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Sustaining Systems Level Implementation of SWPBS:
Lessons Being Learned
George Sugai & Rob HornerOSEP Center on PBIS
Center for Behavioral Education & Research
University of ConnecticutMarch 26, 2009
www.pbis.org www.cber.org www.swis.org
www.pbis.org
PURPOSE
Share some lessons being
learned when attempting
sustained accurate
SWPBS Implementation
Four Lessons
1.Know where you
want to go &
what your
sustaining to get
there.
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94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06
To
tal O
DR
s
Academic Years
FRMS Total Office Discipline Referrals
DURABLE IMPACTPre
Post
• School-wide PBS• BEP• Function-based support
District-Wide SET ScoresBethel SET Scores K-12
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10
20
30
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50
60
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90
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean
% o
f Im
plem
enta
tion
Poin
ts
Fall 00
Spring 01
Spring 02
Spring 03
Spring 04
Spring 05
Spring 06
Spring 07
• District Team• Coaching• Coordination• Evaluation• Behavioral Capacity
1535
68
125
190
276
369
0
50
100
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FY99
FY00
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
• State Team• Coaching & Training• Regional Coordination• Evaluation• Behavioral Capacity
Sustainability =Organizational capacity for & documentation of
Durable results with
Accurate implementation (>90%) of
Evidence-based practice across desired
Context over
Time w/
Local resources &
Systems for continuous regeneration
Know CONTEXT: We are sustaining
• Intervention supports for kid outcomes
• Classroom & school supports for accurate intervention use
• District/regional/state supports for continued school implementation
Our Challenges…….SWPBS is framework for….
4. INEFFECTIVE SPED• 25% on IEPS• EBD sent to Alt school• Tasha spends day w/ nurse
5. COMPETING INITIATIVES
• SW discipline• Class manage• Social skills program
5. COMPETING INITIATIVES•SW discipline•Class management•Social skills programs•Character education•Bully proofing•Life skills•Anger management•HIV/AID education•Conflict management•Drug-free •Parent engagement•School spirit•Violence prevention•Dropout prevention•Relaxation room•Afterschool peer support•School based mental health clinic……
3. NEGATIVE SCHOOL CLIMATE
• Bullying & harassment• 447 teacher abs yr• Staff/parents unsafe
2. POOR ACHIEVEMENT
• 25% 3rd at grade• >50% 9th 2+ “F”
1.REACTIVE MANAGEMENT
•5100 ref/yr•Marcus 14 days det.
Effective Behavioral Interventions
Effective Academic Instruction
Systems for Durable & Accurate Implementation
Continuous & Efficient Data-based Decision Making
POSITIVE, PREVENTIVE
SCHOOL CULTURE(SWPBS)
=
Implementation Challenges
2.Invest in
evidence-based
practice
4 Evaluation Criteria• Effectiveness = works
– Documentation that practice produced desired outcome?
• Efficiency = doable– What are costs (time, resources, $) to implement
practice?
• Relevance = culturally relevant– Is practice & outcomes appropriate/adaptable for
situation?
• Conceptually soundness = logical– Is practice based on theory?
www.pbis.orgHorner, R., & Sugai, G. (2007). Is school-wide positive behavior support an evidence-based practice? OSEP Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support.
www.pbis.org
click “Research” “Evidence Base”
90-School StudyHorner et al., in press
•Schools that receive technical assistance from typical support personnel implement SWPBS with fidelity
•Fidelity SWPBS is associated with▫Low levels of ODR
▫ .29/100/day v. national mean .34
▫Improved perception of safety of the school ▫ reduced risk factor
▫Increased proportion of 3rd graders who meet state reading standard.
Project Target: Preliminary FindingsBradshaw & Leaf, in press
• PBIS (21 v. 16) schools reached & sustained high fidelity
• PBIS increased all aspects of organizational health
• Positive effects/trends for student outcomes– Fewer students with 1 or more ODRs (majors + minors)
– Fewer ODRs (majors + minors)
– Fewer ODRs for truancy
– Fewer suspensions
– Increasing trend in % of students scoring in advanced & proficient range of state achievement test
Detrich, Keyworth, & States (2007). J. Evid.-based Prac. in Sch.
3.Know your basics
(SWPBS).
SYST
EMS
PRACTICES
DATASupportingStaff Behavior
SupportingStudent Behavior
OUTCOMES
Supporting Social Competence &Academic Achievement
SupportingDecisionMaking
IntegratedElements
Primary Prevention:School-/Classroom-Wide Systems for
All Students,Staff, & Settings
Secondary Prevention:Specialized Group
Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior
Tertiary Prevention:Specialized
IndividualizedSystems for Students
with High-Risk Behavior
~80% of Students
~15%
~5%
CONTINUUM OFSCHOOL-WIDE
INSTRUCTIONAL & POSITIVE BEHAVIOR
SUPPORT
ALL
SOME
FEW
RtI
Response to Intervention
All
Some
FewRTI
Continuum of Support for
ALL
Dec 7, 2007
Classroom
SWPBSPractices
Non-classroom Family
Student
School-w
ide
• Smallest #• Evidence-based
• Biggest, durable effect
SCHOOL-WIDE1.1. Leadership team
2.Behavior purpose statement
3.Set of positive expectations & behaviors
4.Procedures for teaching SW & classroom-wide expected behavior
5.Continuum of procedures for encouraging expected behavior
6.Continuum of procedures for discouraging rule violations
7.Procedures for on-going data-based monitoring & evaluation
EVIDENCE-BASED
INTERVENTIONPRACTICES
CLASSROOM1.All school-wide
2.Maximum structure & predictability in routines & environment
3.Positively stated expectations posted, taught, reviewed, prompted, & supervised.
4.Maximum engagement through high rates of opportunities to respond, delivery of evidence-based instructional curriculum & practices
5.Continuum of strategies to acknowledge displays of appropriate behavior.
6.Continuum of strategies for responding to inappropriate behavior.
INDIVIDUAL STUDENT1.Behavioral competence at school & district levels
2.Function-based behavior support planning
3.Team- & data-based decision making
4.Comprehensive person-centered planning & wraparound processes
5.Targeted social skills & self-management instruction
6. Individualized instructional & curricular accommodations
NONCLASSROOM1.Positive expectations & routines taught & encouraged
2.Active supervision by all staff (Scan, move, interact)
3.Precorrections & reminders
4.Positive reinforcement
FAMILY ENGAGEMENT1.Continuum of positive behavior support for all families
2.Frequent, regular positive contacts, communications, & acknowledgements
3.Formal & active participation & involvement as equal partner
4.Access to system of integrated school & community resources
Teaching Matrix
SETTING
All Settings
Hallways Playgrounds CafeteriaLibrary/
Computer Lab
Assembly Bus
Respect Ourselves
Be on task.Give your best effort.
Be prepared.
Walk. Have a plan.
Eat all your food.Select healthy foods.
Study, read,
compute.
Sit in one spot.
Watch for your stop.
Respect Others
Be kind.Hands/feet
to self.Help/share
with others.
Use normal voice
volume.Walk to
right.
Play safe.Include others.Share
equipment.
Practice good table manners
Whisper.Return books.
Listen/watch.Use
appropriate applause.
Use a quiet voice.
Stay in your seat.
Respect Property
Recycle.Clean up after self.
Pick up litter.
Maintain physical space.
Use equipment properly.
Put litter in garbage can.
Replace trays &
utensils.Clean up
eating area.
Push in chairs.Treat books
carefully.
Pick up.Treat chairs appropriately
.
Wipe your feet.Sit
appropriately.
Exp
ecta
tions 1. S
OCIAL SKILL2. NATURAL
CONTEXT
3. BEHAVIOR
EXAMPLES
1. Leadership team
2. Behavior purpose statement
3. Set of positive expectations & behaviors
4. Procedures for teaching SW & classroom-wide expected behavior
5. Continuum of procedures for encouraging expected behavior
6. Continuum of procedures for discouraging rule violations
7. Procedures for on-going data-based monitoring & evaluation
School-wide
• Positive expectations & routines taught & encouraged
• Active supervision by all staff– Scan, move, interact
• Precorrections & reminders
• Positive reinforcement
Non-classroom
• All school-wide• Maximum structure & predictability in routines & environment• Positively stated expectations posted, taught, reviewed,
prompted, & supervised.• Maximum engagement through high rates of opportunities to
respond, delivery of evidence-based instructional curriculum & practices
• Continuum of strategies to acknowledge displays of appropriate behavior, including contingent & specific praise, group contingencies, behavior contracts, token economies
• Continuum of strategies for responding to inappropriate behavior, including specific, contingent, brief corrections for academic & social behavior errors, differential reinforcement of other behavior, planned ignoring, response cost, & timeout.
Classroom
• Behavioral competence at school & district levels
• Function-based behavior support planning
• Team- & data-based decision making
• Comprehensive person-centered planning & wraparound processes
• Targeted social skills & self-management instruction
• Individualized instructional & curricular accommodations
Individual Student
• Continuum of positive behavior support for all families
• Frequent, regular positive contacts, communications, & acknowledgements
• Formal & active participation & involvement as equal partner
• Access to system of integrated school & community resources
Family
4.Work from
conceptually sound
implementation logic
IMPLEMENTATIONPHASES
Need,Agreements, Adoption, &Outcomes
LocalDemonstration
w/ Fidelity
Sustained Capacity,
Elaboration, &Replication
4. SystemsAdoption, Scaling,
& ContinuousRegeneration
2.
3.
1.
My Worry“Train & Hope”
REACT toProblemBehavior
REACT toProblemBehavior
Select &ADD
Practice
Select &ADD
Practice
Hire EXPERTto TrainPractice
Hire EXPERTto TrainPractice
WAIT forNew
Problem
WAIT forNew
Problem
Expect, But HOPE for
Implementation
Expect, But HOPE for
Implementation
Agreements
Team
Data-based Action Plan
ImplementationEvaluation
GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION
PROCESS
• Readiness agreements, prioritization, & investments
• 3-4 year implementation commitment
• Local capacity for training, coordination, coaching, & evaluation
• Systems for implementation integrity
Funding Visibility PoliticalSupport
Training Coaching Evaluation
Local School Teams/Demonstrations
PBS Systems Implementation Logic
Leadership Team
Active & Integrated Coordination
# IL PBIS Schools & # Ext. & Int. Coaches
June 30, 2008
ValuedOutcomes
ContinuousSelf-Assessment
Practice Implementation
EffectivePractices
Relevance
Priority Efficacy
Fidelity
SUSTAINABLE IMPLEMENTATION & DURABLE RESULTS THROUGH CONTINUOUS REGENERATION
Initiative, Project,
Committee
Purpose Outcome Target Group
Staff Involved
SIP/SID/etc
Attendance Committee
Character Education
Safety Committee
School Spirit Committee
Discipline Committee
DARE Committee
EBS Work Group
Working Smarter
Are outcomes
measurable?
Initiative, Committee
Purpose Outcome Target Group
Staff Involved
SIP/SID
Attendance Committee
Increase attendance
Increase % of students attending daily
All students Eric, Ellen, Marlee
Goal #2
Character Education
Improve character
Improve character All students Marlee, J.S., Ellen
Goal #3
Safety Committee
Improve safety Predictable response to threat/crisis
Dangerous students
Has not met Goal #3
School Spirit Committee
Enhance school spirit
Improve morale All students Has not met
Discipline Committee
Improve behavior
Decrease office referrals
Bullies, antisocial students, repeat offenders
Ellen, Eric, Marlee, Otis
Goal #3
DARE Committee
Prevent drug use High/at-risk drug users
Don
EBS Work Group Implement 3-tier model
Decrease office referrals, increase attendance, enhance academic engagement, improve grades
All students Eric, Ellen, Marlee, Otis, Emma
Goal #2
Goal #3
Sample Teaming Matrix
Are outcomes
measurable?
~80% of Students
~15%
~5%
ESTABLISHING CONTINUUM of SWPBS
SECONDARY PREVENTION• Check in/out• Targeted social skills instruction• Peer-based supports• Social skills club•
TERTIARY PREVENTION• Function-based support• Wraparound• Person-centered planning• •
PRIMARY PREVENTION• Teach SW expectations• Proactive SW discipline• Positive reinforcement• Effective instruction• Parent engagement•
SECONDARY PREVENTION• • • • •
TERTIARY PREVENTION• • • • •
PRIMARY PREVENTION• • • • • •
Sustainability Guiding Principles
Is Student Affected Directly
Continuous Regeneration
Investing inSustainability & ScalingWayne Gretzky Wisdom
“Most players skate to
where the puck is, but I
skate to where the
puck is going”
“Most players skate to
where the puck is, but I
skate to where....”
I want the puck to go
