaMepROrO aHCaM6ID1 Ba JIanmcIaIi:i reKCT ln pHMCKO-KaTOJIHlIeeKOH 3aynoKOKaOB MeCCbI, 1965.

3aynoKoiiHDIe neCBOneHWD) (

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i r

KalITBTLI AuTORa Befiepna HCanticum sacrum Dropa CTpaBHHCKoro B DCDOJlDHTe.rILeKOH npescraxe

Tpa KaBTaThI A. Beepaa H Canticum saenun M. C'rpaBHHCKOro aanacaasi B .0;0.n;eKalfloHHoH TeXHHKe, HO o6pa3m.m CTpOH npoaasenena, 3CTeTIflIeCKHe B3rIDl)l;I>l H CJI}'XOBhIe npencraaneaas 060HX My.3I.IKa.HTOB a6co,JIlOTIIo Pa3Jl:lI!I1ffiI. Pamme COq]]HeBIDI CTpaBHHCKOro QKa3aJIH orposoroe B.JIIDIHB:e Ha passarae esponeexo MJ3LIKB, a CaM Crpaaaaexa, nepena B 50-e rOAhI K .n;o;o;eKa4JOIIHbIM npaananaa nacssra, H3)"'laJI cepHilHyIo TeXHHKy Ha npoasaeneaaax Befepaa, Illeaepra, RYJIe3a, HOHO H

zpyrax aBTOpOB. ECJIH opaerrraposarscs ua 3aIIHCU HCIIOJIHeIIH:H YKa3amn.IX CO'lJliHeB:lilit, 'ro MO)f(

HO 06HapYJKHTh nmpoKHii: ,l:tHaIIa30H HCnOmnl'reJIbCKHX asrepnperamra. Hanpaaep, CaM Crpaaaacxa qaCTO BLICK33h1BaJI MI,ICJTh o TOM, 'lfI'O 3anHCH e era yqaCTHeM .HBJImOTC.5I 06paJUOM H na.JlOHOM HCIIOJIHellIDl C06CTBeHHMX npoasaeneaaa.

A6cOJDCTHO paanasnst HHTepnpeTaIIHH KaHTaT Beepaa, aanpaesep, Po6epTOM KpaljJToM H Ilsepox RyJIe30M. Ilocne npocnymaaaaaa HCnOJIHeHHJI P. Kpadrra C03.n;aeTCg BIIelIaTJIeHHe, no saararsr Be6epua - sro aacroaraa asaarapn. ):(0BOJIl,HO nO,llBIDKIII>Ie TeMIlLI, MeTpopH'I"MlrtIeCKaJI T01JHOCTL. H BMeCTe C 'reM rrpeaepexeaae K rpananaa moaHCOB (aanpaxep, p 3B}"IHT KaK mj) XapaKTepH3j'1OT naaHLm THn HCIIOJIHemrn. Ee3YCJIOBHO, Ila MJ3bJ1(a.JILHO~3CTe'I'H"=IecKHeB3rJUl,ZJ;&I Kpaqrra 60JIbIDOe BJIIDlHHe OKaJaJI CaM Crpanancxaa, C KOTOPhIM OH HMeJI nonroe H nnonoTBOpHOe TBOpqeCKoe omeaae, Comonenae nonsepxayro TOIffiOH plITMHKH COqJIBelIIDl.SIBIDIeTCH Xapa:KTepHOH qepTOH HCnOJIIDlTeJIbCKoro CTWm 3TOro ,IJ;BpIDKepa.

C'rpaBHBCKIJ:i:i 3HaJI MJ3LnIDKepa. Ou rOBOpHJI, 'lfI'O nysnrae .n;HpHJKepLI - 3TO rrpeacre acero KOMII03Rrop:&lJ xoropsre

. 29

Ha Ham B3rJUlJ( .lIBIDIeTCH CTaTEoSI O ):J;lIpIDKepax H ):J)IpIDKHpOBamnm (e. 184-192) H3 KUBnI df. Crpaaaacxa - ny6.1IHIJ,HCT H coecenaax, B xoropo KOMl103HTOP oseas OCTpO OT.3LmaeTCH o xaorax B3BeCTm.IX ):J;lIpIDKepax H 06 HCKYCCTBe ,IJ;HpmKHpOBatraa.:

B KH3HH:

\1)parMeH'l101 EH6mm H3 Hoaoro nepBOHCTOQIlHl(; J!HTepa'YPHWt CTHXH Xansnerapn :AoHe,

neMeIJ;KHit JDhIK II Berxoro 3aBeTOB, nersras

Xapaxrepacraxa: _ JIOJJWI C KpaCO'IIIbIMH, Crporae, OTIO"IeHHLle kaJIOHHqyBCTBeHIIO-kOHKpenn.l:MH 06P83 "IecKHe 4lPaJbI. BbIpIDK

,

04.epK mpemuii.

31

,,,

:.'

Ir, CANTO SOSPESO flYHJPKH HOHO

:>KeHRe enaacrseanoro pemeaas opaayerca naronaps npaanarry OTKp:&TfOCTH :RJIH M}lO)f(eCTBeHHOCTI:I 3Ha-qeHBi:l: H B03MOJKHOCTeH.

B cepezratrc 50-x ronoa B TBOp-qeCTBe HOHO oosnaseercs arrrepec K IlpOCTpa.HCTBeHHOMY cnsrmaaaro KIDK,lI;Oro 3neMema KOMII03HIl;HH H M}'3:&IIGlJThHOCM:&!CJIOBOMY cTepeoljlORll3Myl. 3B}'K wm: CHOBO npU06peTIlIOT .06l>eMBocTh, KOTOM PYJO HeJIb3j1 0603peT:& ueJDIKOM C o,IJ,HOu T01IKH 3peHIDI (3,ll;ec:& ytmThIBaIOTCH !paICTOpsr 3B}'KOBI:>ICOTHOCTH, .a;mIaM:HqeCKoii: npOTSDKeBHOCTH, reM6pOBOH OKpaCIGI, pHTMH-qeCKOH ljlID)'p1:>I fi xapaicrepa IIpOH3HOmCHIDI). KOMII03HTOpCKaH TeXHHKa HOHO 03sysaaaer He CTOJIE:.KO npm.a.Ie CMl:>ICJIhlJ CKOJIE:.KO 3MOn;nOHaJThHMe H 1I03TnqCCKHe 06epTom.I CJIOB.

K nepaony 50 - 60-x ronos OTHOCHTCjI cosnaaae 60JIE:.IllHHCTBa XOpOBDlX COl!IIHe md! HOHO, raxax, KaK 3ITHTaHJf eJlepHlW Jlopxe (1952-1953), Ie; III II V-H. - COJIE:.Bl:Je; n. VI II IX-H. - xopossie. VIT qacT':& HanHC8Ha )VIR )KeHCKOro xopa, conpaao COJIO H OpKeCTpa3. HTaJI:&mCKHe M}'3:&IKOBe.zr;:&I M. MHJra H P. )l;38HeTrn yxa3:&maIOT Ha TO. lITO KaHTaTa IDdeer 'lJHCTO xnaccasexae, lI,lI;caJI:&1Ible .uM nOcnpH.lITIDI pasacpta fi nponopnaa. llepBIdH 8BTOP n:&lCKa3aJI MLICJIE:. O TOM, qTO B OCHOBe ncero

l TaM lKe. - C. 26. 2 t(eHucoe 3. B. ABa $ParMCRTa aa II canto sospesc JI. HOHO /1 CBBT. ~OEPO. BE'lIHOCTh.

ITaMXTH 3,lJ;HCOHa ~eHHcoBa. Orarsa, BOCnOMHHaHlUi. Marepaamr I Pea-cocr. B. C. Ileeoaa. - M., 1999. Ha 3'IY crarssc M!.I orrspaeaca B ,lJ.aJJ1,.HethneM aaanaae. 3,IJ.eCb, Ha Ham B3rJUlJt MO~O npOBeCTH napannem, C MarHH!jlHl

O'IEPKTPE7'HB32 f D.HK1Ia JICJKHT cTpYKTYPa KaTOJllItIeCKOH 3aynoKoHHoH MeCCI>I. r,ne Her Gloria, HO eerr, Dies irac'. 3TY xoarrcrnraro BI>ICOKO o:u.eHIDI H CaM KOMl103BTOp.

i i

I aacrr, co cMYIHO-cePI>IM)} (IlO ssrpaxeamo M. Mana) KOJIOpHTOM HaIIOMHHaer Kyrie. 3aTeM cnezryer II qacn. - xop a cappella B xasecrse Credo. ,l:{eB:CTBHTe.JIDHO. B rescre II qaCTH coztepaerrcs ClIMBOJI aepsr acero eoaaaeaas: YMUpalO 3Q MUp, KOmopuii 60CCURem maKUM C6emOM, ma13yroTCSI c);lparMeuThI rraccss -rpex rpese

CKBX roaome qen.tpHa,I:{II;am .n;eBHTH8,lUlam H .IJ;Ba,IJ;IJ.am ,II;BYX JIeT; TpH C~:)JIHP)'lOmne ronoca, HeCOMHeHJ;lo. BbIpIDKaIOT cespammr CMLICJI TpOlfl!HOCTH. 3Ty qacn. MO:>KHO CpaBHBTh e Pa3JI:eJIOM Crucifixus, V sacrs ,l:(JUI resopa H opxecrpa IlO conep)KaIHIlO nareparyprroro rexcra H no TeM6pOBOMY pememno MO:>KHO yiIo.n:06HTI. pasJl.erry Lacrimose:

- --

33 lt, CANTO SQSPESo nYH,lOKH HOHO

HOH: TeXHlflleCKOH: OCHOBOH: CO'lJHHeHIDI, n03BOJDiX IIOrryqRn. moferc coseranaa 3BYKOB, pa3.JIH"mh1e 8KKOp.n;OB:DIe (Ie) TOBbI~ a a T. 1 (e-alto 1), a B T. 3 (soprano 1), a B T. 5 (e.-altc 2)

(TIpHMep 2).

PHTMH'C!eCKM CepIDI KaHTaThI:

,3 s_3~ _5~ -~ )l J , )l. J o l)l ~

o }1 J. J )l., J )l., )l ,}1 ,.

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Ilo lIHemrreIDIM OBa CBMMeTpH1IHa. Jloraxa ItBflJp lIHeJDITeIDI COCTOHT B cnenyromex; nocrrezryromee ""eno pasao e)'MMe,llBYX rrpe.lJ.EJ.!rYll\HX, TO ecrs 1+2~3, 2+3=5, 5+3=8.5+8=13; sro TaK H33llmaeMLIii PAA H6ouaqqH. 3uaMeua:reJIH PAAa 03HallaIOT nponeaae OCUOBHoH._pB'I'MH'tleCKOH C)I;HlIHIJ;I>I ('l:J~PTH) ua COOTBeTCTByrom;ae qacTH 0 - e'ro BOe:bMWI. 4 - mecrn8,ll;llaTIlSl H T. n.), a -raemrrena - KO.JI1IqeCTBO 3THX aac

, . 3 TeR, aanpassep, J'. - 3TO 4, TO eCTL TpH mecraezmarsre, a

}1 J. - lJ4, TO CCTh TPHHa.rlI\aTh mecraannarsrx.'-------' .

B nepaora nposeneaaa 3Byx.OBhICOTHoro pana KaJK.ll0MY 3B}'KY COOTBerCTByer onpeneneaaas pB'I'MH'qeeKWI e,lJlIHHIl;a:

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a b as h g e fis cis f d e es Ilepssre qeTbIpe TOBa 3ByxOBhICOTHOH cepaa H3rraraIOTCH O,llHOBpeMeHHO, npa

3TOM CP33Y narorca see aersrpe oeaosnsrx BH)la ,n;po6neHWI MerplflecKOR e~ Ha.l!!@; (60CbMaH B e-alto 2), Im! (serseprs H3 rpyrmapoaxa mpuonunux 60CbMblX B soprano 2), qeTh!j)e (TP" tuecmnaouamux B soprano 1) Ir WITh (seraeprs, pasaas K6UnmORU mecraannarax, B e-alto 1) (CM. Ilpassep 2).

B .IJ:aJILUemneM TaKoe COBIIfI,IJ;eHHe rrapymaercs, TaK KRK quemrreJm pB'I'MH'qeCKOro pana nocnenoaarensao nepeMeII(3lOTCH Ha O,IJ;HY eronrnny C KIDK,llhIM ROBnIM npoBe,n;eHlIeM cepna, TeM CaMhIM 06paJyH poranmo', TO ecrs HOBoe nposeneaae 36J!1HOCTH, qucmrrem. KOTOpOR 6y,n;er COOTBeTCTBOBan. qHCJIIITCJnO cne.n;yrom;eH e,IJ;HllHllId pBTMl{qeCKOH cepaa. Harrpassep, sropoe nposenesae CCpHH

---------'h

I POTaIJ;HeD Hl!31>1BaeTCK raxoe nOCJIen:OBaHHe 3B}'KOB cepaa, npa KOropOM nepB1>tif aayx npezarnymero paaa CTaHOBHTCK nOCJIep;HHM.

O'fC.PKTPEnrfl34

HalJHHReTCR e WIHTeJILBOcm Zs (a He !2~ KaK B nepsoa nposeneaaa), rperse - ~s, xer'- ~. .Beproe- 4. ruIToe - s li T. )J;

plJ)l;bl 12 ..... 3 5 2 J. l 8

I! .~ .i ~ ~ i3 t;.>:--5~~3~ i ; l"" i ID 3 5 8 13 13 ..G 2 1. . i 2 IV 5 8 13 13

..a'" 5 3 2 1."",,"i 2 3 V 8 13 i3 8 5 3 2 l""""'j 2 3 5

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.

II K Ce,llPMOM)' rrposeneaaro B03HHKaer oparaas CHMMeTPIDIlIHCJIIlTerreH pHTMHqeCKOrO pxna: i3 8 5 3 2 i I i 2 3 5 8 13. B ilBeH=aTOM lKe nposezteaaa acsepnsrsarorcs Bee B03MO)I(HOCTl1l:

VID 8 5 3 2 i i 2 3 5 8 13 13 IX 532 2 3 5 .8,,,,,''i3 13 8 X 3 2 i ....l~ 3 5 } ...."" 13 13 8 3 XI 2 i""""'j 2 3 5 a"" 13 13 8 3 2

8 """,,"'13 13XII L"""'T 2 3 5 8 5 2 l Tpaaannaroe nposezteaae ,llOJDKHO cosnacrs e nepBI.IM. O,IJ;HaKO HOHO He noBTO

pser nepsoe nposeneaae, a nepexoznrr Cpa3Y KO BTOpOM)'. TaKHM 06pa30M. TpHHannaroc rrposeneaae paBRO BTOPOMY, qeThIpHa,n;n;aToe - -rperseesy, a IDITHa,n;n;aTOeqeTBepTOMY. aanpmsep:

xm~I! 235." XIV = lli 3 .~....8 a r . n. XV ~ IV 5 8 13

Ba.JKHO OTMeTHTb, 1JTO nocnenceerensaocrs Ko.JIIItIecTBa e,L\HHHlI, .upo6JIeHIDl. TO eCTL 1IHCJmTeJIH, OCTaeTCJI aeH3MeHHOH )];0 KOHI(a, a C3MH TBDJ.d zrponeaas (Ha (11. Ha@, Ha (V, II Ba @), TO ecu. 3HaMeaaTeJIH, sapsapyrorca Ha MHKPoypOBHe. TaKKM 06pa30M, .n;eJIeffile OCHOBHOi:! pH'I'MFlecKO:A e)(08Hl(bI (seraepra) MO)Ke'T 6LITL 3aMeueuo cJIe)l}'lOIIJ;HM 06p830M: II@ Ha l/@ aJIH Ha ll(%). Harrpassep, rpera 3JIeMeHT parxasecxoro PAAa 3@ (TpH rrrecraazmarsae - }l.) BO BTOPOM rrposeneuaa cepaa B T. 110 H3MeHSIeTCH Ha 3(%), TO eers Ba TpH BOCLMDIe- J. H COOTBeTCTByeT 3BYKY b B napTIDI ten. 1, a B TpeTI>eM npOBe.n;eBIDl- B T. 112 - ,118HBI..Iii pH"I"MH'lIeclCIrlt 3JIeMeHT l,l\po6J1eHIDl MeHJllOTCH C @ Ha

,-' -,

n; CANTO SQSPESOll JIYH,lOKH HOHO

TIOCJIe;mme xersrpe npoaeneaaa cepaa (16-19) 06pa3yJOT 3aKJllQ'lHTeJIhHMii pasllen lJaCTI:I H IIMefOT COBepmeHHO oco6yro pH'I'MlllJecKj'lO C'IpYK'IYPY, B KOTOpOH npe06JIa,ZJ;aIOT nonrae ,lOIHrem.HOCTIf. TIpWIHHa 3TOro - OTlleJIeBBe CaMLIX 3HalJHTeJll,m.rx CJIOB, BhtpIDKaIOID;I:IX HJ1.e:EO lJaCTH: Muoio per la giustizia. Le nostre idee vinceranno. .. (

Ol/EPK1PErHIt36

Heofisrsao pemeaae VI llaCTH xaararsr HOHO: aro e.n;HHCTBeHBaJI xacrs, COCTOHmax H3 nsyx paanenoa - VI a H VI b, COe.n;HHeIIH:bIX attacca. ,l:(mJ: paanena VI a xapaxTepeH HOBbIDIeHHLrlt yposeas JlHHaMHKH e npeonananaees M0.DY.JIHPY1OIUllX OTreH-: KOB - ppp mp, KOTOp",ee03i\aIOT srresarneBRe qpe3BIJtla:AHOH B3BOJIHOBaHHOCTH H IIOCTO.HHHOro 3BYKoBoro HarHeTa.HIDI. (CTa6HJll,Hl.Ie orreaxa 3TOli qacTR-ppp, p, mp, mf, J, jJf.) Pasnen VIb, HarrpOTHB, eBOHMH era6HJll,""u.m OTTeHKaMH: ppp, pp, p, mp, mj, IrrpHi\aeT cnoxocraae 'rpaJ"IIlIeCKHM cnosasc KaJIX HMeeT CBOIO Bblpa3HTem.HOCTh H ceMaHTHKY: cxopaoe "o JI, xpoBaBO-KpaCHoe ''a"J IKeHHH rrepsoro pasnena VI "aeTR (TT. 352-363) rrOJIBmnarc" OCTaBIIIHeeg 3ByKR .ZtJUI 3aIIOJIHeHIDl OKT3BLI - e, h, a, as, g B xope H b B opxeerpe. XOP~BaK 3ByqBOCT:& aapacraer aa eser acrynnenas scero xopa (KIDK;:l:aJI napras div. in 2) - Ci cacciano dalla sinagoga (IX 60m.IIIHMH nneremaccraaa B onliOM H3 IllIaCTOB COlJHB:eHIDl, H OCTaJIl,HbIe 1lJIaCThJ: TaJQKe opHeHTHp)'lOTCH Ha 3TIl rnacaere (06 :nOM CM: Xnutioea C. A. C1l0PM)'m.H~ KOMII03HII;Hli Illrosxayaesa B ftJITaJ10nm: CBET. AHnn. peora.>MrK, 1997. - C. 76).

ll. CANTO sosreso JIYH,!IlttH HOHO 37

oTKIIoaeHBii:. OC06e.HHOcn. xopoaoro saysaaax 3TOa tIaCTH 3aKJ11O'tJaeTCR B TOM. no nerxac, rrpoapaaasre :lKeaCKHe ronoca He npOH3HOC.RT TeKCTa, mm IIOlOT boccachiusa (3aKPLlThIM pTOM), normale (o6LI'lHo), bacco quasi chiusa (KaK 6LI 3aKPLITLlM prox) H bacca quasi aperta (KaK 6LI OTKpIJIDIM proa), a TeKCT 3ByqRT Ycaaoro CBeTJIOrO COJIIIPyIOIItero rexpa - corrpaao.

B Ilpepsaanoji necae, Ila CBH,IJ.eTeJILCTBy KOMII03lITOPa, oI:J:l;)"InaeTCJI CBlI3I. e nOJlll4JoHHe~ anoxa B03pO)K,[(eBIDI H panaero aposxo H .llIDKe e nOmrreKCTOB&IMH MoTeTaMH XII sexa. Bo BpeMH Ha.Dl!CBIIIDI KaRTanI HOHO rrpOHBJISUI oco6eEiHblH KHrepec K Mecce h-moll Baxa H PCKBueMY Morrapra, ocoeaao K 'IeM IIOJIH!pOBWIe

. . 1 clCHM !pparMeHTaM, rzte HCIIOJlL3Y1,OTeJl p83RDIe TeKeTIol B' OJJ;HOBpeMemOM 3Byq:a.HIIH

I

iHOllO acnomsyer HC lIOJIH&le TeKeTIol IIHceM. a JIHIllb.ueKOTopLIe crpoxa ID HBX,

rrpeilCTaBIDl:EOIIJ;HecJI eM}' naaonee BIDKHLIMlf, H aonnonraer HX B MY3I>1Kam:.m.rl:i 'Marepaan KIDK,lJ;ott aacra no-p83H0M)' (rrOJIHLm TeKCT IIH~M noramax ~C'l'HRKOB COrrpOTHBJICBIDI I1pHBO,llB.TCH B Ilpancsceaaa I, aTeKCT. HCnOJIb3yeMLIii HOHO, II ero nepeson - B IIpIDIo)Kemm 11). Kax )?Kc YIBa 3B}"laT y conapyromero corrpano, a )KeHcKHii: xop BLIIIOJIIDleT pOJIL e " ~ q,ORa.

XOTH coaaneaae HOHO paccsaraao Ha iPOBH3M H xpacxy BT8JILHHCKOro IDIoma, He KIDK)J;OC CJIOBO nerxo BocnpHHBMaCTCH crrynrarenesr. Haoopor, KIDKercHJ qT() CMLIcn rexcra OT nac YCKOnb3aeT. :::ho npOHCXO.n;aT noTOMY, no BH O,D;Ha !ppa3a He 3ByqHT ll.eJIHKOM B O):(BOM ronoce: CJIOBa paccpe,uOT01IHBppp- J -ppp0." Muoio &pleD-de

O

41 (UL cANTO SOSPESO JIYH,WKH HOHO

IIPHJIOJKEHUE I

IID:CbMS nparoecpeaasrx K CMepTB yo:t:Sero:mcOB EBpOUeUCKOrO COUpOTHBJlenlUl (Typan, 1954; qropux, 1955)'

IL CANTO SOSPESO Le lettere di cui da lettura non sono parte

tntegrarue della composizione.

Anton Popov, Bulgaria, di anni 26, tnsegnante e pubbltcista

Sofia, Career; centrali ~2luglio 1942

Cara mamma. caro fratello, CaIa sorella., .

io muoia per un mondo ehe splenera con luee tanto forte, eon tale bellezza ehe il mio stesso sacrificio e nulla. Confortatevi pensando che per esso sono morti milioni di uomiDi in migliaia di lotte sulJe barricate e sui fronti di guerra.

,. Consolatevi pensando che muoio per la giustizia. Consolatevi pens ando che le nostre idee vinceranno...

Anton

Andreas Likourinos, Grecta, di anni 14, studente liceale

,, Papa,

mi portano a Kessariani per l'esecuzione insieme ad altri sette detenuti [...] Ti prego molto, avverti le loro case. Non vi addolorate. Muoiu per la Liberta e la Patria.

Andreas

Blefthrios Ktosss, Grecta, di anni 19, studente

Cara rnammina, papa e sorelline, oggi 5 giugno 42 ci flieileranno. Moriamo da uomini per la patria. Non soffro affatto e cosi non voglio che voi soffriate. Non voglio pianti ne lacrime. Abbiate pazienza. Vi auguro di essere felici e non addoloratevi per me. Saluti di tuttocuore a tutti. SlAMO DEGN! DEI NOSTRI AVI E DELLA GRECIA. Non tremo affatto, e vi scrivo dritto in piedi. Respiro per l'ultima volta la profumata aria

IL CANTO SOSPESO Die veriesenen Briefe sind nicht Bestandteil

der Kamposuion:

Anton Popow, Bulgorien, 26 jiihriger Lehrer und Joumaltst

Sofia. Zentraigefangnis 22. Juli 1942

Liebe Mama! Lieber Bruder! "Liebe Sehwester!

leh sterbe ftlr eine Welt, die mit so starkem Lieht, soleher SeMnheit strahleri wird, da~ mein eigenes Opfer nichts ist. 'Irstet Euch im Gedanken, da~ fUr sie Millionen von Menschen in Tausenden von Kampfen auf den Barrikaden und an den Kriegsfronten gestorben sind. Trstet Euch im Gedanken, dall ich fUr die Gerechtigkeit sterbe. 'Irstet Eueh im Gedanken, dall unsere Ideen siegen werden...

Anton

Andreas Likourlnos, Griechenland, 14jtihrige Schiiler

Papa! Sie bringen mich nach Kessari.ani ftlr die

Hinrichtung, zusammen mit sieben anderen Verhafteten [...] Ich bitte Dich sehr, verstandige ihre Familien. Betrnbe Dich nicht. Ich sterbe fUr die Freiheit und dasVaterland.

Andreas

BlefthertosKtosses, Grtechenland, 19j(J~iger Student

Liebe Mama., Papa und Schwesterchen! Heute, am 5. Juni 1942, werden sie uns fUsilieren. Wir sterben als Manner fUr das .vaterland. Ich leide durch aus nicht, und darum will ich auch nicht, da~ Ihr leidet. Ich will keine Klagen und keine Tranen. Habt Geduld, Ich wunsche Buch, daj Ibr gUlck1ich seid und Buch meinetwegen nicht betrUbet. GrU~e von ganzem Herzen an alle. WIR SIND UNSERER AHNEN UND GRIECHENLANDS WORDIG. Ich zittere nicht,

, ,

" ~ I B ITpRJlO:lKeHHH I IIpHBO,llllTClI nO.JI:HLIe TeKCThI naceer yqaCTHHKoB eaponecxoro COIIpOTIlllJletl HIDI. BIlpanoscesaa II - lPparMeHThI DHceM, CJl}')Kam;HX ocaoaort KaJITaThI Ilpepaaaaaa neCHL).'J ~ ~

O'lEPKTPETHIl44

alla tomba. Per i bambinl sii sempre quello che sei Sei den Kindem immer das, was ich an Dir harte, stato per me, un compagno! [...] Sperando nella ein Kamerad! [...] In der Hoffnung aut das Leben vita, mi avvio alla morte. Vado con la fede in una gehe ich in den Tod. Ich gebe im Glauben an eio vita migliore per voi. Siamo forti! [...] besseres Leben fUr Euch. Stark wollen wir sein.

[.. ]

IIPHJIOJKEHDE II TeKCT KaRTanI JI. HOBO BMeere e ceMl>1O ltPyntMH. JI )'MHp1llO 3B cBo60JtY H ponnHY.

cercnaa OUH HBC paccrpename, MN: )'MepJIH JalI( M)'lK'IHHI>I aa Po.mrn:y. 6y.DPTC .l{OCTO!tHw Hac...

OHR lIOBeCIIJIH MeHJI Ha nnollllUlH 3B TO. 'ITO ll' 6bl1I nerpaorca. TBoA Cl>IH yxo)J;H1'. OH HJ{Kor,na He yeJILlIIIHT xonoxone ca060;n.r.

... ecrne seece C'I"8.fIYl' 6YMarolO. B Bee MOpJI MHpa - '1epHItJUlMK, JI HC CMOry HarIHCllTI> BaM CBOlO neeIDO, H ace TO, 'ITO JI BIDKY aoxpyr- ee511. JI rosopjo BeeM npcma H nna'l}'...

...,nacPH OTBOPJIIOI'GJl. 3ro HIWIH y6HJ:iItE,I. O.l{eThle B sepsoe. ORH HB.CTHraIOT Hac B Csaarore.

Kax rcseno aaacerna npcmerscs e TakoA npeKpacHoA lKH3Hh101

... npomal!:.MaMa.mOj[.nO.l:L 1IIo6Ka yxo,llHT a CL1PYlO seemo.

Y MeHJI Her crpexe ncpen CMepnlO...

JI OCT8K>Ch cnoKoAm.lM Hroroe Kacrpeqe C 00naIlaMH. Hey.lkenH TaK CnOkQCH TOT. lITO Hacocy,nH1I?.

JlItlJY e BepoA BJIY'!lIIYlO :lKlHh ...

~ . I B COJILHhIX H XOPOB'I>IX napTKIIX neprarypn II canto scspeso JI. HOHO 1IpHBO,lJ;HT nae JlJI>IKa

mam.JlHcKHfi H non HHM - HeMellKH1t, O,lIRlUCO saarera npaxraxecxa acerna HCnOJlHJl:eTClI Ha KT'aIlI>XHCkOM sauxe. Co-raaeaae Ha:JBaHO nO-HTaJI!,JlHCKH H paCC'tHT8HO Ha 4l0HlOM HMeHHO ::ITOro Jl::JIolka.

45 lt, CANTO SQSPESO) JIYlf,I:tlKH HOHO

BeKOTopLIe xopeesre COl:JHReOwt JIyB.AiKH HOHO 3IIHTa1996. -N.1. Kyp6amCKaR C. A. Cepaaaa My.3LIKa: BOnpOCLl TeOpKH, HCTOpmI, 3CTeTHKH.

M., 1996. HOHO JI Hailm CBOIO 3B03.uy. l1HTePBblO II COB. My3LIKa. - 1989. - N. 2. HOHO JI. ABro6HoTPaHaJI aKai\eMHJl. - 1996. - N. I.

Tapnononscxuu B. r. Contrappunto dialettico II My3bIKaJIbH"" aKaI\eMHJl.1996. - N. 1. 1,

XO!lJIep X ll. Bcerna IIO-HOBOM)', Bee BpeMJl IIRa'!e II My3bIKalIbH"" 3KaI\eMHJl.1996. -N.J.

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H:HII npHHIl0110B CepIIHHOH M)'31illG1 y KOMTI03HTOpOB XX acsa, HBM K8JKeTCH HHTe

peCHLIM He6o.JII.mOH ~P3TMeHT H3 aBT06HOrpa~HH JI. HOHo, KacaIOIIJ;HiiCH ero oraomeHIDI K W. C1paBHHCKOMY II ero CO'llHHeHWIM l-(Ol-(eKa~oHHoro nepaona':

r JIABA 2. COHOPIIKA. A.rrEATOPIIKA.

Ouep uemeepmuii. ITa.IDlii: OH P0,llHJIC.R B

cesese nearepexax CBpeeB2 B TpaHCHJILBaRHH B MCCTClJKC ,I(KqeceHTMapTOH (no py

Ml>!BCJ(H - Tsrprraseaa), xoropoe HeCKO.JII,KQ PM llcpeXO.IJ;HJIO TO K BCHrpHH, TO K PyMhIHHH. e 1920rozta OHO BHOBI, BODIna B eoeras PyMl>IHHH, a e I1pHXO,lJ;OM K anacra Farnepa - K xopmCTCKOH BempHHJ ua repparopaa KOTOpOH ,lJ;CHCTBOBa..JIB aHTIIcBpCHCKHC 3aKOHbI (B KOImClITp3llll0B1I1;1X JIarep.5IX IIom6JIH oren li 6paT KOMII03HTOpa). Y)KaeaIOIIU'IC C06Ll1"IDl BOCHHoro BpCMCHH HaIIIJIH enoe aonnoureane B PCICBHCMC, 3aMLICeJ! xoroporo J1HreTH BblHaIIIHBaJI HCCKOJII,KO ner. Ii JllIIIIL e rpersctt IIOIILITKB, B 6o-e rO,IU.I, KOMIl03HTOP 3aBCPIIUIJI llPOH3BC,ll;CHHC.

Ilocnenoeaasre ro.IJ:LI .J1HrenI npoaen B creaax AKa,neMHH My31illOl B Bynarrenrre scaasana KaR CTY.o;eHT, a 3areM - KaK nperronanarens My3LIKaJThBO-TeOpeT1r'IeCKHX ,unCItHIIJmH. Co6I:.ITID1 OceHH 1956 rol{a- BBOl{ COBercKHX BOi1CK B Bynarrenrr IIpH> BeJIH KOMII031:1TOpa K pemeaaro nosaayrs BeHTPmD. OH rrcpeexan B K.llY Aacrpae H Fepvarraea, - Jlarera nOCTeneHHO npaoperaer lI3BeCTHOeTh KaK M}'3I.IKOBe.o; H KOMIT03I:1TOP, TBopqeCTBO KOTOpOro BaxOroITC.R B pycne esponeCKOro anaarapzta. O,lJ;HaKO eaM Jlarera aaxorna He rrpeyeenasaaax 3HaqeHIDI xynolKOCTBeHHLIX orspsrraa asaarapzta. ITo MLICJlli 10. B. Kpeilmmoii, B !j>0PMHJlOBamm B3r.mI,lI;DB KOMl103HTOpa csrrpana pom. H rr03HIJ;ID1 '''qenOBeKa CO CTOpOm.r" - B:r.IXO.o;ua H3 BOeTO'!HOH EBpOII:bI, BOeIIIITaHHoro B HH:r.IX Tp3,ll;HIJ;lUrX... Jlarera eoaeran B ee6easaarapnaera II KluITHKa anaarapzta - l1pHtIeM eoseran B rexeaae ,101HreJll,HOrO

3 . nepaona, ,ll;JUIIII;eroe.s OT KOHIJ;a 50-x ronen nO caro nopy . IIo,n;o6HaH ,ZJ;BOH:CTBeH-HOCT}, aoome eBOHeTBeHHa searepexosry KOMII03IITOpy: Bero eosanerrasx rrpacyrCTB)'IOT II p83MbII1I1IeHIDI o CY.IJ:L6ax MHpa, II IIpOHIDl, II C8.MonpoHIDl. Bxecre e reM ero TBOpqeCTBY rrpaeyrrra onaa BIDKHaH vepra (KOTOPax B qenOM xapaxrepnaa ,ll)l5I Xy.o;O)Kfi;m(OB :xx sexa, aarrpasrep, ,ll)l5I HOHO II ,l:(eHHeoBa B My3L1Ke, )J;IDI Ilpyera H KaOpMOH, II rrnOTHOCTblO y MeIDI acerna aeconaapyrorcx 3BytIamm. H Ha-

I llQJIPQ6HO 6HQIpaepHJJ )l. Jlarera paccaarpasaercs B crarse: KpeUHUHQ 10. B. "lIHtlHQCTb H TBOp'leCKaR cYlU>6a (B3rIDl:l( ID 90-x ronoe) /I ,[(I.(!P.lU> lIHTeTH: J1HqHQCTb H TBOp'leCTBQ. C6. crare. M., 1993. - C. 15-24.

2 HlITepeCHO OTMeTHTb TOT q,aKT, 'lTO rrpe,lI.KH XOMII03HTopa no OTI{OBeKoA JIHHHH HOCHiJH q,aMHJlHIO AY3P; 3HaMeHHThlA cspanau, npooeccop Iletepyprcxo KOHcepBBTOplm Jleorromn CeMeHOBHtI AY3P (1845-1930) - JWJ)l oma~. KaK H enome eearepcxae espea, oren sownonrropa B KOJIne npomnoro nese IDMeHH1l CBOIO q,aMHJIHlOaa JIHreTH.

3KpeUHUHQ JO. B. 1.l.HT. CO'l. - C. 20. 4 TaM :lKe. _ C. 23.

OllEPK lfETBEP11JRS2

060pOT...I. I1HTepecHO OTMeTHTh, no Jlarera YBJIeKaeTCH H306P33HTe.m.m.1M HCxyCeIBOM (Bperem, H Bocx), H CaM pacyer.

B PH.llY XOpOBLIX OnyCOB ,n:. JIHrern PeK6ueM .zwg COJIHCTOB, ,ZJ;BYX csremaansrx XOpOB fi opxecrpa, a TaIOKe COlJHHeHHe.zwg cxemaarroro xopa a cappella Lux aeterna, nponorosaiornee B.neH PeKBHcMa, B:&I,IJ;eJIHIOTCH ocoo He TOJI:bKO no CBoeH nyxoaao HanpaBJIeHHOCTH. HO fi HO TeXllliKe, KOTOPYlO CaM KOMII03RTOP Ha3BaJI MHlCponOJIH!poRBcii. Ilo CJIOBaM ,Z:{. JlHreTH, - sro 1X cnaceeaa cnacaenn, CDOe" pietatisl Recordare Jesu pie, quod sum MHJIOC'I1>IO, cnaca MeJl:, HCTOtmHK MHJIOcep

.!:lHX! BcnoMHH, 6J1BI'OH Haeyce, -rro .11causa tuae viae, ne me perdas illa die. npwnma Taoero xpecrrroro nYTII, He norytiaQuarens me sedisti lassus, redemisti MeJl: D TOT ):lem.. Hura MeJl:, Th! oanen

crucem passus: tantus labor non sit yroMJleHHLIH, HCKymIJI (MelUl) xpecnro M}'cassus. Juste judex ultionts. donum fac KOH: -raxoe ):le.lUlHe ):la He 6Y):leT aanpacmra.remissionis ante diem rattonisl lngemisco Cnpasennaesr Cy)J;HJI MLqeHIDl, .!:l8Pyii OTtanquam reus, culpa rubet vultus meus, ~efille nepen CY.llHb1M naea! CTeH8ID. TaK supplicanti parce, Deus! Qui Mariam KaR 51 BKHoueH, xpacxa crsuta nOKpLIB8eT absolvisti, et latronem exaudisti.: mihi oe JIH.U.O. MOJIJlIUerO Te651 rromazra, Bozce!

l TaM:lKe.-C. 21. 2 Iloaeoea M. H. .n;~P)U> Jlarera: 3CTeTK'leCKHe aarnansr H 11l0pQeCKM rrpaKTHK8 60 - 70-x ro

AOS. KpHrHKa H PaJMLnwl"~llW[ II TeopIDI H npaxrnxa coapeaeaaori 6YP'fo/a:JHOA: K)'JIliryPLI: nponeMLI KpHTHKH. C6. TpYAOS rMlUf HM. rHeCHHl>lX. ELIn. 94. - M., 1987. - C. 149.

J TaM :IKe. _ C. 148.

53

quoque spem dedisti. Preces meae non sunt dignae, sed tu, bonus, [ac benigne! Ne perenni cremer igne! Inter oves locum praesta, et ab hoedic me sequestra, statuens in parte dextra. Confutatis maledictis, flammis acribus addictis! Voca me cum benedictis. Oro supplex et acclinis, cor contritum quasi cinis, gere curam mei finis.

Ter ornycran rpex MapHH (Marnanaae) li asrcrrynran pro6oillmKa, MRe TO>Ke nan Ha.lle)l{,lly. Mon:n6&I MOH HeP;OCTOHm.I, HO TM, 6naroH, 6YAb MH1IOCTHB! ,[{a He 6yAY ropers B BelJHOM OfHe! ,!(aiI MHe Mecro opena caen li OT.lleJIH MeHJI oi K03Jlm..lJ;, IIQCT8BHB e npaBOH CTOpOHl>l. Kerna oraepraeuu np6KJlJlThIX, 05peQeHHLIX Ha acryxee IlJIaMX! IIpH30BH MeHR (aesecre) e 6narOCJIOSeHHbIMH. IIpomy, CKJlOHHB roJIOBy e Mom.50H. e cepMeM, coxpyureaasrec eJIOBHO nellen, no3a6onCJI o MoeM KOHIl;e.

~BYKOBOH MHP PeKBHeMa1IHremorrpeJJ:eJU[eT.IJ;HCCOH8HTH8JlXpOMa11JlIeCK3.lI TKaHL; MHKpODOJIHilJOftHl!ecKoe cBepXMROrOrOJlOCDC HCIIOJIl>3YeTCH B XOpOBOM 3BYsasaa B Introitus li Kyrie, I1pH1IeM B xoposo IIOJIHepOHHlJeCKOH 4la.KT)'pC npOHCXO,JlH.'I' aannacrossraaaae CaMOCTOJITeJIl>m.lX rOJIOCOB: aanpassep, B I qaCTH O.u;HOBpeMeHHO 3BytIaT 12 XOPOBbIX li 2 COJIl>m.JX rOJIOca, a BO II qaCTH - 20 XOPOBbIX rOJIOCOB (CM. napnrrypy), tITO C03.o;aeT anesarneaae OrpOMHOH 3BYQam.eH TOJInhJ, a B KYJIl>MHHamm 3TOH qaCTH, xorna orpOMHaJI 3ByxOBaJI Macca .o;OXO.D;IIT .0;0 ,IJ;UHa.M::KtIeCKOrO rrpenena - .ff, no BL1pIDKemno C. M. C8BCHI

56

B ill xacra KOMn03HTOP OTXO,lJ.lIT OT CpaBHHTeJIbHO:H: HenO,lJ;BIDKHOCTH, IIJIaBHO:H: eTaTl-UCH MllKpOnoIDI.qlOHBH npyrax aacre, B KOTOpbIX ,lJ;BH:>Kemre MHO>KeCTBa. ronoCOB cosaaer 34J~eKT CTaTHllnOCTH. Jlarera CaM OTMelJaJI, no III xacrs PeKB},{eMa 6Jm3Ka cro IlpHKJITO'IeHHJlM (1962) H "HOBLIM llpHKJITO'IeHIDlM (1962-1965)Mj'3LIKa.JThHO-,llpaMaTIflIccKHM .o;eiicTBIDIM, B KOTOp:EJX npOHCXOJJ,HT paora e JJ:HRaMD3a:u:neu TIGlHH. O,llHaKO 6JIH30CTL 3THX COlfiIHCHaH 3aKJI1OQaeTCSI JIHIIIb B reXIJ:HlleeKOM acnexrc KaK THII, no B:&IpIDKcHHIO C. M. Ca:aCHKO. .n:mco >KcermcyIDlpyiom;cif Mj'3LI1GD). Ilpaxnroxeaas HaxO,IUlTC.lI B pycne rearpa acypna, rorna K8K PeKBHcMsro coxaaeaae ,IU'XOBBOH BanpaBJICHHOCTII, aacraansromee Hac 3a.IJYMan.CH o npo

6rreMax tICJIOBCtICCKOro 6LI'l1U1J nCCMOTI1H Ha TO, 'lJTO OHO He HMceT llpOCBerJICHIDI II Ha,uC)l()U>I.

Lux aeterna .JIarem (1966) npononxaer PeK8ueMJ B KOTOpOM OTCyrCTByroT pas)l;CJll:J Offertorium, Sanctus (Benedictus) iI Agnus Dei. 3aKJIK)'llHTeJILm.IC cTJlOIGI noCJICJlHero pasnena II nocnyacana TCKCTOM nanaoro XOpOBOro npoasaezteaaa. Lux aeterna ,lJ,IDI l6-roJIOeHOrO eMemamlOro xopa aarracaao lJepe3 ron aoene saaepmeHIDI PeKBHeMa, H, XOTJI KOMII03Bl{HOIIllbIH npHHIJ;HII MIDq>onOJIHtPOa:mI B )l8HHOM XOpe coxpaaaerca, eaM aBTOp OTMetIaeI, no B 3TOM H nOCJIe)JyK)IIJ;HX npOH3Be)leHWIX HaMetten C,l{BHr OT MJIKPOnOJn:ltPoHHB K 60JIee 06b[qHOH nomnpoaaa, KOTOpaJI Renee sanaeusaeres, OHa 60JIee XP)'IIK8JI H TOHKaJI.. Do